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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Broad spectrum cephalosporins have been studied extensively in animal models of experimental infections. There is generally good correlation between the results of therapy of experimental infections and clinical trials in humans. However, the results of animal model studies are better predictors of the failure than of the success of a chemotherapeutic regimen. Cefotaxime and the new 'fourth' generation agent, cefpirome, were comparable in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cefpirome was the most effective cephalosporin as therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis. The most effective broad spectrum cephalosporins for the treatment of Gram-negative experimental pneumonia were cefpirome, cefotaxime and cefodizime. Cefpirome was equivalent to ceftazidime or cefazolin as treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus experimental osteomyelitis. Because of its potent activity in vitro and in animal models of experimental infections caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and Gram-negative bacilli, cefpirome may offer a therapeutic advantage over currently available broad spectrum cephalosporins.
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PMID:Animal models as predictors of outcome of therapy with broad spectrum cephalosporins. 160 55

Two hundred and seventy-six hospitalized patients with severe infection (complicated UTI, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection or septicaemia) were randomly allocated to receive either 1g or 2g cefpirome bd. Two hundred and seventy-four patients were evaluable for tolerance, 210 for bacteriological efficacy. The two groups were similar in terms of underlying disease, age, sex, and general condition on admission. The overall clinical and bacteriological response rates were 97/103 (94%) and 68/76 (90%) respectively in the 1g group, compared with 102/107 (95%) and 67/71 (94%) in the 2g group. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups. Eighteen adverse events, possibly or probably drug related, were reported (7 in the 1g group, 11 in the 2g group). This resulted in discontinuation of therapy in four cases (two in each group). Fourteen of the adverse events were local (five receiving 1g, nine receiving 2g), mainly phlebitis or pain at the injection site. Thirteen patients died during the study period (up to 14 days after the last dose) but in no case was death attributed to cefpirome. A review of routine laboratory parameters revealed no abnormalities which could definitely be attributed to cefpirome although in four cases a relationship was considered possible; these included two increases in serum creatinine, one increase in SGPT, and one episode of neutropenia. Cefpirome administered as 1 or 2g twice daily was a well tolerated, effective agent for the treatment of severe sepsis in hospitalized patients.
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PMID:Prospective randomized phase II study of intravenous cefpirome 1g or 2g bd in the treatment of hospitalized patients with different infections. Cefpirome Study Group. 160 64

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were superior to those of ceftazidime. 2. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CPR at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 2 cases each were determined. Mean peak plasma concentrations of CPR at these dose levels were 33.9, 62.9 and 96.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes with plasma half-lives of 1.58, 1.69, and 2.13 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates in the first 8 hours after administration were 51.2, 78.0 and 74.9%, respectively. 3. Ten patients with bacterial infections (pneumonia 5 cases, urinary tract infection 5 cases) were treated with CPR at a daily dose of 16-79 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy and bacteriological eradication rates were both 100%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 case of mild pain in blood vessels. Abnormal laboratory test results were also mild, slight elevation of GOT, GPT and thrombocytosis in 1 case and eosinophilia in 1 case.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in the field of pediatrics]. 188 Sep 22

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 11 patients were as follows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efficacy rate was 90.9%. 2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another. 3. MICs of CPR against 18 beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56 micrograms/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56 micrograms/ml, and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and a strain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 188 Sep 23

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810). The results are summarized as follows. CPR was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 3 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of CPR was 65.7 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, and the mean half-life was 1.49 +/- 0.046 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate of CPR was 57.0 +/- 25.8% in the first 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 20 mg/kg. Treatment with CPR was made in 9 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 1 case each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infection. Results obtained were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed except one case of elevated GOT and GPT, and 3 cases of eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 188 Sep 24

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was given intravenously to 10 children with acute bacterial infections including 8 with acute pneumonia, 1 each with acute pleuritis and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 10 patients and bacterial eradication were obtained for all 8 strains found in these cases. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that CPR is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 26

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections. 1. CSF concentrations of CPR following intravenous injection was investigated in 2 patients with purulent meningitis. In one of them, the concentrations were 2.11 micrograms/ml and 1.31 micrograms/ml on 3 and 8 days, respectively, after start of administration. In the other patient, they were 24.2 micrograms/ml, and 1.35 micrograms/ml on 2 days and 7 days after administration, respectively. 2. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinical isolates, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, except those against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were clearly superior to those of ceftazidime. 3. Clinical efficacies evaluated in 15 patients were "excellent" in 9, "good" in 5 and "unknown" in 1. The overall efficacy rate was 93.0%. 4. Clinical efficacies were "excellent" in 1 patient with bacteremia, "excellent" in 6 and "good" in one of 7 patients with pneumonia, and "good" in both of the 2 patients with purulent meningitis. Clinical efficacies against other diseases were "excellent" or "good", in 1 patient with pyothorax, 1 patient with purulent lymphadenitis, and 2 patients with facial cellulitis. In 1 patient with biliary tract infection, the results of treatment with CPR were "unknown" due to insufficient clinical data. 5. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 patient who showed an increase in platelet count.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 188 Sep 27

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a newly developed cephem antibiotic, were performed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Absorption and elimination of the drug were examined in a total of 7 children including 3 cases of administered with 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection (i.v.), 2 cases with 20 mg/kg drip infusion (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes and 2 cases with 40 mg/kg (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes. Maximum serum levels were attained immediately after i.v. or d.i.v. Cmax's were 233 +/- 7.6, 88.5 +/- 14.5, and 116 +/- 15 micrograms/ml, respectively for the above 3 modes of administration. These values were determined using a bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. T 1/2 (beta)'s were 1.18 +/- 0.17, 1.61 +/- 0.28 and 2.68 +/- 0.83 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates were 40.2-69.8% in a period of 0-6 hours after admissions. 2. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in a total of 20 patients with ages ranging from 9 months to 11 years. The treated cases were 6 cases of acute pneumonia, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 4 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute urinary tract infections, 2 cases of cellulitis, 1 case of purulent lympadenitis and 1 case of acute otitis media. The clinical efficacy rate was 94.7%. Adverse reactions occurred in no patients. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values involved only 1 case with elevated GOT and GPT. CPR was considered to be a safe and useful drug in treating various infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 34

We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical study on cefpirome (HR 810, CPR), an aminothiazolylmethoxyiminoacetamido cephalosporin (ATOIC), and obtained the following results. 1. Concentrations in blood/excretion in urine. We studied pharmacokinetic in children upon intravenous bolus injections and 30-minute and 1-hour intravenous drip infusions in single dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, and obtained virtually the same results as those found in adult subjects. Upon intravenous bolus injections, mean blood concentrations 30 minutes after administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 26.1, 47.8, and 82.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.13, 1.43, and 1.26 hours, respectively. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of the drip infusions of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 43.2, 106.9, and 163.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.15, 1.09, and 1.15 hours, respectively. In addition, upon 1-hour intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of infusion were 27.1 micrograms/ml for 10 mg/kg and 47.5 micrograms/ml for 20 mg/kg, and half-lives were 1.09 and 1.40 hours, respectively. A clear dose response was observed at all dosages for either administration method. Mean excretion rates in urine in the first 8 hours after administration were 60.6-71.1% upon intravenous bolus injections of 10-40 mg/kg, and upon intravenous drip infusion, the values were 50.2-83.8% for administration of 10-40 mg/kg 6 or 7 hours after completion of drip infusion. 2. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 2 subjects, and a concentration of 0.28-5.19 micrograms/ml was observed upon administration of 50 mg/kg, a moderate degree of penetration compared to the penetration of cephalosporins of group 5 studied up to now. 3. Clinical results Evaluation of clinical effects of CPR on various types of bacterial infections was conducted in 56 subjects, excluding 3 subjects who had diseases which were excluded from the study. The breakdown was as follows: 3 cases of meningitis, 1 case of septicemia, 25 cases of bronchial pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis and infection of the external acoustic meatus, 2 cases each of scarlet fever and phlegmon, 8 cases each of lymphadenitis and urinary tract infections, and 5 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Results of excellent or good were obtained in 54 subjects for an efficacy rate of 96.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in the pediatric field]. 204 Nov 59

The clinical efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, were investigated in children with various infectious diseases. CPR showed high blood peak levels, relatively long half-life and high levels in urine. Excellent clinical efficacy was obtained in 2/3 cases with pneumonia, 3/4 cases with upper respiratory infection, 2/2 cases with cutaneous and soft tissue infection and 1/1 case with urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80%. No clinical adverse effects were observed while slightly elevated GPT and GOT, decreased platelet were detected in 4 cases without clinical problems. CPR should be an useful and safe drug in treating infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of cefpirome against various infectious diseases in children]. 204 Nov 63


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