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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pseudomonas putrefaciens, a marine organism infrequently found in human culture material, was repeatedly isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia during a three-week period following a salt-water drowning accident. Similar organisms were found in the water at the site of the accident in Boston, and at ocean bathing beaches on nearby Martha's Vineyard.
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PMID:Respiratory colonization with Pseudomonas putrefaciens after near-drowning in salt water. 116 89

Four cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral interstital pneumonia were treated successfully. The illnesses started with a prodrome of upper respiratory symptoms. The development of dyspnea was a key symptom from which point respiratory failure developed within 24 to 48 hours. Chest roentgenograms showed alveolar infiltrative patterns which later became coalescent. The clinical course consisted of fever, dyspnea, hypoxia and acidosis, There was no response to therapy with antibiotics, 100 per cent oxygen by mask and intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) over the first 24 hours. Supportive therapy then initiated included endotracheal intubation, the administration of humidified oxygen by volume cycled respirator with positive end expiratory pressures of 10 to 15 cm H2O and corticosteroids. It is concluded that early recognition of the syndrome, coupled with prompt insituition of aggressive supportive respiratory management may be lifesaving in patints with severe interstitial pneumonia.
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PMID:Recognition and treatment of adult respiratroy distress syndrome secondary to viral interstitial pneumonia. 117 23

We conducted a population based case control study of deaths in children < 5 years old from Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, to evaluate factors associated with death, and factors associated with not utilizing Government health care system. Six hundred and ten children who died between 1 July, 1986 and 30 June 1987 were enrolled as cases; 1,160 healthy control children were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Twenty-five percent of deaths were ascribed to pneumonia based on "verbal autopsy"; 39% of acute respiratory deaths occurred in children < 6 months of age. In a multivariate analysis, significant independent associations were found with mother as sole decision maker for treatment (O.R = 0.13; 95% C:I. 0.07, 0.22); use of water from village well, pond, or river vs. tap water (O.R. = 11.86; 95% C.I., 5.46, 25.72); the child eating with others (O.R. = 9.42; 95% C.I. 5.68, 15.62) and the child sleeping in the room where cooking is done (O.R. = 2.78; 95% C.I. 1.79, 4.33). Overall only 45% of families utilized Government health care (village health worker, dispensary or health centre) during their child's terminal illness. Families utilizing Government health care were significantly more likely to say that the mother alone could make treatment decision (O.R. = 2.49, 95% C.I. 1.39, 4.46), and to be closer to a dispensary. The main reasons for not utilizing Government health care were 'traditional medicine is better' (41%) and 'no drugs available' (38%).
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PMID:Risk factors for deaths in children under 5 years old in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. 129 26

Water samples were collected from the hot water systems and from dental units in 12 dental offices of Dresden and cultured for legionellae. From seven (58%) hot water supplies and from dental units in 6 (50%) offices legionellae could be isolated. To asses the hygienic risk for dental staff we studied the prevalence of antibodies against Legionellae in serum samples of 113 dentists, 105 dental nurses and 17 dental technicians. In comparison with a control group of healthy people (132 women, 161 men, 20-80 years) living in the Dresden area, dentists have had a higher prevalence of antibodies against legionellae. In a lesser degree this was the case in sera of dental nurses and dental technicians. There were substantially differences in the prevalence of legionellae antibodies in different facilities. The incidence of positive antibody titers rises with the duration of occupation. None of the dentists with high antibody titers have had a story of pneumonia in their history of life. Thus a higher risk for dentists to acquire legionnaires' disease during their professional duty cannot be established.
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PMID:[Legionellae in dental units--a hygienic risk?]. 129 89

Surfactant replacement therapy may be a promising approach for treatment of respiratory failure caused by viral pneumonia. This study in mice demonstrates that during the development of lethal influenza A pneumonia, thorax-lung compliance (Ctl/kg) and lung volume at 5 cm H2O PEEP (V5/kg) significantly decrease (28 and 54%, respectively), whereas lung water content significantly increases (25%). Surfactant replacement therapy during the end stage of pneumonia significantly increases Ctl/kg (31%) and V5/kg (21%). Instillation of the vehicle for surfactant in control animals does not significantly affect Ctl/kg (5% decrease), but it significantly decreases V5/kg (25% decrease). Further, a new method for postmortem measurement of lung volumes in small laboratory animals based on Archimedes' principle is presented.
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PMID:Surfactant replacement therapy improves pulmonary mechanics in end-stage influenza A pneumonia in mice. 131 14

Water-soluble lipopeptide L-693,989 was evaluated for its antipneumocystis activity in rats. Rats from colonies with latent Pneumocystis carinii infections were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone for 6 weeks to facilitate the development of acute P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). After 6 weeks, the rats were maintained on dexamethasone and were treated twice daily for 4 days with various concentrations of L-693,989. At a dose of 0.15 mg/kg of body weight, the compound effectively eliminated 90% of the cysts in 4 days. Trophozoite forms of P. carinii were still present in these animals, as determined by using a P. carinii-specific DNA probe. A 3-week therapy study showed that the trophozoite load did not expand during treatment and that the trophozoites already present at the initiation of therapy appeared to persist. This may be a consequence of the stage specificity of the compound for cyst development and the severe immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone on rats. When evaluated as a daily parenteral prophylactic agent, L-693,989 was effective in preventing the development of both P. carinii cysts and trophozoites, demonstrating its potential for use in prophylaxis and implying that the cyst stage of P. carinii is an obligatory step in trophozoite multiplication. The foamy exudate commonly associated with P. carinii infections was absent in the lungs of rats on prophylaxis. The compound was also evaluated via oral administration and was found to have a 90% effective dose of 32 mg/kg for therapy of acute infections and 5 mg/kg for daily prophylaxis.
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PMID:Antipneumocystis activity of water-soluble lipopeptide L-693,989 in rats. 141 88

In October 1990 pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila was diagnosed in two employees working in the area of Apulia, southern Italy, where artesian wells were in construction. Although the exposure to excavation has been associated with Legionnaires' disease, in our investigation the illness occurred only in those employees who were present when the water emerged from the ground under high pressure. On the basis of this report, water appears as the most likely reservoir of the organism and the main route of infection.
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PMID:Legionellosis associated with artesian well excavation. 142 78

Forty-eight dogs were separated into four groups of six males and six females. Acrolein (0.1% aqueous) was administered in gelatin capsules to three of these groups at dosing levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 day-1 based on results of a range-finding study. After 4 weeks, the high dose was increased to 2 mg kg-1 day-1. The fourth group received deionized water in the same number of gelatin capsules as the high-dose group. Dosing was 7 days per week for 53 weeks. Blood and biochemical measurements were made pretest and at 3-month intervals thereafter. At termination, all dogs were subjected to full necropsy and histological examination. The major test effect noted was frequent vomiting after dosing. This was observed to be dose-dependent and the frequency decreased with time, indicating an adaptive effect. One mid-dose female died during the test and was diagnosed as having died of severe bronchial pneumonia, probably a result of vomitus aspiration. Serum albumin, calcium and total protein values were depressed in high-dose animals throughout the study. Some variability in red blood cell parameters and coagulation times were noted but the significance of these effects was not obvious.
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PMID:One-year toxicity of orally administered acrolein to the beagle dog. 144 75

Since 1988 the Frankfurt City Health Department examined the hot water systems of all public indoor swimming pools, old age homes and hospitals, and made subsequent checks on the corrective measures introduced. In the 6 public indoor swimming pools the percentage of positive legionella findings, after corrective measures has dropped since 1988: at the central hot-water supply units from 47% to 23%, and at the peripheral tap connections from 66% to 22%. The number of negative samples rose from 43% to 77%. Thus the favourable effect of the corrective measures is demonstrated. Since 1988 samples have been taken from the shower water at old age homes. An increase in negative findings could be shown (from 58% to 70%). From 1990, however, an increase of high-level legionella contamination (> 10,000 Legionella colonies per litre) was detected as well. In one home with a generally high legionella contamination level (up to 75,000 legionella colonies per litre) an investigation of the legionella antibodies was done in the blood of 44 residents whose medical history included fever or bronchial symptoms. In no case a previous infection could be demonstrated. However, there was one patient with a definite legionella pneumonia in the home: this patient usually had been showering for at least 20 minutes a day. Legionella were found in the hot water systems of 16 of the 17 hospitals in Frankfurt. In 1991 more than half to the 204 samples were legionella positive. 5% of the samples had legionella contamination levels of more than 100,000 per litre. Corrective measures have been taken.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Legionella contamination in warm water systems of a large German city]. 145 May 50

Mucociliary transport (MCT) was investigated in 45 and 20 patients with acute focal and croupous pneumonia, respectively. MCT condition was assessed by its duration, adherence and surface tension of the sputum, water fractions. Early disease was characterized by mucociliary insufficiency as shown by longer M T duration, increased surface tension and adherence. Abnormal bronchial clearance resulted in reduced bronchial permeability. The above indices should be considered to administer early correction of the disorders.
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PMID:[Mucociliary transport in patients with acute pneumonia]. 147 7


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