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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was prepared from a culture in a liquid medium supplemented with water extract of egg yolk. Vaccinated Syrian hamsters were exposed to virulent M. pneumoniae aerosol and were examined for the retention of mycoplasmas and for histopathological changes in the respiratory tracts. When a vaccine prepared with strain FH was administered intramuscularly or by inhalation in aerosol, no significant resistance was shown with respect to mycoplasma proliferation. An increased resistance, however, was observed when an aluminium phosphate-adsorbed vaccine, and when a plain vaccine (although to a lesser degree) prepared with hamster 24-passaged strain FH, was administered intramuscularly. Histopathologically, lung lesions were markedly suppressed in groups showing high resistance. A correlation between the serum antibody titer and the resistance to infection was observed. Hamsters which received a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum intracordally showed a high resistance to M. pneumoniae infection. The suppression of histopathological changes also coincided with high complement-fixing antibody titers of either actively or passively immunized hamster serum. The results suggest that humoral immunity plays an important role in resistance to M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hamsters.
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PMID:Acquired immunity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pneumonia in hamsters. 69 61

An aerosol model for the study of paraquat (PQ) toxicity was developed using a 134 litre chamber and an ultrasonic nebuliser. Three groups of New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were studied. Group I (n = 6) was exposed to 10 g PQ/100 ml double-distilled water (DDW), Group II (n = 24) was exposed to 200 mg PQ/100 Ml DDW and a control group (n = 6) was exposed to 100 ml DDW. In a second experiment ten animals (Group III) were exposed to 10 mg PQ/100 ML DDW over a three-month period together with a control group (n = 5). Group I animals died with extensive haemorrhagic pneumonitis 38 hours after the last challenge. Most animals in Group II surviving more than three exposures had a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and an increase (P less than 0.001) in the alveolar-arterial O2 gradient. Specific compliance decreased (P less than 0.005) and functional residual capacity and breathing frequency increased (P less than 0.05). Tissue PQ values showed even pulmonary distribution, with evidence of PQ accumulation after repeated inhalation. The lungs showed focal interstitial fibrosis, interstitial thickening, proliferation of macrophages in the alveoli, epithelioid changes in the interstitium, Type II cell hyperplasia, and foci of acute inflammation with consolidation. Controls and Group III animals were normal. This indicates that repeated inhalation of paraquat aerosol induces dose-related interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis in rabbits.
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PMID:Paraquat lung injury in rabbits. 69 41

A 7-month-old boy with postnatal jaundice was operated upon at the age of 3 months for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with water and electrolyte metabolism disturbances. During induction of anaesthesia cardiorespiratory arrest occurred. The child was resuscitated successfully. After the operation bilateral pneumonia developed. After 3 months of relatively good health signs of increased intracranial pressure developed with high-grade papilloedema. Ventriculography with subdurography demonstrated presence of an extensive subdural hygroma about 2 cm thick. One year after treatment the condition of the child and his development are completely satisfactory.
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PMID:[Case of subdural hygroma]. 71 32

In the lungs of LEWE-Mini-Pigs with aspiration pneumonitis, which was produced by intratracheal application of 0,2 n hydrochloric acid, the following parameters were determined post-mortally: Total phospholipid-, water- and cholesterol content and sphingomyelin-, lecithin-, phosphatidylethanolamine- and phosphatidylserine concentration. Furthermore thin-layer- and gelchromatographic investigations were performed. The water- and the cholesterol content are increased (about 4 respectively 40 percent). The total phospholipid- and the lecithin content are decreased (about 10 respectively 30 percent). The lysolecithin concentration is very low in the lungs. By therapy with bromhexine metabolite VII the water- and cholesterol content are reduced, the total phospholipid- and lecithin content are increased in comparison to the lungs without therapy. In this case the total phospholipid- and lecithin content are raised in the liver simultaneously. The biochemical changes are caused probably by a disorder of the surfactant system of the lung (disturbance of phospholipid-protein-interaction) and impairment of the alveolar epithelial cells typ II (decreased lecithin biosynthesis) in consequence of the action of the hydrochloric acid.
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PMID:[The lipids of the lungs in experimental aspiration pneumonitis (author's transl)]. 72 35

Representatives of Klebsiellae tribe (K. pneumoniae, Ent. cloacae, Ent, aerogenes) were isolated in examination of pharyngeal discharge and feces of members of the polar expedition suffering from diarrhea and their contacts; the same microbes were revealed in the antarctic lake which served as the source of drinking water. The mentioned bacteria possessed typical cultural and morphological, as well as biochemical properties. K34 serovar was determined in serological identification of Kl. pneumonia. At the same time it was demonstrated that Klebsiella--representatives of Enterobacteriaceae could be facultative psychophils and persist in the external environment under low temperature conditions; entering human organism they could cause diarrhea, i.e. could act as pathogens.
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PMID:[Isolation of bacteria of the Klebsiella genus in diarrhea in polar researchers]. 74 13

In the spring of 1975, many species of waterfowl and common crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were found dead in Phelps County, Nebraska. About 25,000 water fowl and at least 3,000 crows died in the epornitic. Few waterfowl were seen dying, but the crows experienced a chronic illness during which they became debilitated and were lethargic and dyspneic. Gross and microscopic lesions in the waterfowl were typical for acute avian cholera. The crows had dark, firm areas within the lungs, loosely adhered yellow fibrous material in the pericardial sac and air sacs and, occasionally, liver abscesses. Microscopically, focal purulent pneumonia was present and a fibrinopurulent exudate overlaid a granulomatous reaction on the heart and lung surfaces. Isolation of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 confirmed the diagnosis of acute and chronic avian cholera in the waterfowl and crows, respectively.
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PMID:An epornitic of avian cholera in waterfowl and common crows in Phelps County, Nebraska, in the spring, 1975. 86 53

Pentamidine is an aromatic diamidino compound synthesized originally for the therapy of trypanosomiasis. The pharmacologic effects of pentamidine vary, depending on its route of administration. In animals, the dominant effects have been a precipitous, transitory drop in blood pressure after injection and renal toxicity following repeated administration. To avoid the possibility of immediate toxic reactions associated with iv administration, we now usually give the drug im to humans. Further interest in pentamidine has been stimulated by its usefulness in the treatment of interstitial pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. In some patients receiving antineoplastic or immunosuppressive therapy who have superimposed P. carinii pneumonia, pentamidine may cause serious renal toxicity. Distribution and excretion studies in animals indicate pentamidine is deposited in tissues, with the greatest concentration in the kidneys, and gradually eliminated over a prolonged period. The mechanism of action of pentamidine against P. carinii or the means whereby fixation in tissues and subsequent toxicity occur have not been elucidated. Recent investigations to help clarify these points indicate that pentamidine inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in all tissues studied both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, pentamidine interacts and forms water-insoluble products with specific nucleotides and nucleic acids.
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PMID:Pharmacologic aspects of pentamidine. 101 18

1. Oral administration of DL-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (EN) (0-04 or 0-2 mmol day-1 kg-1) or DL-alpha-tocopharyl acetate (EA) (0-2 mmol day-1 kh-1) delayed the progress of hypertension in unilaterally nephrectomized rats, which were treated with deoxycorticosterone and salt, and in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) which were given sodium chloride solution. Suppression of body weight gain, incidence of pneumonia and mortality were reduced by treatment with EN or EA. 2. Severe hypertension in old SHR (9 months) further progressed, when drinking water was replaced by sodium chloride solution, and four out of ten of these animals died of cerebral haemorrhage during 4 weeks. The administration of EN or EA prevented the increase in blood pressure and incidence of stroke.
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PMID:Anti-hypertensive action of DL-alpha-tocopharyl esters in rats. 107 97

In attempting to differentiate early-onset Group B streptococcal infection from hyaline-membrane disease we found features of severe Group B infection to be rupture of the membranes for more than 12 hours before delivery (four or eight versus one of nine), gram-positive cocci in the gastric aspirate (four or four versus none of one), apnea and shock in the first 24 hours of life (seven of eight versus none of nine), and the generation of lower peak inspiratory pressures on avolume-cycled respirator (mean of 36.5 +/- 2.8 versus 63.9 +/- 6.2 cm of water; P = 0.005). In eight fatal cases of Group B infection, four patients had radiographic features indistinguishable from hyaline-membrane disease whereas the other cases were consistent with neonatal pneumonia. Seven of the eight infected infants had no histologic evidence of coexisting hyaline-membrane disease. Microscopical features of Group B infection included cocci in unevenly distributed hyaline membranes and minimal atelectasis. Group B streptococcal infection differs clinically and pathologically from hyaline-membrane disease. Differentiating clinical features include early apnea and shock and lower inspiratory pressures on mechanical ventilation.
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PMID:A comparison of early-onset group B steptococcal neonatal infection and the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn. 110 86

We have successfully treated severe pulmonary edema of various etiologies and the concomitant hypoxia in 17 infants and children with continuous positive pressure spontaneous breathing. The pressure used was 8 to 14 cm of water above atmospheric pressure. No significant changes occurred in arterial or central venous blood pressure, and no patient developed clinical evidence of peripheral venous engorgement. Pulmonary edema cleared within 24 hours in all cases. We believe this rapid clearing may differentiate pulmonary edema from pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. The pathophysiology and the roentgenologic findings are presented.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema and continuous positive pressure breathing (CPPB). 110 26


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