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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Selenium concentrations in the serums of 17 acutely ill Legionnaires' disease patients were significantly lower than in their matching convalescent-phase serums. This trend was not observed in ten similarly paired samples of serum from control patients with pneumonia. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of nickel, copper, bromine, rubidium, lead, barium, or titanium in the serums of Legionnaires' disease and control patients.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: concentrations of selenium and other elements. 50 18

Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality in 180 census tracts of Harris County, Texas, were studied using 3 years mortality for 1969--1971. This study was designed to test with a different data base the universality of several study results which have reported significant correlations between heart disease and air pollutants. Air quality data (suspended particulates, benzene solubles, sulfur dioxide, and metals associated with particulates: copper, mercury, manganese, lead, nickel, zinc, chromium, and cadmium) were related to both sex and age adjusted crude death rates, and cause-specific death rates for age cohorts for 7 categories of heart disease, and pneumonia, asthma, cancer, tuberculosis, and accident deaths. The results of the study were in agreement with the findings of the other researchers who used national data. Suspended particulates and cadmium concentrations were found to be correlated (r=.38, .36; P less than .001) with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many other significant correlations are reported but are not cause-specific. Socio-economic indicators were also correlated with IHD, thus confounding the issue. Further work is planned using more sophisticated statistical techniques to disentangle the relative contribution of each of these highly intercorrelated factors. No causality can be assigned at this stage, although this study, with the other cited, points to possible risk factors for IHD which need further evaluation.
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PMID:Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality: Harris County, Texas 1969--1971. 72 89

The article deals with results of morphological and electron-microscopy studies of the lungs in experimental pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats. The disease was reproduced in experiments on 500 animals by means of chronic inhalation of electro-welding copper-containing aerosols, condensations (smokes) which may develop under similar concentrations during electric welding. The lungs were investigated at intervals ranging from several days to two years from the beginning of the experiment, the duration of which was 9 months, the dayly exposure of the animals in inhalation cameras being three hours. The intra-alveolar content was composed of products of accelerated life activity of the cells of the alveolar epithelium as well as of perished phagocytes (proteins, lipids). The degree of manifestation of the process depended upon concentration of aerosol and duration of the experiment. In the zones of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis there were observed thickenings of the basal membranes, sclerosis of interalveolar partitions, slow replacement of perished macrophages by new ones, which were the causes of prolonged resolution of the alveols content. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (lipoproteinosis) should not be considered as a variety of pneumonia or edema of alveols.
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PMID:[The role of several occupational factors in the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (an experimental study)]. 113 Oct 60

Conformational properties of ceruloplasmin were studied immediately in blood serum of healthy volunteers, patients with tuberculosis, with pulmonary cancer, with pneumonia and with Wilson-Konovalov disease. The glycoprotein conformation was found to depend on the volunteer physiological state and/or available pathology. The ceruloplasmin conformation and status of its copper-containing sites of the I type affected the enzyme oxidase properties and hence routine colorimetric procedures require some corrections for estimation of ceruloplasmin concentration and activity in blood serum.
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PMID:[Effect of ceruloplasmin conformation on its activity: significance for clinical analysis]. 166 74

The study comprised 40 children of both sexes aged from 2 to 12 years, 22 suffering from bronchial asthma and 18 suffering from atopic dermatitis. Twenty healthy children of comparable age and sex to the patients were studied as controls. All the children were subjected to full history including dietetic questionnaire, thorough examination, and to estimation of serum IgE, serum ceruloplasmin, and zinc and copper levels in both serum and hairs. The mean concentrations of zinc in serum and hairs were respectively 70.3 +/- 13.2 micrograms/100 ml and 167.5 +/- 23.0 micrograms/gm in asthmatic cases and 65.9 +/- 11.7 micrograms/100 ml and 164.8 +/- 23.6 micrograms/gm in those with atopic dermatitis. These levels were significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased in comparison to the control values (88.4 +/- 11.0 micrograms/100 ml and 194.5 +/- 18.6 micrograms/gm). On the other hand, a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in serum and hairs copper was demonstrated in both allergic groups compared to the controls. Mean copper values were respectively 79.5 +/- 8.06 micrograms/100 ml and 18.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms/gm in the asthmatic cases and 81.4 +/- 8.4 micrograms/100 ml and 17.8 +/- 2.08 micrograms/gm in cases with atopic dermatitis. The control mean concentrations were 67.95 +/- 6.37 micrograms/100 ml and 14.5 +/- 2.53 micrograms/gm respectively. Significant (p less than 0.001) higher levels of serum ceruloplasmin were observed in the allergic patients compared to the controls and were correlated with the hypercupremia. The results were discussed and a good dietetic intake of high biological value protein and zinc supplement was recommended to these patients in order to correct their disturbances especially the hypozincemia which could lead to exaggeration of their allergic conditions. The field of trace elements metabolism has grown rapidly over the past few years, particularly after the development of novel techniques as the atomic absorption spectrophotometry which had allowed the reliable measurements of several trace elements in tissues and so had opened a new field for many researches (Henkin, 1976). Zinc and copper are involved in cell and tissue growth. Zinc plays an important role in DNA and protein synthesis and is intimately involved with copper as cofactors in several important enzyme systems. The effects of many pathological conditions as congestive heart failure, pneumonia, rheumatic heart diseases, bronchitis, recurrent infection, hemolytic anemia, psoriasis, and malnutrition on the levels of serum zinc, copper, and other trace elements have been of interest to investigators for a number of years (Sinha and Gabrieli, 1970; David et al., 1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Zinc and copper status in children with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. 213

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
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PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66

Tissues were examined from 26 male Holstein veal calves given large amounts of dietary zinc. All calves had been fed 706 micrograms zinc/g of milk replacer for 28 days before the first death occurred. Calves died naturally (14, group A) or were euthanatized (12, group B) after 23 days of feeding a lower concentration of zinc (150 micrograms/g). Average amounts of zinc in liver (wet weight) were 345.72 micrograms/g (group A) and 344.84 micrograms/g (group B). Mean kidney zinc concentrations were 219.0 micrograms/g (group A) and 252.38 micrograms/g (group B). Tissue manganese, copper, and iron levels were normal. Changes at necropsy included pneumonia, fluid digesta, and petechiae and infarcts in liver, kidney, and heart (as a result of bacterial infections). Histological changes that were directly attributed to dietary zinc intake were: marked atrophy and necrosis of pancreatic acinar tissue (group A); multifocal fibrosis of pancreatic acini (group B); multifocal renal cortical fibrosis with necrosis in convoluted tubules and loops of Henle, and with intratubular mineralization (groups A and B). Hepatic midzonal mineralization and fibrosis of the adrenal zona glomerulosa were seen in group B calves.
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PMID:A pathologic and toxicologic evaluation of veal calves fed large amounts of zinc. 321 92

Trace elements like copper, zinc, iron and selenium have a significant influence on the function of the immune system. We studied plasma levels of trace elements in 53 patients with acute bacterial and viral infections. In bacterial infections (septicaemia, pneumonia, erysipelas and meningitis) the plasma concentrations of selenium, iron and zinc were decreased. Plasma copper was unchanged in patients with erysipelas, but increased in other types of bacterial infections. Although the patients with viral infections showed similar shifts of the trace elements as were observed in patients with bacterial infections, the changes were not as pronounced. A plasma selenium value below 0.8 mumol/l was found in only 6% of the patients with viral infections in contrast to 63% of the patients with septicaemia or 57% of the patients with pneumonia. Furthermore, in viral infections 60% of the zinc values were below the mean level of 12.8 mumol/l observed in healthy controls as compared with 90% of the values in patients with sepsis or 92% of the values in patients with pneumonia. The onset of change in trace elements occurred within a few days and persisted for several weeks. These changes seem to be non-specific and are independent of the agent causing infection. The different types of infections were followed by changes in most of the plasma proteins which are known to be associated with an inflammatory reaction. The changes in plasma proteins were most pronounced in patients with sepsis and pneumonia. Patients with sepsis having a high degree of inflammation did not show a positive correlation between the severity of the disease--as judged by plasma proteins--and the alterations of trace elements.
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PMID:Trace element alterations in infectious diseases. 321 52

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia was induced in Thoroughbred foals by intranasal challenge with freeze-dried cultures of Rhodococcus equi (previously Corynebacterium equi). The incubation period was about 18 days and clinical signs were not seen for a further week. There were marked seasonal and individual foal differences in responses to infection. Elevations in serum caeruloplasmin oxidase activity and copper concentrations appeared to be sensitive indicators of infection. Serum zinc concentrations and serum alpha-mannosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities fell in the more severely infected foals. Use of trace elements and trace element-related parameters along with faecal culture for R. equi could prove useful for early diagnosis of field cases.
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PMID:Studies of the pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals. 344 76

Six kid goats with CNS disease were studied by a variety of techniques. All had morphological evidence of Viral Leukoencephalomyelitis of Goats. (VLG) characterized by demyelinating encephalomyelitis and pneumonitis. Attempts were made to isolate a virus from 5 of these goats by direct culture of CNS and visceral tissues. Syncytial formation was found in some lung, spleen and bone marrow cultures but syncytia were found to be free of complete virus by electron microscopy. When newborn goats were inoculated with syncytia forming cells, a visna-like virus was found in bone marrow cultures of 1 goat 8 days post inoculation. Bone marrow cells from a twin goat 3 months after inoculation produced syncytia without complete virus. it is suggested that complete virus might be present in goats shortly after infection, while persisting in an incomplete form. Three of the 6 goats studied also had lesions of swayback with diffuse encephalomyelopathy and low liver copper levels. Control copper levels in kids with non-neurological disease were variable, occasionally being as low as swayback animals. The experience of others that swayback in the goat and low copper status are poorly correlated is confirmed. Discrepancies inherent in assaying formalin preserved tissues for copper are described.
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PMID:Studies on viral leukoencephalomyelitis and swayback in goats. 719 9


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