Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
 ...
PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66

Since the discovery of Legionella pneumophila in the late 1970s, this organism and other Legionella sp have been an important cause of pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients. Legionella sp are obligate aerobes that require a source of amino acids, iron, and L-cystine. Growth is enhanced in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C in the presence of charcoal. Legionella sp reside in water supplies and hospital outbreaks associated with contaminated water have been described. Transplant recipients are particularly susceptible to Legionella infection. Legionella pneumonia tends to occur within several weeks after transplantation and frequently coincides with episodes of rejection. A prodrome of influenza-like symptoms is followed by a sometimes "explosive" pneumonia with patchy lobular or interstitial infiltrates on chest radiograph. High fever, abdominal pain, and mental status changes are sometimes seen. Diagnosis is made by examination of respiratory secretions by the direct fluorescent antibody technique or culture of the organism. Intravenous erythromycin is the treatment of choice. Rifampin is added if there is a lack of response. Both erythromycin and rifampin have important and opposite effects on cyclosporine metabolism, which may result, respectively, in increased cyclosporine toxicity or graft loss. Patients who must continue cyclosporine will, therefore, require frequent monitoring of cyclosporine levels.
 ...
PMID:Legionella infection in transplant patients. 218 18

The iron chelator deferoxamine and the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor eflornithine (DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine) were examined for anti-Pneumocystis carinii activity in the rat model of P. carinii pneumonia. The activity of deferoxamine at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg given intraperitoneally provides evidence that iron chelation is a promising novel approach to P. carinii chemotherapy. Results with eflornithine at 2, 3, and 4% in drinking water confirm and extend previously reported activity in the rat model.
 ...
PMID:Deferoxamine and eflornithine (DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine) in a rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 228 3

The hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes were investigated. Blood was collected at slaughter and postmortem examination was performed to select healthy swine and swine with pleuritis, pneumonia or abscesses. In healthy swine, the values of several variables revealed significant differences between gilts, barrows and boars. This was caused predominantly by the values obtained for boars. Inflammatory processes altered the values of most variables investigated, particularly for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and hematocrit, for the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and for concentrations of iron, phosphate, albumin and fibrinogen in plasma. Compared with healthy swine, differences were largest for swine with metastatic abscesses and swine with both abscesses and other pathological lesions; differences were less pronounced in swine with solitary abscesses and were minor in swine with pneumonia and swine with pleuritis. Porcine hematological and clinicochemical profiles reflect the degree of inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes. 230 94

A study was conducted to evaluate factors which might influence the prognosis of persons with pneumonia owing to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity and unbound iron binding capacity (UIBC), were evaluated in 35 such patients. Of the 10 patients with UIBC levels less than 130 micrograms per dl on admission to the hospital, six died, three had complications, and only one recovered uneventfully. Of the 25 surviving patients, 21 (84 percent) had UIBC greater than 130 micrograms per dl on admission. Positive blood cultures were also correlated with survival. However, the strongest prognostic indicator was the combination of UIBC and blood culture results. Only 14 percent of patients with abnormalities in both parameters survived, whereas 80 percent to 88 percent of those with negative blood culture and/or normal UIBC survived. This suggests that insufficient unsaturated transferrin may facilitate bacteremia and contribute to lethality of pneumococcal pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Low levels of unsaturated transferrin as a predictor of survival in pneumococcal pneumonia. 232 29

Over a period of 18 months, 313 patients (mean age 52 years) undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery were included in the autologous transfusion program involving two different Transfusion Centres. A further 10 patients were excluded because of anaemia (haemoglobin levels less than 11 g.dl-1) (n = 3), angina pectoris less than 8 days before (n = 3), patient refusal (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 1), and severe aortic insufficiency (n = 1). A maximum of 5 ml.kg-1 of blood was obtained during the 3 to 4 weeks prior to surgery, one donation being taken a week. In one Transfusion Centre, the blood was taken without tourniquet, and without any fluid replacement. Diuretics and converting enzyme inhibitors were stopped. In the opposite, in the other Centre, blood was taken using a tourniquet, and replaced by a gelatin solution (Plasmion). All the patients were given iron. The blood units were kept by the Transfusion Centres under the same conditions as homologous blood, but in a separate circuit. The 313 patients predeposited a mean of 2.71 units of blood: 4 units where obtained in 59 patients, 3 in 113, 2 in 133 and only 1 in 8. Mean haemoglobin level on starting the program was 14.49 g.dl-1. Neither homologous red cells nor plasma was administered in 176 patients (56.23%); among the 172 patients who predeposited 3 or 4 units, 123 (71.5%) were given their own blood only. Intraoperative blood salvage was used in 189 out of 313 patients (60.4%), and intraoperative haemodilution with albumin was used in 173 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Tolerance and efficacy of delayed autologous transfusion in cardiovascular surgery]. 233 Oct 83

Iron plays a central role in bacterial infections, influencing both bacterial virulence and host cellular defense mechanisms. We investigated whether iron chelation might be of benefit in the treatment of pneumonic pasteurellosis of calves. Neutrophils obtained from calves previously treated with the iron chelator, deferoxamine, were studied for their responses to latex and opsonized zymosan by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and to phorbol myristate acetate and opsonized zymosan by superoxide generation. Treatment with deferoxamine in vivo failed to influence these in vitro measures of neutrophil oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, iron depletion with deferoxamine failed to modify the pathophysiological derangements that occurred in calves following experimental induction of pneumonia by intratracheal inoculation with Pasteurella haemolytica. These data indicate that iron chelation using deferoxamine cannot be recommended as an adjunct to conventional therapy in the treatment of pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle.
 ...
PMID:Effect of deferoxamine pretreatment on acute pneumonic pasteurellosis and neutrophil oxidative metabolism in calves. 235 59

The clinical course is described of Salmonella infections in 228 infants. The infection was associated, most frequently, with diarrhoea (with admixture of blood in stools in 57.2% of cases). In infants in the first 3 months of life the course of the disease was more serious, with evidence of toxic organ damage and prolonged diarrhoea. Salmonella infection was often associated with pneumonia or bronchitis (36.8%), urinary tract infection (29.8%), otitis media (22.8%). Iron-deficiency anaemia was present in three-fourths of children. In 35% of the infected children with Salmonella infection decreased level of gamma-globulins was found.
 ...
PMID:[Salmonella infections in infants hospitalized in the years 1979-1983]. 236 5

It has been proposed that the pneumonitis and subsequent lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin occurs when bleomycin is complexed with ferrous iron and oxygen. In order to see whether chelation of free iron reduced tissue damage induced by intratracheal bleomycin, deferoxamine (DFO) was administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion to overcome its rapid renal excretion. Thirty-three rats received DFO and 30 rats received an equivalent volume of saline by 7-day infusion pumps. Three days after commencement of infusion, half of each group received intratracheal bleomycin, the remainder received intratracheal saline. Three weeks after intratracheal injection, the rats were killed and their lungs were removed for histologic and morphometric assessment and collagen estimation. When compared with animals given intratracheal saline, both bleomycin-treated groups had significant evidence of lung toxicity, but DFO was not protective. Similarly, DFO infusion did not reduce the elevation in collagen concentration (bleomycin/saline, 49 +/- 3.6; bleomycin/DFO, 49.8 +/- 4.1; saline/saline, 39.6 +/- 3.9; saline/DFO, 43.4 +/- 3.8 mg.g-1 wet lung weight) or total lung collagen (bleomycin/saline, 29.9 +/- 6.3; bleomycin/DFO, 33.7 +/- 1.8; saline/saline, 15.5 +/- 2.2; saline/DFO, 17.8 +/- 1.9 mg.left lung-1) induced by bleomycin. This lack of effect was not due to iron contamination of the DFO in the pump or to loss of chelation capacity of DFO, at least for as long as 6 days after pump implantation. No DFO was detected in homogenized lung tissue (limits of detection of assay was 8 x 10(-5) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Deferoxamine infusion does not inhibit bleomycin-induced lung damage in the rat. 246 74

In a random screening of camel diseases in Somalia dust-laden macrophages in lungs and/or bronchial lymph nodes were discovered in 94 of 134 animals. In 44 cases the dust-laden macrophages occurred in a number of small or large aggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between dust-laden macrophage aggregates in the lungs and pulmonary fibrosis not related to other chronic lung diseases, such as echinococcosis and chronic pneumonia. Six cases showed a cellular reaction and hyalinized nodules of the classic silicotic type. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the dust particles revealed presence of silica, aluminium, potassium and iron in that order. The possible clinical significance as well as the comparative pathology of the observations is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Silicate pneumoconiosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius L.). 251 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>