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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent epidemiological surveys have demonstrated the association between malnutrition and infectious diseases. Parasitic infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, hepatitis and tuberculosis are more frequent and most serious in undernourished people and in infants with low birth weight. Data suggest an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in individuals with protein-energy malnutrition and with iron-deficiency anemia; circulating lymphocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are also reduced in cases of malnutrition. Due to impaired immunological response, the effectiveness of prophilactic vaccination is doubtful in undernourished people; there have been, for example, reports of geographical variations in the response of children to polio virus vaccine. A whole series of strategies must be taken into consideration to break the vicious circle of malnutrition-infection; some of these are: breastfeeding; an improved schedule of vaccinations; nutritional supplement, especially for hospitalized patients; and prevention of low birth weight.
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PMID:Nutritional deficiency and susceptibility to infection. 10 17

The first Scandinavian cases of Zellweger syndrome (ZS) are described. A brother and sister, children of first cousins, had the typical clinical symptoms and pathological findings. Extensive metabolic studies in the boy were negative. Pipecolic acid in the urine was not elevated. Both children died at 14 weeks of age. Two months earlier the girl had suffered severe intestinal bleeding. Both had pneumocystic carinii pneumonia at autopsy although no evidence of immune deficiency had been found in the boy. The girl had used up her visible iron depots while the boy still had abundant but probably physiologic amounts of hemosiderin in the RES. Most of the cerebral abnormalities are unspecfic and possibly related to anoxia or other causes of delayed maturation. The white matter abnormalities in ZS patients may only be quantitatively different from the common "fatty metamorphosis" in infants. Previously reported ultrastructural abnormalities (absence of peroxisomes and very sparse smooth endoplasmic reticulum, as well as mitochondrial abnormalities) which are possibly unique for ZS, are confirmed. It is stressed that these were seen despite phenobarbital treatment which normally stimulates the formation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:The Zellweger syndrome: subcellular pathology, neuropathology, and the demonstration of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in two siblings. 30 90

Special physical examinations were made in order to find out the actual status of damages to health that had broken out in a factory collecting V2O5 from iron sand; and the following results were found: 1. Pharyngitis and bronchitis were found in 25% of the workers exposed to vanadium, but neither pneumonia nor hepatitis was observed. 2. Among the subjective and objective symptoms, respiratory irritation and discoloration of the tongue were frequent. 3. Black spot-like pigmentations gathering in a zonal form 1-2 mm wide in the transitional part and oral mucosa of the upper lip were found. Prevalence rate of this sign was 14.3% in the workers exposed to vanadium. 4. The mean valus of total serum protein and the serum cholesterol in the exposed workers were lower than those in the controls. The difference in the values between both groups is statistically significant. 5. Both the mean values of vanadium concentrations in vurine and its creatinine ratios in the exposed workers were twice to three times those in the controls; however, these parameters decreased to about one third in two months by improving the health and environmental control-measures. 6. Draft items to be checked in special physical examinations of workers handling vanadium have been proposed.
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PMID:[Results of the special physical examination of workers in a vanadium plant (author's transl)]. 47 Feb 10

Calves in a longitudinal investigation over the first rearing period in a rearing farm were grouped according to their anaemic status under consideration of the degree of severity and the duration on the basis of the hemoglobin contents resp. the hematocrit values on the 3rd, 28th and 56th rearing day. There were significant differences between the groups of calves with differing anaemia status concerning the absolute and relative feed consumption (milk, concentrated feed, hay resp. iron), the development of the live weight as well as the frequency of the treatment against pneumonia and/or diarrhoea.
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PMID:[Anemia of male rearing calves. Connections between anemia and feed consumption, development of the live weight and disease development]. 54 83

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes pneumonia in pigs. The effect of infection by this organism on histochemical characteristics of airway mucin within epithelial cells was studied. Seven- to 10-week-old pigs were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae or culture broth, and lung tissues were collected from inoculated and control pigs at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after inoculation. Tissue sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff/Alcian blue, pH 2.5 or high iron diamine/Alcian blue. Histologic features of randomly selected bronchi, bronchioles, and submucosal glands were compared in sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff/Alcian blue. Bronchial goblet cell sulfomucin and sialomucin were quantitated by image analysis of sections stained with high iron diamine/Alcian blue. Bronchi and bronchioles of infected pigs contained proportionately fewer goblet cells with mucin at all stages of infection than age-matched control pigs. Goblet cells in bronchi of infected pigs contained significantly less total mucin and sialomucin, and significantly more sulfomucin than goblet cells of control pigs. Increased sulfated mucin in bronchial goblet cells may reflect altered glycoprotein production or secretion in response to infection with M hyopneumoniae.
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PMID:Histochemical and morphologic changes of porcine airway epithelial cells in response to infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. 141 80

Swaziland is a kingdom with 800,000 inhabitants bordering on Mozambique and South Africa with about 50% of the population under 15 years of age. The experience of a nurse in a small clinic in the course of several years is recounted. Swaziland ranks 3rd in the world in alcohol abuse which often leads to wounds requiring suturing. Penicillin is given prophylactically with a paracetamol preparation for analgesia. As a rule, every injured person will get a .5 ml tetanus injection for prophylaxis. The most serious conditions of polyclinic patients are hepatitis, bilharzia, diarrhea, pellagra, pneumonia, and malnutrition. A great number of patients have sexually transmitted diseases, and the rate of AIDS infection is not known. According to 1 study 60-80% of the population in reproductive age will die of AIDS in the course of a 5-year period. The majority of people are impervious to counseling about their sexual behavior in spite of educational programs on the radio, in schools, and in work places. Condoms are not popular, since they are not considered manly. Pregnant women receive iron and multivitamin tablets in the course of pregnancy. Many pregnant women are anemic, and 70% give birth at home, the rest in a hospital or clinic. During delivery they get no analgesia, and there are few complications. The average weight of the newborn is 3.5 kg, although none of the women are under 150 cm. A little after birth all children are vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and polio, later with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and measles.
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PMID:[Nursing under a different sky. Swaziland]. 146 29

A short-term bioassay has been developed to assess pulmonary toxicity and predict pathological effects in animals exposed to aerosolized particulates. To test the reliability and predictive value of our bioassay, we have exposed rats to 2 materials with different biological activities. Rats were exposed for 1 or 3 days to selected concentrations of crystalline silica (a known fibrogenic dust), or to carbonyl iron (CI) particles (a material with activity reputedly similar to nuisance dusts). Pulmonary cells and tissues were evaluated at several time points after exposure. In a companion manuscript we reported that brief exposures of silica produced a sustained pulmonary inflammatory response, characterized by increases in biochemical indicators, whereas no significant effects were measured in CI-exposed animals. In the current study, our results showed that although deposition patterns for the 2 dusts were similar (i.e., at alveolar duct bifurcations), brief doses of silica produced a sustained granulocytic inflammatory response at the sites of particle deposition, while CI particles were phagocytized and cleared from the lung by normal pulmonary macrophage mechanisms which included transport via the airway mucociliary escalator. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of silica-exposed lung tissue revealed a chronically active pulmonary inflammatory response characterized by hyperplasia of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the infiltration of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils into interstitial tissues and alveoli. The lesions were progressive leading to a granulomatous pneumonitis within 2 months postexposure. In contrast to the alterations in pulmonary tissues produced by silica, no CI-related lesions were detected at any time postexposure. The results justify the utility of this bioassay as a reliable approach to evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates.
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PMID:Physiological and pathophysiological pulmonary responses to inhaled nuisance-like or fibrogenic dusts. 166 Nov 8

A case of I-cell disease is reported. The patient suffered from several episodes of pneumonia, and died of pneumonia at 12 months of age. Tissue specimens obtained at autopsy were stained with colloidal iron to demonstrate acid mucopolysaccharides. Characteristic foamy changes were observed in organs such as the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen and brain. An interesting finding in this case was that not only the interstitial cells but the alveolar epithelium in the lung showed the same foamy changes. The major causes of death of patients with I-cell disease are congestive heart failure and recurrent respiratory infections. However, there have been few reports on the histological changes in the lungs, and none have described the changes in the alveolar epithelium. Further cases must be investigated to examine the pathological relation between the histological changes in the lungs and the cause of death, because recurrent respiratory infections are the major contributor to death in patients with I-cell disease.
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PMID:A case of I-cell disease. 170 8

Two clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine pneumonia were examined for iron acquisition. Both isolates were capable of obtaining iron for growth from bovine but not from human, avian, equine or porcine transferrin. This correlated with specific binding of bovine transferrin by iron-limited cells or isolated membranes. No siderophore was detected in the strains by a general screening assay. In response to iron-limited conditions, a number of high molecular mass iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were produced including an 82 kDa receptor protein which was affinity isolated with biotinylated transferrin. In contrast, avian strains of P. multocida could not use transferrin-bound for growth and did not express either transferrin binding activity or the 82 kDa receptor protein.
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PMID:Evidence for non-siderophore-mediated acquisition of transferrin-bound iron by Pasteurella multocida. 183 48

Total gastrectomy is rarely indicated in childhood and when necessary it involves multiple ulterior therapeutic problems, mainly nutritional, which need a meticulous physiological approach to avoid further complications, as illustrated by the following patient who, at age 15 months, was submitted to total gastric resection, Y en Roux esophagojejunal anastomosis and splenectomy, because of peritonitis secondary to dehiscence of a recent esophagogastric anastomosis for partial gastric resection due to gastric volvulus and necrosis, which in turn were associated to diaphragmatic relaxation. The patient was admitted to our hospital one month later with signs of acute calorie-protein malnutrition (W/A 60% and W/H 68%, NCHS standards) requiring combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support (via central venous catheter and jejunostomy tube for 15 and 35 days respectively) together with intramuscular vitamin B 12, oral iron and oral vitamin supplements before it became possible to fed him only by mouth. Prophylaxis against Streptococcus pneumonia infections with monthly benzatin penicillin was also instituted. Mean daily weight increases of 16 g, W/A 68% and W/H 74% were thus achieved before hospital discharge, without evidence of dumping syndrome nor alkaline reflux.
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PMID:[Total gastrectomy in newborn infant]. 184 27


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