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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the period 1973/74-1983 a prospective observation was carried out on 4591 out-patients (2095 males and 2496 females) aged 18-68, with predominantly non-insulin treated diabetes of 1-10 years' duration. During the ten years period over a third of initial cohort died. Age-standardized mortality rate was twice that for the general population of Warsaw for the median year 1978. The risk of death rose with decreasing age, especially in females. The most frequent causes of death were cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease, standardized mortality ratios amounting to 2.7 and 2.4 respectively. Among diabetic cohort the risk of death was also higher for nephritis, nephrosis, cirrhosis of the liver and pneumonia. No excess death rate could be found for tuberculosis, malignant neoplasms, and diabetes itself. Diabetic patients were less frequently exposed to accidental deaths than the general population of Warsaw. The mortality diabetic patients in Warsaw was similar to that seen in most of the developed countries with the exception of the higher mortality due to cirrhosis of the liver and smaller due to accident, trauma and poisoning.
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PMID:[Mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus in Warsaw--a 10-year prospective study]. 262 53

A follow-up of 92 patients with diabetes mellitus, who were hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bergen, during the years 1950-63, was conducted in June 1986. The mean age of the 76 living patients was 38 years, and the mean duration of diabetes 30 years. Sixteen patients had died. According to the death certificates the causes of death were as follows: Myocardial infarction, uremia, pneumonia, diabetes not further specified, suicide, sudden death not further specified, ketoacidosis, accident to the head, and convulsions (epilepsy). The 39 patients living in the county of Hordaland (including Bergen) were invited to a clinical examination. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 37 years, mean duration of diabetes 29 years) accepted. In eleven, the disease had influenced the choice of occupation. Twelve experienced professional difficulties due to diabetes, and thirteen had major complaints due to the disease. Three used antianginal drugs, and a further three were receiving antihypertensive treatment. Four women had hypothyreosis. Twelve had proteinuria or pathologic microalbuminuria. Only two of 27 patients examined by means of fluorescein-angiography showed no retinopathy. Evidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was observed in ten patients. Since only three patients had used fast-acting insulin regularly during the last ten years, it should be possible to give patients with type 1 diabetes better treatment in the future.
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PMID:[Prognosis of diabetes mellitus type 1. A follow-up study]. 273 38

To evaluate the prognosis and prognostic factors of chronic pancreatitis, 84 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and 51 with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis have been followed for 1-21 years (average of 7.1 years). The follow-up period was defined as the period from diagnosis to death in those who died and to the present in those still alive. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly higher mortality rate (26.2%) and cancer death rate (8.3%) than the age- and sex-matched population. In patients with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance, although both rates tended to be higher. (2) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis. (3) Frequent causes of death in chronic pancreatitis were cancer (11 cases) and diabetes-associated conditions (renal failure in three cases, intractable pneumonia in one, hypoglycemic shock in two, and myocardial infarction in two). Death directly from pancreatitis was observed in four. (4) Unfavorable prognostic factors in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis included heavy drinking, continuance of drinking after diagnosis, smoking, insulin-dependent diabetes, and an advanced age. In nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, patients' age was the only significant prognostic factor; smoking did not reach the level of statistical significance, although it tended to lead to a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:Prognosis and prognostic factors in chronic pancreatitis. 292 Jun 51

Eighty-one insulin-dependent diabetic (19.7%) and 330 non-diabetic patients (80.3%) underwent renal transplantation between September 1977 and September 1981. Preoperatively, the diabetics had a higher incidence of ST-T-changes in ECG (62.2 vs. 39.8%) (p less than 0.001) as well as pulmonary congestion (14.5 vs. 5.2%) (p less than 0.05) and pleural effusion (10.1 vs. 4.5%) in chest X-rays than non-diabetic patients. The incidences of marked blood pressure changes and cardiac arrhythmias during anaesthesia did not differ between the groups, nor did the incidences of ischaemic heart attacks, pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis in the chest X-rays during the first postoperative week. Diabetic patients had higher mortality during the first postoperative month (6/81; 7.4% vs. 4/330; 1.2%) (p less than 0.01) than non-diabetic patients.
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PMID:Operative and postoperative non-surgical complications in diabetic patients undergoing renal transplantation. 329 Oct 91

A patient treated with disopyramide presented with hypoglycaemia, a raised serum insulin level and died of pneumonia. From these findings and a review of 10 case reports, we propose that disopyramide causes hypoglycaemia by stimulation of insulin release as described for the antimalarial drugs quinine and quinidine.
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PMID:Disopyramide-induced hypoglycaemia and increased serum insulin. 333 May 86

An 11-year-old boy developed influenza with glucosuria. An oral glucose test performed during the infection revealed values within the diabetic range. Type 1 diabetes was wrongly diagnosed and insulin therapy initiated. A 19-year-old overweight adolescent developed pneumonia with hyperglycemia but without polydipsia or polyuria. Further investigation revealed incipient type 1 diabetes. As insulin therapy was not initiated the diabetes rapidly decompensated. It is recommended that further investigations be conducted in patients with hyperglycemia following infections.
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PMID:[Diabetes or hyperglycemia?]. 335 3

The birth and fate of 818 lambs born to 571 ewes on a low-ground farm in the Scottish Borders with a history of substantial perinatal mortality were monitored with a range of physiological, biochemical and pathological measurements. In lambs which survived, the rectal temperature, birthweight and plasma concentrations of fructose, insulin, thyroxine and the third component of complement at birth, and the weight at four months of age, decreased with litter size. One hundred and thirty-seven lambs were stillborn or died within four days and seven others died later. The mothers of 77 per cent of these lambs had low condition scores, but the lamb deaths did not correlate significantly with the condition scores. From data relating to birthweight, temperature, packed cell volume and plasma composition it was deduced that placental insufficiency was involved in 24 per cent of these deaths; acute hypoxaemia at birth accounted for 35 per cent, inadequate thermogenesis for 12 per cent and starvation for 13 per cent. The remaining 16 per cent of dead lambs could not be assigned to any of these categories. Using only clinicopathological criteria, 37 per cent of the lamb deaths were attributed to antenatal influences which included immaturity, developmental anomalies, and degenerative or inflammatory changes. Thirty-three per cent of the deaths were due to post natal factors which included, in declining order of frequency, starvation, enteritis, misadventure, pneumonia, navel infections and septicaemia. No conclusions could be drawn from the pathological examinations alone in the remaining 30 per cent, although almost half of these had low rectal temperatures after birth, death being attributed to hypothermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical and pathological study of perinatal lambs in a commercial flock. 359 May 87

A 55-year-old woman with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus controlled with insulin was admitted under the Medical Unit to the Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, on 27 December 1981, with a history of diarrhoea and anorexia of several weeks' duration. Prior to admission she had complained of a cough and her condition had been deteriorating rapidly for two days. On admission she had signs of pneumonia and this was confirmed on chest X-ray which showed diffuse shadowing on the right. The patient was placed on antibiotics, but her condition worsened over the next 24 hours and she suffered a respiratory arrest from which she was, however, successfully resuscitated. Subsequent to this event she was transferred to the Intensive Therapy Unit. Here her condition continued to deteriorate, with bilateral pneumonic changes and an uncertain degree of cerebral damage. On 7 January 1982, the E.N.T. Department was approached with a view to performing a tracheostomy in view of the need for prolonged ventilation. The patient was noted to be clinically myxoedematous and thyroid function tests confirmed this with a free thyroxine level of 0.4 pmol./litre. Other thyroid function tests were: Total T4-2 nmol./l.; TBG-216 nmol./l.; T3U-107; FTI-2. The ESR was 54 mm. in the first hour.
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PMID:Riedel's thyroiditis discovered at tracheostomy. 396 81

In an effort to study whether previous data obtained from animal studies showing decreased blood ketone body concentration and suggesting a shut-off of ketone body production in acute infection are valid also for man, 14 previously healthy patients, suffering from pyelonephritis, pneumonia, serous meningitis or upper respiratory tract infection were investigated. There were great interindividual differences in the ketone body response, which seems to be insulin dependent. The results indicate that in man there is probably no general inhibition of ketone body production in the liver in acute infection.
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PMID:Great interindividual insulin dependent variation in ketone body metabolism in human infection. 636 81

We have reviewed ten children who underwent surgical therapy for persistent neonatal hypoglycemia over a 5-year period. All had inappropriately high insulin levels in the face of hypoglycemia, and all failed medical management with intravenous glucose, frequent feeds, diazoxide and glucagon. Two groups of five patients each were analysed retrospectively. Group 1 underwent 95% pancreatectomy, leaving a small amount of pancreatic tissue on the duodenum and common bile duct. The only major complication in this group was in one patient with common duct obstruction requiring choledochoduodenostomy. All these children are developing normally, without diabetes, steatorrhea, or recurrent hypoglycemia. Group 2 underwent 85% pancreatectomy, leaving the uncinate process in situ. Two of these children are well. Two required conversion to 95% resection because of recurrent hypoglycemia; one of these required a subsequent total pancreatectomy, at which time the pancreatic remnant had significantly regenerated. The other Group II patient was normoglycemic but died at age 3 from pneumonia. Pathology in nine cases showed islet cell dysplasia; 5 of these also had microadenomatosis. One case had a histologically normal pancreas. We conclude that 95% pancreatectomy is a safe operation with a lower failure rate than less radical resections, and should be used early in the management of this condition.
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PMID:Surgical management of persistent neonatal hypoglycemia due to islet cell dysplasia. 639 33


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