Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was evaluated for absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum CZX concentrations were determined in 8 neonates or premature infants who were not more than 6 days old. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 6 neonates and/or premature infants after intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg body weight. Average concentration at 1/2, 2, 4 and 6 hours after administration were 52.3, 36.4, 26.7 and 16.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Serum concentrations in the other 2 infants who were given 29.7 and 25.1 mg/kg, were as high as 71 and 94 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour and 22.1 and 39 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, respectively. Serum half-lives in 5 of the 6 mature neonates ranged from 2.36 to 3.34 hours, with averaged 2.75 hours, but was exceptionally long, 7.92 hours, in the other one. Half-lives in the 2 premature infants were 4.14 and 4.90 hours. 2. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infection was evaluated for 10 newborn infants. Intravenous doses of 16.9 to 24.6 mg/kg were given in b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen to 4 cases with pneumonia and 2 with septicemia, urinary tract infection and fetal infection each. To 1 infant with septicemia complicated with cephalohematoma, higher doses ranged from 21.8 to 49.8 mg/kg were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in 3, "Good" in 6, and "Poor" in 1, with an efficacy rate of 90.0%. Eradication of bacteria was complete in 2 infants each with Escherichia coli-induced septicemia or urinary tract infection. 3. For prophylactic use, the drug was given to 8 newborn infants in intravenous doses of 17.5 to 29.1 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. and no infection occurred in 7 cases. 4. No adverse reactions were obtained. Slight and transient increases in platelet count, GOT and GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in another were observed. 5. These results suggested that CZX in an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen in newborn infants up to 7 days of age would be effective and safe for the treatment of neonatal bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in neonates and premature infants]. 317 67

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa. The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 386 81

Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. The Cmax, 4.8 to 9.5 micrograms/ml, was obtained 15 to 30 minutes after administration of CZX-S, and the serum half-life was 0.93 hour. Cross-over comparison with intramuscular CZX in a child showed approximately one-third bioavailability of the suppository against intramuscular injection. CZX-S was effective in all the 26 bacterial infections including acute pharyngitis, pneumonia, soft tissue infection, and urinary tract infections. The causative organisms were eradicated in 95%. Mild diarrhea (17%) was the only side effect observed in the study. The data suggest that CZX-S is an excellent alternative to oral and injectable antibiotics for the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial infections due to the susceptible organisms.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of ceftizoxime suppositories in children]. 386 79

Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was given to 6 patients, with the following results. The peak serum concentration of CZX was 1.8-7.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after dosing of CZX-S with 9.6-16.7 mg/kg. The antibacterial activity of CZX revealed that the drug can be expected to be effective sufficiently. The overall effect of CZX-S was "markedly improved" in 1 and "moderately improved" in 3 of the 4 patients with pneumonia and "markedly improved" in 1 and "slightly improved" in 1 of the 2 with UTI. CZX-S caused a slight increase in frequency of defecation in 2 of the 6 patients. There were no abnormal findings of symptoms or laboratory test values which were ascribable to side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation of ceftizoxime sodium suppositories in pediatric infections]. 390 30

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases]. 609 Jul 23

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 2

Fundamental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on ceftizoxime were carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. In 4 children age from 3 years to 5 years, the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ceftizoxime in a dose of 20 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion over 60 minutes were measured. The peak serum levels were 22.0--84.0 microgram/ml (mean 45.0 microgram/ml) at the end of infusion. The mean serum levels after the end of infusion were 16.9 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 12.1 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 6.2 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 1.6 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.6 microgram/ml at 6 hours, with mean serum half-life (T 1/2) of 1.03 hours, mean urinary recovery rate was 64.9% up to 6 hours. 2. Concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 patient with purulent meningitis at 30 minutes after an intravenous drip infusion of about 33.3 mg/kg were 0.2 to 1.5 microgram/ml, which were 8 to 60 times higher than the MICs of the causative organisms. 3. Ceftizoxime was administered to 38 children with pneumonia, bronchitis, Salmonella enteritis, purulent meningitis, etc. in the daily dose of 44--200 mg/kg for 3--19 days. Clinical response was excellent in 24, good in 12, poor in 1 and unknown in 1. The drug was proved to be very effective in 1 case of purulent meningitis due to H. influenzae. As for side effect, eruption was observed in only 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatric field on ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 12

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 13

Ceftizoxime is an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that inhibits a wide variety of aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml as are streptococcal species with the exception of Streptococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus aureus are inhibited by 3-8 micrograms/ml, while methicillin-resistant. aureus are resistant. Bacteroides fragilis are inhibited by 16-64 micrograms/ml. It inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa at usually achievable concentrations. Ceftizoxime is overall similar in antibacterial activity to cefotaxime and moxalactam. Ceftizoxime is not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. Serum levels of ceftizoxime after intramuscular and intravenous injection are similar to those of cefotaxime and moxalactam. The half-life is 1.6 to 1.9 hours in normal individuals. The compound is not metabolized and is cleared from the body by glomerular filtration. Ceftizoxime enters most body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, to produce therapeutic concentrations against clinically important bacteria. Ceftizoxime accumulates in the presence of renal failure, but it is removed from the body by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Ceftizoxime has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent when used as treatment for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, peritonitis, gonorrhea, including penicillinase-producing isolates, and gynecological infections. No major adverse reactions have been associated with the use of ceftizoxime and it has produced neither disulfram -like reactions nor bleeding.
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PMID:Ceftizoxime: a beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinical use. 632 62

The serum bactericidal activities of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against organisms commonly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias were studied. Ceftizoxime 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 12 hours for two doses and ceftriaxone 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 24 hours for two doses were administered to 20 healthy volunteers in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 2,4,6,8,10, and 12 hours after the second ceftizoxime dose and immediately before and 8,12,16,18,20, and 24 hours after the second ceftriaxone dose. Serum drug concentrations were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum bactericidal titers were determined in duplicate for each serum sample against four clinical isolates of each of the following organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens. The median duration of serum bactericidal activity during the dosage interval was significantly different between antimicrobial regimens only for S. pneumoniae (92% of the dosage interval for ceftizoxime, versus 100% for ceftriaxone). This difference does not appear to be clinically important since ceftizoxime provides adequate serum bactericidal activity for more than 50% of the dosage interval and its effectiveness against pneumococcal pneumonia has been supported in clinical trials. The ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime regimens did not differ significantly in their duration of serum bactericidal activity against six of the seven organisms tested.
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PMID:Serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against pathogens associated with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. 874 64


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