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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In comparative studies made in patients with pneumonia we have treated 14 cases with Latamoxef and 16 cases with Ceftazidime. We have focused attention on the side effects of these drugs and on the phagocytic capacity of granulocytes. In our patients we have noted a decrease of bactericidal activity of plasma and granulocytes and an elevated NBT reduction capability of resting granulocytes. The other tested function of the granulocytes exhibited only small variations. The applied therapy caused the bactericidal activity to be increased in granulocytes and plasma. Both drugs had no harmful effect on the phagocytic activities of granulocytes.
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PMID:Does ceftazidime or latamoxef affect the phagocytic capabilities of human granulocytes? 244 13

In comparative studies made in patients with pneumonia we have treated 14 cases with Latamoxef and 16 cases with Ceftazidime. We have concentrated our attention on the side effects of these drugs on hemostasis. In 8 patients treated with Latamoxef we have found a prolongation bleeding time, moderate hypoprothrombinemia, thrombocytopenia and nearly no normalization of APTT and plasma euglobulin fibrinolysis. In one patient treated with Ceftazidime only slight effect of this drug on hemostasis was observed. Crucial reason for coagulopathy is probably due to impaired synthesis of vitamin K by diminished gut flora conditioned by antibiotics treatment. In the case of Ceftazidime mentioned there seem to be minimal side effects.
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PMID:Changes in some hemostatic parameters in patients with infections treated with ceftazidime and latamoxef. 244 14

Ten critically ill patients presenting with nosocomial infection caused by Serratia marcescens (SM) not responding to prior chemotherapy were treated in an open study with Moxalactam (MOX) alone [6] or in combination with an aminoglycoside [4]. In initial disc diffusion tests, all isolates of SM were highly susceptible to MOX. Clinically, three patients were cured and four improved. Three patients died: one from SM pneumonia, one from gangrenous cholecystitis and another from ARDS. Bacteriologically, SM were eliminated from blood cultures in all seven patients with septicemia but were recovered post mortem from the lung of one patient. In three cases with localized infection, SM were eliminated once and persisted twice. Selection of resistant SM was observed in three patients but became clinically relevant in one case only. Resistant SM strains also showed reduced susceptibility to other cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Emergence of enterococci occurred four times, in two cases with clinical consequences. MOX is a useful drug for the treatment of SM infections, but a definite risk of selecting multiresistant SM strains and of enterococcal overgrowth must be kept in mind.
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PMID:Moxalactam in nosocomial infections with Serratia marcescens. 390 Jan 66

Sixty-seven patients were treated with moxalactam in a noncomparative trial of hospitalized patients; 32 had endometritis or chorioamnionitis, 12 had skin and soft tissue infections, 5 had osteomyelitis, 5 had pneumonia, 5 had urinary tract infections, 4 had arthritis, 2 had sepsis from an unknown source, 1 had endocarditis, and 1 had peritonitis. Bacteremia was present in 12 of these patients. Patients were given 3 to 12 g of moxalactam per day (mean, 6.24 g/day) in divided doses every 6 to 8 h. Seven patients were given intramuscular treatment for 3 to 20 days for part or all of their therapy. The rest were given intravenous treatment exclusively. Treatment was continued for 2 to 42 days (mean, 10 days). The dose and the duration of therapy were determined by the type of infection and the response of each patient. There were four treatment failures and one enterococcal-clostridial superinfection. Moxalactam was well tolerated. Allergic reactions led to the discontinuation of the antibiotic in three patients. Prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were observed in 2 of 11 patients tested; in both instances in patients had severe underlying diseases, including malnutrition and alcoholism. Pain on intramuscular injection was noted in two patients receiving 1,500 mg, but not in five receiving a lower dose; in one case the pain forced the use of intravenous therapy after one dose, and in the other case the pain was mild and the patient was treated for 20 days. We concluded that moxalactam was effective in the treatment of the types of infections included in this study and produced few adverse reactions.
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PMID:Moxalactam in the therapy of serious infections. 621 Nov 40

Moxalactam was studied in a prospective randomized clinical trial in 97 hospitalized patients suspected of having infection caused by moxalactam-susceptible bacteria. Seventy-eight of the 97 patients had clinical and/or bacteriologic evidence of infection, including pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and fever in neutropenic patients. Patients in the control group received antibiotics deemed appropriate by the attending physicians, whereas the moxalactam-treated group received only the study drug. Successful treatment was defined as the resolution of illness sufficient to allow discontinuation of parenteral antibiotic therapy. No significant difference was seen in efficacy with 33 (86.8%) of 38 patients in the moxalactam-treated group and 32 (80%) of 40 in the control group treated successfully (P greater than 0.20). The mean number of febrile days was significantly less in the moxalactam-treated group than in the control group (P less than 0.05). Renal toxicity occurred more frequently in the control group (P = 0.036). Fungal superinfection developed in two patients in the control group and in one in the moxalactam-treated group. An enterococcal superinfection of the bloodstream developed in one patient treated with moxalactam. Thus moxalactam appears to be comparable in efficacy to combinations of antibiotics in the treatment of selected seriously ill patients and may have less renal toxicity.
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PMID:Moxalactam therapy vs. standard antimicrobial therapy for selected serious infections. 621 77

Moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic was evaluated in the treatment of 21 pediatric patients including 16 with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia and 5 with urinary tract infection (UTI). Clinical and radiological resolution of pneumonia occurred in all. Bacteriological efficacy in pneumonia, however, was assessed in only 1 patient whose blood culture grew H. influenzae type b. In patients with UTI, the therapy was successful, bacteriologically as well as clinically. The only side effects observed were mild transient elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase in 6 cases. The peak and trough levels of the drug were manyfold higher than the known minimum inhibitory concentrations of common pathogens. The mean t1/2 projected of 95 and 124 min with intravenous and intramuscular route, respectively, were similar to those reported in adults.
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PMID:Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of moxalactam in infants and children. 621 71

Forty-three patients admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with latamoxef (moxalactam) twice daily intramuscularly for 10 days. Five patients received 0.5 g injections, 23 patients 1 g and 15 patients were given 2 g. Three patients dropped out of the study; one died suddenly, one was treated with another antibiotic because of suspected Gram-negative pneumonia and one developed pneumococcal septicaemia after the active treatment course. Most strains of Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis were successfully eradicated but, by day 17, there were 7 patients with reinfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Latamoxef MIC values for Str. pneumoniae varied from 0.03 to 2 g mg/1, but most were in the region of 1 mg/1. Sputum concentrations reached approximately 1.5 mg/1 on the highest dosage but only 0.25 to 1 mg/1 on the lower doses. Peak Serum concentrations with the increasing doses averaged 14, 27 and 45 mg/1 respectively. The role and dosage of latamoxef in respiratory infections in the possible presence of streptococci are discussed.
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PMID:Latamoxef (moxalactam) in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 621 80

Moxalactam was used as initial, empirical therapy in 69 patients with a variety of serious bacterial infections, 32% of which were accompanied by bacteremia. Overall, the success rate was 83% and drug-related adverse effects were minimal. The drug was less efficacious in infections caused by aerobic gram-positive pathogens than it was in those caused by gram-negative pathogens. The following gram-positive organisms were associated with special problems during moxalactam therapy: Streptococcus pneumoniae (development of meningitis and a relapse of pneumonia with a more resistant strain), Staphylococcus epidermidis (in vivo emergence of moxalactam resistance, and the enterococci (failure of therapy and a fatal superinfection. Moxalactam performed well in infections caused by most gram-negative organisms, including aminoglycoside-resistant strains, but the previously reported emergence of gram-negative bacillary resistance to moxalactam during therapy was reconfirmed in our series with Serratia marcescens. The use of moxalactam in the treatment of gram-negative meningitis was further supported by a patient with meningitis-ventriculitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis who was cured with moxalactam after failure on chloramphenicol.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of moxalactam: evidence of decreased efficacy in gram-positive aerobic infections. 622 96

Twenty-nine patients, aged 19 to 87, were treated for an infection of the lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, pulmonary abscess, pleuritis) due to a pathogen with in vitro sensitivity to the antibiotic (pneumococcus, hemophilus, anaerobic organisms . . .). Patients were given Moxalactam as the only antibacterial treatment. In most instances, excellent results (24 successes, i.e. 84% of cases) were recorded with two daily intramuscular injections of 1 g each. Biologic tolerance was satisfactory. Possible clinical side-effects are rashes and local pain during the injection. We conclude that Moxalactam is very effective in severe lower respiratory tract infections, with a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg.
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PMID:[The French experience with moxalactam in pneumology]. 631 Jul 90

We investigated the clinical efficacy of moxalactam for treatment of a variety of infectious disorders in 50 patients (38 males and 12 females). Patient ages ranged from 8 days to 98 years, with a median of 66 years. Infectious disorders were confirmed by isolation of etiological bacteria in all patients. Thirty-eight patients had gram-negative bacillary disease, nine had pneumococcal infection, and three had disorders caused by staphylococci or streptococci. Twenty-three patients had pneumonia, 17 had bacteremic diseases other than pneumonia, and 10 had miscellaneous infectious diseases. The overall efficacy of moxalactam was excellent. Forty-eight patients were cured by clinical criteria, and 45 were cured by bacteriological criteria. A total of 19 adverse reactions were associated with the use of moxalactam in 18 patients, but none were severe and only one necessitated discontinuation of treatment. Moxalactam promises to be an important addition to our therapeutic armamentarium, especially for therapy of gram-negative bacillary infections.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of moxalactam. 645 88


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