Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined the effective method of administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium receiving methotrexate, etoposide and cisplatinum (MEC) therapy. Recombinant human G-CSF was administered at 2 micrograms/kg subcutaneously starting after the white blood cell count was less than 3,000/mm3 (short administration) or starting immediately after finishing MEC therapy (prophylactic administration). The median white blood cell nadir for the control group, short administration group and prophylactic administration group, was 275 +/- 77, 250 +/- 317 and 2,066 +/- 47/mm3, respectively. The number of days with a white blood count of less than 1,000/mm3 for the control group, short administration group and prophylactic administration group was 6.6 +/- 0.6, 4 +/- 2 and 0.9 +/- 0.5 days, respectively. The difference between the control group and prophylactic administration group was statistically significant (p < 0.01). These findings indicated that the prophylactic administration of rhG-CSF following MEC therapy was effective for preventing leukopenia. Other side effects of stomatitis, diarrhea and pneumonia were also decreased using rhG-CSF after MEC therapy.
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PMID:[Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium receiving methotrexate, etoposide and cisplatinum combination chemotherapy]. 768 38

The results are summarized as follows: 1. A total of 10 patients were treated with biapenem (L-627). We received informed consent from all of their parents. Each dose was 6 mg/kg, and it was administered 3 times daily (40 mg/kg, 4 times daily in meningitis), in a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-17 days. The clinical efficacies of L-627 in 10 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with purulent tonsillitis) were evaluated as excellent in 8 patients, as good in 2 patients with an efficacy rate of 100%. Seven causative organisms found in 5 patients (Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in 2, Haemophilus influenzae in 2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1) were eradicated. No adverse reaction was observed in any of the 10 patients. 2. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of L-627 were 12.5-13.7 micrograms/ml at the dose of 6 mg/kg administered by 30-minute drip infusion. Plasma half-lives of L-627 in the beta-phase averaged 0.72 hour (0.63-0.80 hour). CSF concentration/plasma concentration ratios of L-627 were 1.12/8.16 micrograms/ml (Day 2, 1.17 hours after at dose of 20 mg/kg), 0.88/3.44 micrograms/ml (Day 3, 4.0 hours after at dose of 30 mg/kg) and 0.68/5.12 micrograms/ml (Day 13, 3.0 hours after at dose of 40 mg/kg) administered by 30-minute drip infusion in the child with purulent meningitis (case 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on biapenem (L-627) in children]. 793 24

The administration of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was associated with complete clinical and haematological response in an adult patient with minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukaemia who presented with pneumonia and moderate neutropenia, but no blast cells in the peripheral blood. The response lasted 9 months. At relapse, a second GM-CSF course resulted in a very good partial remission lasting 5 months, although differences in the kinetics of haemoglobin, neutrophil and platelet recovery were noted. Subsequent recurrences were managed with chemotherapy, a complete remission being obtained twice more and lastly consolidated with myeloablative chemo-radiotherapy supported by a peripheral blood stem cell autograft. This report suggests that GM-CSF should be further investigated as a therapeutic agent in selected cases of AML.
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PMID:Unexpected remission of acute myeloid leukaemia after GM-CSF. 798 24

Although infrequent, untreated neonatal herpes results in death in half the cases and neurologic sequelae in three quarters of the survivors. Neonatal infection is usually acquired from maternal genital herpes, which is asymptomatic or unrecognized in 60% to 80% of women. The greatest risk of neonatal infection occurs when the mother has primary genital herpes involving the cervix at delivery, and the infant is premature and delivered with instrumentation (eg, scalp electrodes). More than 80% of neonates with herpes will have typical herpetic lesions of the skin, eye, or mouth, and most of the remainder will have either encephalitis or a sepsis syndrome with pneumonitis and hepatitis and negative bacterial cultures. Because herpes can mimic other neonatal infections, laboratory diagnosis is important, using cultures of the virus from lesions, peripheral blood white cells, or CSF. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir does reduce mortality and neurologic sequelae, but outcome is still guarded in babies with disseminated disease or encephalitis. Prevention focuses on caesarean section in women with active lesions at the time of impending delivery and avoidance of postnatal exposure. Further studies are needed to determine whether maternal screening (eg, HSV-2 type specific antibodies and vaginal cultures in selected women at delivery) will be cost effective in preventing neonatal herpes.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus infection of the fetus and newborn. 801 61

Cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMVE) is frequently diagnosed only at postmortem because its specific clinical features have not been fully identified. We have described the clinical, radiologic, and laboratory features of CMVE in a retrospective review of 14 autopsy-confirmed cases of CMVE and compared them with a control group of demented acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients without CMVE. CMVE was more common among homosexual men, and a subacute onset was more typical (mean duration of presenting symptoms was 3.5 weeks versus 18 weeks in demented controls). Median survival times were 4.6 weeks for CMVE and 28 weeks for controls. CMVE was accompanied by prominent systemic CMV infection at autopsy, including CMV adrenalitis (92%), CMV pneumonitis (42%), systemic Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI; 58%), and CMV retinitis (58%). Hyponatremia and MAI bacteremia were found in 58% of CMVE cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CSF samples identified CMV genome in 33% of CMVE cases. CMVE was associated with periventricular enhancement on CTs and periventricular lesions with meningeal enhancement on MRI scans. CMVE should be particularly suspected in homosexual men presenting with subacute encephalopathy who have had AIDS for more than 1 year and have a history of systemic CMV infection. Other features supporting the diagnosis of CMVE include periventricular lesions, hyponatremia, and identification of CMV genome in CSF by PCR.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 814 23

A multivariate analysis of 3334 Escherichia coli strains originating from different clinical materials revealed that 50.2% of isolates belonged to the most common 12 (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O15, O18, O45, O75, O78, O83) out of 133 serogroups. Haemolysin (Hly) production, mannose resistant haemagglutinating activity for human erythrocytes (MRHA) and colicinogenicity (Col) were recorded in 30, 30 and 36%, respectively. Antigens K1 and K5 were present in 11% and 6.6%, respectively. Association were found among certain serotypes and virulence markers (O1, H-, H7, K1, MRHA, Col; O2, H-, Kl, Col; O4, H-, H5, MRHA, Hly; O6, H-, H1, MRHA, Hly; O6, K5, MRHA, Col; O7, H-, H4, K1, MRHA, Col; O18ac, H7, K1, Col; O18ac, H-, K5, MRHA, Hly; O78, H-, Col (V-type); O83, H-, K1, Col). There were associations among clinical specimens, age of patients, nosocomial group of diseases, serogroups and virulence markers, too (cerebrospinal fluid-CSF-O7, O18ac, O45, O83-K1-newborn meningitis; O78-ColV-meningitis, sepsis, inflammations diseases of premature babies; CFS-O6, MRHA, Hly-adult-meningitis, sepsis, urinary tract infection-UTI-, pneumonia, other inflammatory diseases; blood-O2, O4, O6, O18ac, ONT, K5, MRHA, Hly-sepsis, UTI, hepatic diseases; urine-O1, O2, O4, O6, O18ac, O75, virulence markers fall to differ among upper and lower UTI; faeces-O1, O4, O6, O18ac, O78, virulence markers rare). Associations were also found among animal pathogenicity tests, specimens, serogroups and virulence factors: highly virulent group strains (i.e. LD50 below 10(6)) belonged to serogroups O2, O6, O18ac, possessed antigen K1 (less frequently the presence of MRHA, Hly, K5) and originated mainly from CSF. With mouse lung toxicity test correlations of serogroups (O4, O6, O18ac), antigen K5, MRHA, Hly and specimens (blood) were also shown. However, association was found between the lack of virulence factors and phage insensitivity and also between K5 positivity and sensitivity to phages 16, 17, there were no correlations between serogroups and phage patterns. On the basis of the above-described associations one can find correlations among virulence markers, serotype, and nosological group of diseases. Animal pathogenicity tests give additional data in understanding the pathomechanism of diseases. Correlations between phage patterns and serogroups reveal certain epidemiological relatedness and also virulence of strains.
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PMID:Computerized complex typing of Escherichia coli strains from different clinical materials. 819 67

A 32-year-old man developed a rash on his body and extremities following acute fever of a few days duration, and also noticed pain and spontaneous tingling sensations in his lower extremities. Because severe pneumonia with dyspnea and low arterial blood oxygen concentration were found on examination, he was admitted and treated. After recovering from pneumonia in two months, he complained of abdominal symptoms, such as constipation, nausea and vomiting, spontaneous tingling sensations in the lower extremities, and orthostatic dizziness and fainting. On neurological examination, a mild to moderate muscle weakness was found in the distal muscles of both extremities. The ankle jerk was absent. Both superficial and deep sensations were moderately to severely decreased in the feet with positive Romberg's sign. Constipation and vomiting with nausea were noted. Clinical and laboratory examinations revealed marked orthostatic hypotension and hypohidrosis. Motor and sensory conduction studies indicated the presence of axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination and remyelination in the limbs nerves. CSF examination indicated that protein was 150 mg/dl and the cell count to be 18/mm3. Titer of antibody to rubella virus was significantly elevated. There were no other abnormalities to indicate the cause of motor, sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Therefore, the diagnosis of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with autonomic disturbances after rubella infection, which is rare in the literature, was made.
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PMID:[A case of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with autonomic disturbances following rubella infection]. 826 90

A 56 year old female patient treated with carbimazole for hyperthyroidism developed agranulocytosis complicated by pneumonia. She was treated by sc administration of 6 micrograms/kg rhGM-CSF for 10 days. The first neutrophils appeared in the peripheral blood on the 4th day and normal numbers are reached on the 7th day of treatment. This was accompanied by a rapid resolution of fever. The use of growth factors may be justified in cases of drug-induced agranulocytosis.
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PMID:Recovery of carbimazole-induced agranulocytosis following recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) administration. 831 63

To investigate the mechanism of eosinophilia in patients with eosinophilic pleural effusions, we measured the activities of eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (Eo-CSF) and stimulating factor for eosinophil survival in the eosinophilic pleural fluids of six patients (two with tuberculous pleuritis, two with drug allergy, and one each with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and pleuritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis). The number of eosinophil colonies formed by the pleural fluid of patients with eosinophilic pleural effusions significantly exceeded that of control patients with noneosinophilic pleural effusions (7.5 +/- 1.9 colonies/10(5) bone marrow cells, n = 6, versus 0.3 +/- 0.1 colonies/10(5) bone marrow cells, n = 6, P < 0.01). Similarly, eosinophil survival evaluated on day 4 of culture with pleural fluid of patients with eosinophilic pleural effusions significantly exceeded that of patients with noneosinophilic pleural effusions (83.9 +/- 9.8% versus 46.1 +/- 11.2%, P < 0.001). Both activities were inhibited mainly by anti-IL-5 antibody and partially by anti-GM-CSF antibody and anti-IL-3 antibody. Mononuclear cells obtained from eosinophilic pleural fluid released the activities of Eo-CSF and stimulating factor for eosinophil survival in vitro. These findings suggest that GM-CSF, IL-5, and IL-3 are important to eosinophil accumulation in pleural cavity as stimulators of proliferation and survival of eosinophils.
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PMID:Factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of eosinophils in eosinophilic pleural effusion: relationship to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-5, and interleukin-3. 832 45

Four weeks after an attack of pneumonia of unknown aetiology a 40-year-old woman was hospitalized because of a nonpurulent, predominantly basal meningoencephalitis and infratentorial abscesses. She had dysarthria, mild right-sided motor hemiparesis and central paresis affecting the 7th cranial nerve. An area of fluctuating resistance, about 3 cm in diameter, was noticed over the left thigh. Serology indicated inflammatory disease, but there was no immunodeficiency. The CSF showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with mild protein increase but no evidence of infective agent. As tubercular meningitis was suspected she was treated with rifampicin (300 mg i.v. twice daily), isoniazid (300 mg i.v. once daily), streptomycin (800 mg i.m. once daily), cefotaxime (2.0 g i.v. three times daily), fluconazole (200 mg i.v. once daily) and dexamethasone (16-8-8 mg i.v.). She suddenly died two days after admission, probably as the result of central regulatory failure. Generalized nocardiosis involving lung, subcutaneous tissue and brain was revealed at autopsy. Although nocardiosis occurs predominantly in patients under immunosuppression, this infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of treatment-resistant pneumonia and meningoencephalitis without obvious predisposition.
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PMID:[Generalized nocardiosis with meningoencephalitis in a nonimmunosuppressed female patient]. 837 98


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