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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1967-1973, a total of 54 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from patients suffering from different acute respiratory diseases, with an average positive isolation rate of 4.7%. Most mycoplasmas were isolated from patients aged 40-60, and with pneumonia of primary atypical pneumonias. The highest frequency of isolation was found in sputum collected 4-8 days after onset of illness. Colony formation on PPLO medium usually occurred 7-12 days after incubation. Serological tests were methods of choice for diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia. In the 6 years period, 163 patients were diagnosed: 74 were positive only by metabolic inhibition test (MIT), 55 were positive only by cold agglutination test (CAT), and 34 gave positive by both tests. Of the above 2 tests, the CAT is nonspecific, but the MIT appears to be more sensitive and specific. Of the 94 sera positive by MIT, 42 (48.2%) were also positive by CAT; of those negative by MIT, 45 of 507 (8.8%) were positive by CAT. Of 45 sera with positive mycoplasma isolation, 37 (82.2%) were also positive by MIT, but only 22 (48.9%) showed the rises of CAT titers. Clinical features of mycoplasmal pneumonia were almost similar to those described by the other investigators. The chief symptoms were fever, coughs, chills, rales, malaise, sore throat headache and chest pain. The sedimentation rate of erythrocytes was accelerated. White count was normal in most cases. Both leucocytosis and leucopenia were found in 10% of the cases. Seasonal variation in incidence of mycoplasmal pneumonia was not obvious, however the lowest incidence occurred during summer. A roentgenogram of the chest was necessary for diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia, and the lung infiltration was mainly located on right side (57.1%), segmentally, and limited to one lobe, especially the lower lobe.
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi 1976 Jun
PMID:Mycoplasmal pneumonia in Chinese veterans. 103 86

This report reviews the manifestations in fifteen children of proved adenoviral pneumonia. Patients' ages ranged from 43 days to 4 years and 1 month. Twelve cases were younger than 2 years old. Adenoviral infections were proved by positive viral cultures or a four-fold increase of the complement fixation titer. Prolonged fever and cough were found in all cases. In 13 patients, respiratory distress occurred; 5 needed mechanical ventilation. Injected throats, conjunctivae and ear drums were common. Other clinical pictures included abdominal discomfort, hepatomegaly, skin rash, convulsion and bleeding tendency. Abnormal laboratory findings were mild anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, impaired liver function test, and prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Anemia (11 cases), leukopenia (7 cases) and elevated transaminases levels (7 cases) were more common than previously reported. All patients had para-hilar peribronchial infiltrates in chest roentgenography. Segmental atelectasis and compensated hyper-expansion were found frequently. Pleural effusion were noted in six of our cases. Air leak syndrome occurred in three patients who had received mechanical ventilation. Three of the 15 patients expired: one had a preceding measles infection, all had disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. For patients with antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, adenoviral studies should be done. Extrapulmonary manifestations, and some abnormal laboratory findings, i.e., mild anemia, leukopenia, impaired liver function are clues to adenoviral infections, while bleeding tendency can be regarded as a poor prognostic sign for children with adenoviral pneumonia.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Adenoviral pneumonia in children. 132 94

The designation of "Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis" (IBSN) was first given by Friede in 1975. However, this unusual condition was first described by Paterson and Carmichael in 1924. The disease is rare with uncertain etiology. The clinical picture includes choreoathetosis, abnormal eye movements, seizures and mental dullness. These circumstances often follow symptoms such as fever, vomiting and impaired consciousness. The final diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination, which reveals symmetrical degeneration of bilateral basal ganglia. With present technology IBSN can be well demonstrated in the brain Ct scans or MRI scans nowadays. This article reports four cases with clinical manifestations which had appeared before the age of one year. Three cases had prodromal upper respiratory tract infection symptoms with vomiting, while seizure and impaired consciousness ensued. One case had several bouts of pneumonitis followed by seizures, impaired consciousness and abnormal eye movement. Brain sonogram of one of these cases showed hyper-echoic basal ganglia, while CT scans or MRI scans revealed symmetrical hypodensity or signal change over bilateral basal ganglia, respectively. All of these led to a bedridden life. These four cases are reported based on their clinical presentations and brain imaging findings, in spite of the absence of pathological confirmation. Some of the literature are also reviewed. To sum up, IBSN should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of symmetrical bilateral basal ganglia lesion after the exclusion of other disorders such as neurometabolic disorders, central nervous system infection, carbon monoxide intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, tumors and cerebrovascular disorders etc.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Infantile bilateral necrosis of the striatum of corpus: report of four cases]. 151 18

A retrospective study was undertaken of 175 patients (119 males, 56 females) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Mackay Memorial Hospital during the period of July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1986 who received mechanical ventilation during their stay at the hospital. Upon reviewing the clinical histories of these patients, the complication rate of mechanical ventilation was 31.9%. The percentages of each complication were: pneumothorax 50.0%, pneumomediastinum 5.2%, pulmonary interstitial emphysema 1.7%, atelectasia 13.8%, pneumonia 13.8%, chronic lung disease 13.8%, nasopharyngeal infection 1.7%. Survival rate of these ventilated patients with or without complication was not significant statistically (69.2% vs 65.6%). However, with regard to the hospital course, cases with complication had a significantly longer duration of ventilator usage, hospital stay and oxygen usage than uncomplicated cases. In conclusion, experienced personnel are needed to supervise the use of mechanical ventilation in neonates, and a team of well-trained nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit are essential to minimize complications.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Complications in the use of mechanical ventilator in newborns: one year's experience]. 177 49

In the present study we tried to define the effect of lower respiratory tract infections upon pulmonary function and/or asthma in childhood. Thirty-five children with history of pneumonia in infancy were followed five to ten years later; all were asked to respond questionnaire, received physical examination and were diagnosed for pulmonary function. The results follow: 13 children (37%) had developed asthma, a significantly higher percentage than normal prevalence among students in this area. Simple pulmonary function test, pulmonary function test after distilled water mist and after hypertonic saline (4.5%) mist all showed abnormal values in VC (17%, 14%, 29% respectively), in IVC (46%, 51%, 53%), in FVC (20%, 23%, 24%), in FEVl (17%, 23%, 29%), in FEF25-75% (37%, 49%, 47%), in FEF75% (26%, 23%, 29%) and in FEVl/VC (20%, 14%, 29%). Methacholine challenge test (PC20) showed a marked decrease of PC20 in asthmatic children; each was less than 5 mg/ml (mean value; 0.99 mg/ml). Family-allergy in at least one parent and wheeze were the two significant risk factors. Nevertheless, in 22 non-family-allergy children, the occurrence of asthma was also higher than general prevalence (18.2% vs 5.6%). Wheezing was evident in viral infections in infancy, but bacterial culture from sputum or throat swabs failed to find pathogenic bacteria. These results indicate that while the genetic factor may be important, viral infections may be more important because, even in non-family-allergy children, the occurrence of asthma was higher for infants infected in early infancy than the general prevalence for age-matched students.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Increased incidence of asthma and pulmonary dysfunction after severe lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. 182 11

Forty-two cases with Wilms' tumor encountered in the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1978 through 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. Included were 19 boys and 23 girls, with an age range at diagnosis from 7 days to 10 years; a majority were in the first 6 years of life. The presenting symptoms and signs included: abdominal mass (89.2%), hypertension (57.9%), hematuria (28.2%), gastrointestinal symptoms (26.3%), fever (24.3%), and body weight loss (21.6%). The initial laterality of tumor was 28 right and 14 left, with one contralateral and one ipsilateral relapse. One extrarenal Wilms' tumor (right inguinal lymph nodes) was encountered. Every case was confirmed by pathology. Histologic findings included typical Wilms' tumor (35/42), rhabdoid (3/42), anaplastic (3/42), and clear cell (1/42) types. The common sites of metastasis were lung, liver and bone. Major complications during or following therapy were severe pancytopenia, ileus, sepsis or pneumonia, delayed wound healing and tumor rupture with hemorrhage. Rare complications included irradiation hepatitis (venooclusive disease) and colitis. There were 20 deaths. The causes of death were respiratory or hepatic failure due to tumor metastasis, sepsis and internal hemorrhage. Mortality (19/20) usually occurred within two years after diagnosis and therapy. The two-year's relapse-free survival and two-year's survival rates were 51.2% and 53.7%, respectively.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Clinical observation of Wilms' tumor. 217 35

This report describes the clinical, roentgenologic, pathologic, and virologic findings in a 2 years and ten months old girl who died from a severe pneumonia. Initially, the patient presented with fever and cough for 2 days. Physically, the patient appeared lethargic, and breathing sounds revealed diffuse rales and wheezing. Hemogram showed mild leukocytosis and lymphocyte predominant. Chest X ray revealed diffuse interstitial infiltration of the right upper lung, left upper and left lower lung field. Bacteria infection was first impressed. Although treated with several antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, amikacin, penicillin, cephazolin, imipenem and vancomycin) in three different hospitals, the patient's condition went downhill and the patient died 2 weeks later. Finally, adenoviurs type 3 was isolated from sputum specimen taken before death and necropsy lung tissue. The lung pathology showed diffuse necrotizing inflammation with fibrinopurulent exudate, and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were also noted in the alveolar cells. These data proved the diagnosis of adenovirus pneumonia. This case adds to the evidence that adenovirus type 3 infection during childhood may cause fatal disease.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:A fatal case of viral pneumonia in a child infected with adenovirus type 3. 227 28

A 10-year-old boy with idiopathic scoliosis presented with exertional dyspnea, lower leg edema since two weeks prior to admission. Physical examination revealed neck venous engorgement, moist rales, mild hepatomegaly, ascites and lower leg edema in addition to the scoliosis. Chest x-ray films showed cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and pneumonic infiltration of both lower lobes with bilateral pleural effusion. Electrocardiograms showed right axis deviation and right atrial hypertrophy. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed dilatation of the right heart chambers and pulmonary artery. He was treated initially with mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, bronchodilators, diuretics, vasodilators, and digoxin with improvement. Unfortunately the patient became comatose after an episode of cardiopulmonary arrest. He did not recover from this tragedy and was discharged against medical advice in comatose state. Scoliosis may be complicated with pneumonia and cor pulmonale in children. Early surgical correction of the scoliosis may prevent the development of cor pulmonale. Combined medical and surgical managements should be carried out aiming at scoliotic heart disease.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:[Idiopathic scoliosis and pneumonia complicated with cor pulmonale. Report of one case]. 227 31

In order to investigate the morbidity and mortality in individuals with Down syndrome(DS), we reviewed 237 cases of DS visiting our hospital in a ten-year period. There were 150 males and 87 females with age range from newborn to 25 years. The major illnesses included: 1) congenital heart disease (CHD), 42.6%; with endocardial cushion defect, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus as the common types; 2) frequent or major respiratory tract infections, 34.2%; 3) summer fever, 5.5%; 4) major infective episodes other than pneumonia, 5.0%. Other diseases such as seizure disorder, gastrointestinal tract anomalies and thyroid dysfunction were also noted. There were 28 deaths of them and the causes of mortality were 1) CHD with congestive heart failure (CHD with CHF) and pneumonia (46.9%); 2) CHD with CHF and sepsis (10.7%); 3) CHD with CHF (14.3%) and 4) acute leukemia with infection (10.7%) respectively. Most of the mortality occurred during the first year of life, especially in patients with CHD. In our series, the one year survival rate was 93.6%; the result indicates that life expectancy in DS is much better than generally believed.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi
PMID:Mortality and survival in Down syndrome in Taiwan. 253 73

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a new diagnostic tool which could be applied repeatedly to investigate the nature of lesion in pulmonary diseases. To evaluate the clinical significance of the difference in immunoglobulin content for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pulmonary diseases, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage for 64 patients. They included 12 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 20 patients with benign non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases (these including 6 patients with pneumoconiosis, 6 patients with bronchietasis, 2 patients with paraquate intoxication, 6 patients with pneumonia) and 20 healthy persons as of the control group. We analyzed the following items: (1) cell count (2) differential count (3) protein content (4) immunoglobulin content. The results showed that there were increase in PMN cells in paraquate intoxication, pnuenmonia and bronchiectasis. While there was lymphocytosis in pulmonary tuberculosis. In comparison with the control group, there was elevation of statistical significance in the IgA/Albumin ratio in bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. Although the IgG/Albumin ratio would be elevated with statistical significance among a variety of pulmonary diseases, it was particularly high in pulmonary tuberculosis. In contrast, the IgA/IgG ratio was significantly increased only in bronchogenic carcinoma. In conclusion, there were differences in the cell number, differential cell count, protein content and immunoglobulin content among various pulmonary diseases. It may be useful in making differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pulmonary disease and the prediction of prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1988 May
PMID:[A preliminary study for cellular, albumin and immunoglobulin components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal control, pulmonary T.B. and malignant lung diseases]. 319 60


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