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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer patients were randomized to receive an every 4 hour or every 8 hour schedule of cefoperazone plus aztreonam during 617 febrile episodes. The overall response rate for the 478 evaluable episodes was 76% and there was no difference in response rate between the two schedules. The response rate was 79% for cases of pneumonia and 63% for cases of bacteremia. Only 50% of the microbiologically documented infections caused by gram-positive organisms responded whereas 95% of gram-negative infections, including all of those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responded. Response rates were lower among patients whose neutrophil counts decreased during therapy than among those whose neutrophil counts increased (64% vs. 85%, p = 0.008). Side-effects that were possibly or probably related to antibiotic therapy were observed during 11% of the episodes. The most common side-effects were diarrhea and rashes including one case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Three patients developed a coagulopathy during therapy. Cefoperazone plus aztreonam proved to be an effective combination for treatment of gram-negative infections and fever of unknown origin in cancer patients and an every 8-hour schedule of administration was as effective as an every 4-hour schedule. Approximately half of the patients with gram-positive infections required additional antibiotics for successful therapy.
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PMID:Comparison of two schedules of cefoperazone plus aztreonam in the treatment of neutropenic patients with fever. 191 97

The culture results of sputum (SP), blood (BL) and wound secretions (WS) of 47 cases of burns with lung infection were analyzed. Symptoms of pneumonia within 5 days after burn were observed in 90.3% of inhalation injury patients (IIG, 31 cases) whereas only in 25.0% of noninhalation injury patients (NIIG, 16 cases). The isolation rates of Gr(-) bacteria from the 3 sources of culture were markedly higher than those of Gr(+) cocci. The same bacteria, mainly Ps. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus, were identified simultaneously from the 3 sources of culture in 12 cases (25.5%). Isolates from SP correlated well with those from WS, the coincidence rates of 4 main Gr(-) bacteria were over 58%. Ps. aeruginosa was the commonest pathogen of IIG but Staph. aureus was the commonest in SP and BL of NIIG. The isolation rate of fungi of SP in NIIG was about twice that in IIG. Ps. aeruginosa and E. coli were susceptible to Amikacin and Polymixin B, Ps. aeruginosa was more susceptible to Cefoperazone, while the Gr(+) cocci were susceptible to first generation Cephalosporins.
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PMID:[Bacteriologic study of lung infection in 47 cases of burns]. 211 35

Cefoperazone was used in the treatment of infections in 13 cases of chronic renal failure. In 8 cases recurrent urinary tract infections were diagnosed, septicaemia in 3 cases, pneumonia in 2. Cefoperazone 2-4 g daily was a very effective and well tolerated drug. Only one therapeutic failure was noted in a patient with mixed urinary tract infection (strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae). No side effects developed, and in patients in the phase of moderate renal failure some decrease of serum creatinine was noted after the completion of treatment.
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PMID:[Cefoperazone--Possibility of safer treatment for infections in patients with chronic renal failure]. 227 97

Cefoperazone and ceftazidime monotherapy were compared in a randomized, prospective evaluation of patients with nosocomial pneumonia. These antibiotics were equally effective, with an overall successful treatment rate of 45 of 62 (73 percent) for cefoperazone-treated patients and 50 of 63 (79 percent) for ceftazidime-treated patients (p = 0.41). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects (including hypoprothrombinemia), superinfections, or colonization of the oropharynx with yeast, enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, or resistant gram-negative bacilli. When antibiotic administration, and laboratory costs are considered, cefoperazone is less expensive than ceftazidime. Both cefoperazone and ceftazidime are effective therapy for nosocomial pneumonia.
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PMID:Cefoperazone versus ceftazidime monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia. 304 18

Cefoperazone monotherapy was compared with combination antibiotic therapy in a randomized prospective evaluation of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Cefoperazone was as effective as either clindamycin/gentamicin or cefazolin/gentamicin (cure rate: 45 of 52 cefoperazone-treated patients [87 percent], versus 44 of 61 combination-therapy patients [72 percent], p = 0.069). With the exception of hypoprothrombinemia in those patients who did not receive prophylactic vitamin K, there was no difference in the incidence of side effects. In addition, no difference was noted in the incidence of superinfections or secondary pneumonias. When antibiotic costs, administration costs, and laboratory costs were considered, cefoperazone monotherapy was the least expensive antibiotic regimen. Cefoperazone is a suitable alternative to combination antibiotic therapy for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
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PMID:Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia. 327 87

Cefoperazone was used for the treatment of 105 febrile episodes in 103 patients with cancer. A dose of 12 g/day was administered according to two different schedules, one for neutropenic patients (neutrophil count, less than 1,000/mm3), the other for nonneutropenic patients. The rate of response for 85 episodes of documented infection was 68%. The rates of response for patients with bacteremia and pneumonia were 72% and 41%, respectively; all patients with soft-tissue and urinary-tract infections responded. Fifty-five percent of patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common gram-negative organism causing infection, responded to therapy. Among patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus, the most common gram-positive organism causing infection, 82% responded. As expected, the rate of response was higher for patients with adequate neutrophil counts. In neutropenic patients the overall response was good, particularly when the neutropenia resolved. However, the occasional occurrence of resistant strains of bacteria precludes the use of cefoperazone alone as initial therapy for neutropenic patients. Toxic adverse reactions, including drug-induced fever, diarrhea, and rash, occurred rarely and were transient. This study indicates that cefoperazone has low toxicity and is effective for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer.
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PMID:Cefoperazone for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. 622 89

Fifteen patients with documented bacterial lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefoperazone (2 gm every 12 hours, administered parenterally) as the single antibiotic therapy. Pulmonary infections included pneumonia (10), anaerobic lung abscess (2), bronchitis (2), and exacerbation of bronchiectasis (1); most of the patients had concomitant illnesses that compromised their host-immune status. Bacteria recovered from respiratory tract cultures included aerobic gram-negative bacilli (17), anaerobes (6), and aerobic gram-positive cocci (3). After therapy, lasting 5 to 28 days, nine patients had complete resolution of their infection, and the remaining six patients had significant clinical improvement. Diarrhea was the adverse reaction most commonly noted; others included an unusual reaction resembling serum sickness, and, in one patient treated for 24 days, hypotension and a subsequent decrease in renal function. Drug-related abnormalities in blood and serum values were few and mild. Cefoperazone was found to be effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with cefoperazone. 622 98

The safety and clinical efficacy of cefoperazone were evaluated in a multicenter trial conducted at institutions in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Cefoperazone was given as the sole antibiotic for 481 respiratory tract infections in 476 patients. An overall satisfactory clinical response was achieved in 73.7% of patients. Cefoperazone was effective in 78.9% of cases of pneumonia, 81.1% of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and 69.4% of bronchiectasis with infection. A satisfactory bacteriological effect was obtained in 93.2% of cases in which Haemophilus influenzae was isolated, 70.2% of Klebsiella infections, and 84.6% of infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although the eradication rate was only 38.6% in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the success rate increases to 59.1% if patients showing a decrease in the number of organisms are included. Cefoperazone was effective in 63.5% of the 148 cases that had failed to respond to treatment with other antibiotics. Adverse reactions occurred in 8.0% of patients and consisted primarily of rash, diarrhea, and fever. Cefoperazone appears to be an extremely useful injectable antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients.
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PMID:Asian multicenter trial of cefoperazone in respiratory tract infection. 639 68

Cefoperazone (CPZ) was given intravenously to 23 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 2 cases of pertussis pneumonia, 2 cases of septicemia, 1 case of osteomyelitis, 1 case of perforative peritonitis and 1 case of bacterial meningitis. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 20 cases out of 23 cases and bacteriological effectiveness in 14 cases out of 17 cases. With CPZ, the following side effects developed; transient diarrhea in 1 case, asymptomatic eosinophilia in 2 cases. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CPZ is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoperazone in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 645 40

We report the use of cefoperazone in 62 cases of serious infection, most of which occurred in patients with renal impairment. 43 severe or complicated urinary tract infections, 11 cases of pneumonia and 8 with other severe sepsis were treated with cefoperazone 1 to 2 g twice daily usually for 5 to 10 days. Of the patients with urinary tract infection, all who were symptomatic showed a rapid clinical response; 26 (61%) were cured including 11 of 16 with chronic renal failure; 12 relapsed and 5 were reinfected with a different pathogen. All of these patients were infected by organisms sensitive to cefoperazone by disc testing but in 5 of those who relapsed the cefoperazone MIC was in fact greater than or equal to 50 microgram/ml. Ten of 11 cases with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were cured with cefoperazone. 7 episodes of pneumonia were in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (6 were on dialysis) and 1 was in a patient with acute renal failure. Seven of 8 cases with severe sepsis were cured with cefoperazone. 1 patient was withdrawn from the study when acute bronchospasm followed a 2 g intravenous dose. 2 of the successfully treated patients had functioning renal transplants, 2 of 3 with severe chronic renal failure were on dialysis and 1 had acute renal failure. Side effects included minor disturbances of liver function in 6 patients (11%), diarrhoea in 7 (13%) and marked alcohol intolerance in one, 4 patients with chronic renal failure developed a coagulation disorder which was corrected with vitamin K. None of the patients showed deterioration in renal function while receiving cefoperazone. Cefoperazone promises to be an effective drug for the treatment of a wide spectrum of severe infections in hospitalised patients including those with impaired renal function.
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PMID:Cefoperazone in the treatment of severe or complicated infections. 645 95


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