Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20 children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4 mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop-out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes. The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0 approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 406 28

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. AZT was effective in all the 16 children with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The diagnoses included acute bronchitis and pneumonia (11), UTI (2), UTI with bacteremia (1), purulent meningitis (1) and acute mucositis (1). The etiologic agents were H. influenzae (10), B. catarrhalis (1), N. meningitidis group C (1), E. coli (3) and P. aeruginosa (2). The serum half-life was approximately 1.2 hours after intravenous bolus injection. Penetration into the inflamed cerebrospinal fluid was good not only in acute purulent meningitis but also in viral meningitis. From the present study, AZT is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of aztreonam in children]. 409 55

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a fifty-fifty combination of a beta-lactamase inhibitor, SBT, and an already marketed broad spectrum cephalosporin, CPZ, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 25 children. The diagnoses included purulent lymphadenitis, pneumonia, acute UTI, bacteremia and purulent meningitis. SBT/CPZ was effective in all the 20 cases with bacterial infections, but strains highly resistant to CPZ were not isolated in this study. The serum and cerebrospinal-fluid levels of SBT were grossly parallel with those of CPZ, and the half-life of the serum SBT was 0.754 hour. Although severe adverse reactions were not encountered with SBT/CPZ therapy, loose stools in 20% and diarrhea in 16% of the cases were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric infections]. 609 62

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CZX and cefotiam (CTM) or sulbenicillin (SBPC). Antibacterial activities of CZX and CTM were compared against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes; CZX was compared with SBPC against Ps. aeruginosa. CZX and CTM were nearly equal in activity against S. aureus, but CZX was found to be more active than CTM by 1--10 tubes against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes. Against Ps. aeruginosa, CZX and SBPC were nearly equal in activity. 2. Serum concentration and urinary recovery. Serum concentrations of CZX were measured in 6 patients given CZX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CZX intravenously, the average serum concentration was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous bolus injection. In 3 patients given 10 mg/kg of CZX by intravenous drip infusion, the peak average serum concentration was 28.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. Urinary recovery in 2 patients tested was 81.1% and 92.5% until 6--7 hours after intravenous bolus injection. 3. Clinical efficacy. CZX was given intravenously to 24 patients in doses of 30--111 mg/kg (57.1 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3--16 days (5.5 days on an average): 1 with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 with acute bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia, 2 with enterocolitis, 2 with soft tissue infection, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with UTI. The overall efficacy rate was 95.8%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 (41.7%), good in 13 (54.2%), and poor in 1 (4.2%). Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e. 21 of the 23 strains disappeared. One patient had mild and transient diarrhea, but no other laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CZX is 1 of the most useful antibiotics for treating pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 627 7

In order to evaluate effectiveness of ABPC suppository (KS-R1) in the treatment of bacterial infections of children, the clinical studies were carried out. KS-R1 was given in rectum to 14 patients in doses of 24.2 approximately 65.8 mg/kg (average 38.5 mg/kg) in 3 approximately 4 divided doses for 3 approximately 8 days (average 4.0 days); 6 with acute tonsillitis, 3 with pneumonia, 1 with otitis media, 4 with UTI. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. Bacterial efficacy was good, i.e. 8 of the 8 strains disappeared. Any clinical side effects and laboratory abnormalities were not observed during treatment. The above results suggested that KS-R1 is a useful antibiotics for pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in bacterial infections in children]. 665 20

The purpose of this study was to detect possible factors related to the occurrence of DIC in carcinoma patients. I) We studied 20 carcinoma cases accompanied with DIC. Results; The carcinomas most frequently accompanied with DIC were cancers of the biliary system, gastric, hepatic and pancreatic cancer, especially those with distant metastases. Pneumonia, UTI and biliary tract infections seemed to be the most important triggers of DIC. No significant relationship was found between anti-cancer chemotherapy and the DIC incidence. Endotoxemia was more frequently detected in patients having received anti-cancer drugs than in those who not. II) The effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy on the incidence of endotoxemia was examined in rats. A higher incidence of endotoxemia was noted in the groups treated with high doses of 5-FU or Cyclophosphamide. The incidence of endotoxemia seemed to run parallel with the incidence of diarrhea and of weight loss in each animal group.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental studies on DIC found in carcinoma; correlation between anti-cancer drug administration and endotoxemia]. 687 46

Cefsulodin (CFS) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 14 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The diagnoses included pneumonia (4), sepsis (1), presumed sepsis (4), acute postoperative ascending cholangitis (1), acute postoperative peritonitis with wandering pneumonia (1), acute enterocolitis with acute UTI (1), recurrent UTI (1), and acute cystitis (1). CFS was administered intravenously with a daily dose of 93 to 299 mg/kg in the cases with normal renal functions. CFS was effective in all but one case both clinically and bacteriologically. A case of pneumonia whose isolate was resistant to CFS responded poorly. Mild transient eosinophilia was observed in 3 cases, but no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Peak MIC values of 18 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were 1.56 mcg/ml, 0.39 to 0.78 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml for CFS, gentamicin, and sulbenicillin, respectively. A half life of the serum CFS levels was 1.09 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 to 25 mg/kg of CFS (n = 2). A cerebrospinal-fluid level and biliary levels measured in cases with inflamed meninges or with cholangitis were well above the MIC value. From the present study, CFS appeared to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible Pseudomonas infections. Combined use of another antibiotic should be considered in the case with polymicrobial infections because of the CFS's very narrow spectrum.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in Pseudomonas infections in children]. 716 64

Our investigation of cefsulodin in pediatric Pseudomonas infect ion produced the following results. 1. Cefsulodin (CFS) was administered intravenously by one shot or drip infusion in 3 patients with Pseudomonas infections. These diseases consisted of pneumonia with IgA deficiency, ALL with opportunistic infection, UTI with paraplegia due to spina bifida. CFS was effective in all cases. 2. Transient eosinophilia was observed in 1 case. But other side effect was not noted in any cases.
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PMID:[Clinical application of cefsulodin in gravely ill children with Pseudomonas infection]. 716 67

We investigated pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of a newly developed cephem antibiotic cefozopran (SCE-2787, CZOP) against various pediatric infections in 18 institutions and their affiliates. We obtained the following results. 1. Serum concentration and urinary excretion rates Pharmacokinetics of CZOP in children was examined after intravenous injection and 30-minute drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of CZOP. Peak serum concentrations of CZOP in 30 minutes after intravenous injection were 21.7, 51.5 and 77.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing a clear dose response. Half-lives were 1.99, 1.85 and 1.67 hours, respectively. In the first 6 hours after administration, urinary excretion rates of CZOP were 87.3, 67.4 and 84.1%, respectively. In the cases of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg administration of CZOP 30-minute drip infusion, peak serum concentration of CZOP in 30 minutes, when the infusion was completed, were 38.1, 72.8 and 95.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. Again, there was a clear dose response. Half-lives were 1.67, 1.69 and 1.43 hours, respectively. In the first 6 hours after administration, urinary excretion rates of CZOP were 53.9, 59.7 and 77.3%, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CZOP administered by intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg to patients with purulent meningitis were 1.6 to 43.4 micrograms/ml in 1 to 1.5 hours after administration. 2. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 337 cases. The largest number of cases, 138 cases, were found in 2 to < 6-year olds. The majority of the patients were under age 9, and 70 cases were of less than 1-year old infants. 183 cases were males and 154 cases were females. In terms of illness, a majority, or 185 cases, suffered from pneumonia, followed by 39 cases of UTI and 23 infections of the skin and soft tissue. There were 7 cases of purulent meningitis. In 218 cases, CZOP was administered at a daily dose of 60- < 80 mg/kg. The drug was administered for 6-10 days, the most frequent duration, in 188 cases. In the cases where causative organisms were identified (group A), the efficacy rates ("excellent" and "good") obtained were 100% (5/5) against purulent meningitis, 100% (2/2) against sepsis, 98.3% (119/121) against pneumonia, 100% (13/13) against acute bronchitis, 100% (11/11) against upper respiratory tract infection, 96.3% (26/27) against UTI. Overall, "excellent" and "good" responses were observed in 97.5% (197/202) of cases with known causative organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with cefozopran in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Cefozopran]. 811 68

The current state of causative bacteria in infectious diseases and the trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents were mentioned. The commonest micro-organisms isolated from the blood and intravascular catheter tips were CNS, S. aureus and C. albicans. Significant urine culture isolates were E. coli and other enterobacteriaceae in uncomplicated UTI, and Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in complicated UTI with a urinary catheter. In respiratory tract infections (RTIs), H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, were common causative organisms. Community-acquired pneumonia was mainly caused by H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis. In common with hospital-acquired pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and enterobacteriaceae were the frequent microorganisms isolated. In anaerobic infections, the most common micro-organisms were B. fragilis and other B. fragilis group isolated from intra-abdominal focus of post operative patients. The trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of common bacteria over a period of 5 years (1988-1992) have been monitored. The proportion of isolates of S. aureus resistant to CEZ, CMZ, FMOX, IPM or MINO has increased. There was no trend towards increased resistance among isolates of P. aeruginosa except for CBPC. The incidence of resistance to PCG, ABPC, EM and LMOX increased in isolates of S. pneumoniae and that of resistance to PIPC, CMZ, LMOX and IPM increased in those of B. fragilis group.
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PMID:[Current state of causative bacteria in infections diseases and trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents]. 812 76


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