Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To 10 cases with respiratory infections, 200 mg, twice daily, of netilmicin was administered without other antibiotics and the following results were obtained. 1) Netilmicin was administered to 2 cases of pneumonia and 8 cases of bronchitis for 7 to 30 days, and 4 remarkably effective and 6 effective cases were observed, that is, netilmicin was effective in all cases. 2) Abnormal laboratory test values were found in 2 cases; 1 case showed slightly elevated creatinine value, and 1 case showed slightly increase GTP value, and these values were normalized rapidly without any treatment after discontinuation of netilmicin administration. Netilmicin 100 mg was intramuscularly injected to 15 patients with pleural effusion to see the time-course distribution of the drug to serum and to pleural fluid by determining the concentration of netilmicin. 1) Netilmicin concentrations in serum reached the peak at 30 minutes after the intramuscular injection and it gradually decreased, while in the pleural fluid, it reached the peak at 3 hours after the injection, and the peak value in the pleural fluid in average was 2.63 +/- 1.98 micrograms/ml, and it was still detectable at 24 hours after the injection. 2) The ratio of netilmicin concentrations in the serum and pleural fluid at the peak was 31.7 +/- 23.4%, and distribution of netilmicin into the pleural fluid was considered to be high enough.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of netilmicin in infections of respiratory organs and studies on its penetration into pleural fluid II. (author's transl)]. 708 85

This article presents a comparison of acute glomerular nephritis (AGN) with rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis (RPGN) in patients aged 60 or older. In 7 elderly patients with AGN, the renal disease was preceded by skin infection (4 cases), sore throat (2 cases), or pneumonia (1 case). The 7 patients with RPGN had no history of prior infection. Both AGN and RPGN were manifested clinically as acute renal failure, but the RPGN patients had significantly higher serum creatinine levels and lower hematocrit readings. Hypocomplementemia was a feature only of AGN. The biopsy specimens from patients with RPGN showed crescents in 50--100 percent of the glomeruli, whereas specimens from patients with AGN showed no significant extracapillary proliferation. Six AGN patients recovered and 1 died. Despite dialysis, 4 RPGN patients died and the remaining 3 require maintenance dialysis. It is concluded that AGN in the elderly is more common than previously believed, frequently follows skin infections, and has a reasonably good prognosis. In contrast, RPGN, also not rare in the elderly, has a much worse prognosis.
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PMID:Acute and rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis in the elderly. 720 3

In acutely ill patients, predicted creatinine clearance (Clcr) values [obtained using the Siersbaek-Nielsen nomogram (SNN) and ideal body weight (IBW)] were compared with actual Clcr based on measured urine creatinine concentrations. Timed urine collections were obtained from 118 patients (423 collections from 68 men, 400 collections from 50 women) before, during, and after aminoglycoside therapy. Patients were in intensive care units for management of acute exacerbations of sepsis, pneumonia, or abscess; most had other complicating conditions and were chronically ill. Urine was collected for 8 to 24 hours (70% for 24 hours) from Foley-catheterized patients. Patients were divided into low (less than 15 mg/kg/day), normal (15-25 mg/kg/day), and elevated (greater than 25 mg/kg/day) urinary creatinine excretion groups. Actual body weight (ABW) was used in some patient subgroups to explore differences between using IBW and ABW. SNN most accurately predicted Clcr in the 20% of the urine collections characterized by normal urinary creatinine excretion (Ucr). Most study patients excreted significantly less creatinine than the age-matched population tested in developing the SNN. In acutely ill patients with low Ucr, SNN overpredicted Clcr by 10-20 ml/min. SNN also overpredicted Clcr values in obese patients, but use of IBW rather than ABW improved the correlation between measured and predicted values in this subgroup. The SNN nomogram is applicable to critically ill patients if adjustments are made in predicted values. The characteristics of patients with low Ucr and the mechanism responsible for the decreased Ucr deserve further study.
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PMID:Creatinine clearance predictions in acutely ill patients. 724 54

29 episodes of suspected septicaemia in patients with acute leukemia were treated empirically with tobramycin 180--240 mg/day intravenously together with cephalothin 12 g/day. Patients without documented infection who did not respond to antibiotics and whose fever developed after a course of cytotoxic drugs, were given the provision of high dose corticosteroid therapy. Infection was documented microbiologically or clinically in 13/29 episodes. Septicaemia was proven in 7, and 6 had pneumonia. Neutropenia was present in 18/29 episodes. A satisfactory response to initial therapy was achieved in 7/13 with documented infection and in 9/16 without proven infection. The overall good response was 55%, 5/7 cases with septicaemia, but only 2/6 with pneumonia responded well. The 2 septicaemia patients who did not respond had Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. In 16 episodes without documented infection 7 did not respond to initial therapy. To 4 of them, who were subject to recent cytotoxic drug administration, high dose corticosteroid therapy was given, and 3 of them responded well. Of the remaining 3 non-responders, one became afebrile after cytostatic and one after prednisolone treatment. Serum assays of tobramycin were done on the 1st and 5th day of therapy and no difference in concentration was observed on these 2 occasions. Five patients developed renal failure, but this was attributed to antibiotic therapy only in 1, who initially had an elevated serum creatinine. It is concluded, that in hospitals where pseudomonas is not a dominating pathogen, tobramycin--cephalothin may be a good combination to start empiric therapy with. In patients without proven infection, who have recently been subjected to cytotoxic therapy, and who do not respond to the initial course of antibiotics, a high dose of corticosteroids may be tried, provided the patient is monitored for the hazard of bacterial infection.
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PMID:Empiric treatment of fever in acute leukaemia with tobramycin-cephalothin, and the escape clause provision of corticosteroids. 737 25

To clarify the reliability of urinary trehalase activity as a marker of cellular proliferation and/or damage of renal proximal tubules, the activity was examined in healthy newborn infants or infants treated with tobramycin, a drug known as causing tubular cell damage. Eighty-one newborn infants (56 mature infants and 25 premature infants) were enrolled in the study. Urinary trehalase was examined using a spot urine sample during the first 7 days of age and on the 10th day of age. A good positive correlation was observed between urinary trehalase activity/creatinine ratio (T/Cr) on the 10th day of age and conceptional age or body weight (n = 46, r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Urinary trehalase of 29 healthy mature infants was higher during the first few days of age, after which it decreased to an almost steady level. Urinary trehalase of 6 premature infants during the first few days of age was significantly lower than that of mature infants, after which it increased and became equal to that of the mature infants on the 7th day of age. Treatment with ampicillin (100 mg/kg) and tobramycin (5 mg/kg) of 6 mature infants with pneumonia for 6 days resulted in a significant elevation of the urinary T/Cr. The extent of this elevation was greater than that of the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity/creatinine ratio (NAG/Cr). A significant correlation was observed between the urinary T/Cr and the urinary NAG/Cr (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/creatinine ratio (r = 0.48, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary trehalase activity is a useful marker of renal proximal tubular damage in newborn infants. 747 50

While elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms and aortoiliac occlusive disease is associated with an acceptable (3%) mortality rate, combined aortic and renal revascularization has usually been reported to have a higher perioperative mortality. Over the past 5 years, 785 elective aortic procedures have been performed at the authors' medical center. During the same period, 77 renal artery reconstructions have been performed in 73 patients in conjunction with aortic procedures. All were done using the retroperitoneal approach to the aorta and renal arteries. Indication for concomitant renal artery revascularization included 79% (61 of 77 patients) for either significant stenosis or anatomic involvement, 18% for renovascular hypertension (14 of 73) and 3% (two of 73) for renal impairment. The demographics and risk factors were similar in both groups. Operative mortality rate was 2.9% (23 of 785) in the aortic group and 3% (two of 73) in the combined group. Complications in the combined group were one stroke (1.4%), one re-exploration for bleeding (1.4%), two pulmonary pneumonia (2.7%) and five patients had elevated serum creatinine (> 350 mumol/l) after operation. Of these patients two died, one had an occluded graft and two eventually improved. There was one early graft thrombosis and one late thrombosis. In the authors' experience, concomitant aortic bypass and renal artery revascularization can be performed with an acceptable mortality and morbidity using the retroperitoneal approach.
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PMID:Does concomitant aortic bypass and renal artery revascularization using the retroperitoneal approach increase perioperative risk? 758 98

The new immunosuppressive agent FK506 was used with steroids to treat 22 pediatric patients who received living-related partial liver transplantation. Seventeen recipients survived and 5 died between one and 16 months after transplantation. Three of the 5 patients who died had required intensive care preoperatively. Autopsy findings showed no evidence of rejection. There was no episode of rejection that required retransplantation in any of the patients. Liver allograft dysfunction, which was suspected to be a rejection response, was encountered in 2 recipients with ABO-nonidentical but compatible grafts. However, their clinical and biochemical findings were ameliorated upon steroid pulse therapy or upon augmented FK506 administration without additional potent immunosuppressive agents. Steroid treatment has been discontinued in all surviving patients at 1-9 months after transplantation. Infectious complications encountered in 9 patients included 2 bacterial, 5 viral, and 2 fungal infections. One recipient died of fungal pneumonia. Abnormal increase of serum creatinine level was confined to the complicated patients. Hypertension was a temporary adverse reaction in the early postoperative period, and only one patient needed an antihypertensive drug at 2 months after transplantation. Acute pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia was observed in one patient who was treated successfully with reduction of FK506 administration. Tremor was observed in 8 patients, itching in 4, insomnia in 2, and vomiting in one. Hirsutism, gingival hypertrophy, and lymphoma were not observed. FK506 was highly effective in living-related partial liver transplantation not only in terms of immunosuppressive potential but also because it produced fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Experience with FK506 in living-related liver transplantation. 767 28

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent which is well-established in the transplantation of organs including kidney, liver and bone marrow. It acts by inhibiting the production of interleukin 2, thereby blocking both the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and the proliferation of helper T cells. T cell-mediated muscle damage is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of polymyositis. And activated cytotoxic T cells are thought to play an important role of polymyositis/dermatomyositis with active pneumonitis. It is thereby likely that cyclosporine would be effective in the management of polymyositis with interstitial pneumonitis. We have used cyclosporine in two cases of corticosteroids resistant polymyositis associated with pneumonitis. The first case was admitted because of the relapse of polymyositis. She was partially responded by the high dose of steroid, but showed decreased %DLCO and increased AaDO2 during the therapy. And oral cyclosporine was given with steroid. Within two weeks, serum creatinine kinase level was reduced to normal range, and the improvement of pneumonitis was observed. The second case was admitted because of the flare of pneumonitis. She was treated with high dose of steroid with insufficient response. And cyclosporine was prescribed. Within two weeks of treatment, her symptom was relieved, and blood gas analysis showed an improvement of pulmonary function. And steroid could be tapered. In both cases, the initial dose of cyclosporine was 200 mg/day, and the optimal trough level was thought to be ranged 100 to 150 ng/ml. In the second case, renal dysfunction was observed but it was recovered by the reduction of the dose of cyclosporine. No other side effect was appeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Successful combination therapy of cyclosporine and steroids in two cases with interstitial pneumonitis associated with polymyositis]. 773 99

A 71-year-old woman with psoriasis-associated rheumatoid arthritis had for 15 months been treated with methotrexate (5 mg/week orally). Four weeks before admission she had developed dyspnoea and cough. On admission her axillary temperature was 38.2 degrees C, the white cell count was normal. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (50/90 mm), lactate dehydrogenase activity (449 U/l) and the creatinine level (1.33 mg/dl) were all elevated. Blood gas analysis revealed partial respiratory impairment (pO2 52 mm Hg), and the chest X-ray demonstrated bilateral interstitial-alveolar changes. Despite antibiotics the temperature continued to rise, and on the 11th day a blood eosinophilia of 4% was noted. The bronchial mucosa was normal on bronchoscopy, and transbronchial biopsy showed only minor interstitial fibrosis, occasional macrophages and lymphocytes. Cultures of the lavage-fluid were negative. As methotrexate pneumonitis was suspected the drug was discontinued and prednisolone administered (50 mg daily for 3 days, gradually reducing over 7 days). The symptoms quickly improved, and blood gas analysis and the X-rays became normal. The patient was discharged symptom-free after 30 days.
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PMID:[Severe pneumonitis as a complication of low-dose methotrexate therapy in psoriasis-associated polyarthritis]. 773 58

Effects of 4-7-week feeding of naturally contaminated wheat grains containing 0.284 mg T-2 toxin/kg were investigated on the health, certain serum biochemical parameters and reproductive status of sexually mature, virgin female rabbits. Three of the ten contaminated animals died before the end of the experiment (acute, fibrinous-purulent peritonitis and pneumonia). Hepatic damages are suggested by significant serum alanine aminotransferase and slight aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, malate dehydrogenase activity increases, as well as by cholinesterase activity decrease as compared to control animals. The damage of kidney function is indicated by significantly higher creatinine level, as compared to the control. The T-2 toxin feeding also impaired ovarian functions, reflecting by unaltered progesteron concentration, macro- and microscopical pictures after GnRH-stimulation.
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PMID:Biochemical and physiological effects of long-term sublethal T-2 toxin feeding in rabbits. 774 Sep 2


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