Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gold salt-related pneumonitis is now an established clinical entity, but the mechanism for the induction of the pulmonary disease is not known. In 2 patients with this disorder, we observed elaboration of the lymphokines, migration inhibition factor (MIF) and macrophage chemotactic factor (MCF), by peripheral blood lymphocytes after incubation with gold salt. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine was not seen with several different dosages of gold salt. Control lymphocytes from normal subjects, from patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not receiving gold salt, and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving gold salt but without hypersensitivity manifestations, were all unresponsive to the drug. These results suggested that the pneumonitis associated with chrysotherapy is also associated with a specific cellular immune response to the drug. Further, they point to the necessity of evaluating multiple parameters of cellular immunity, because in these patients there was a dissociation between blast transformation and mediator production. In addition, they underscored the need for further observations of cellular responsiveness in patients receiving gold salt therapy with and without overt pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Pneumonitis caused by gold salt therapy: evidence for the role of cell-mediated immunity in its pathogenesis. 677 55

Plasma oncotic pressure (POP), albumin and total protein were measured in 14 patients with thermal injuries varying extent from 16 to 90% of the body surface. The patients were treated with large amounts of balanced salt solutions in the initial phase. There was an abrupt, pronounced decrease in POP to about 51% of the normal during the first 24 h. Despite the low POP values (minimum 0.78 kPa) and marked peripheral oedema, no patient had overt pulmonary oedema. Clinical and roentgenological evidence of pulmonary dysfunction during the initial period was only seen in conjunction with lung burn or aspiration pneumonitis. Oedema-preventing mechanism and inability to detect interstitial pulmonary oedema are discussed as possible explanations. There was no significant correlation between decrease in POP and mortality, but low POP values seemed to persist longer in the patients who died.
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PMID:Plasma oncotic pressure and plasma protein concentration in patients following thermal injury. 746 16

We conducted a surveillance to clarify the relationship between risk factors for diseases of adulthood and lifestyle in a Japanese rural community, Hinohara Village, a small village outside of Tokyo. The survey, carried out from 1981 to 1990 among residents aged 40 and over, comprised physical examination and blood chemistry with a questionnaire about dietary intake. Mean systolic blood pressure significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) from 140.9 mmHg in 1981 to 132.3 mmHg in 1990, whereas mean serum total cholesterol, mainly of male examinees, increased (p < 0.0001) from 181.4 mg/dl in 1981 to 191.7 mg/dl in 1990. Dietary salt intake significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) from 14.3 g/day in 1981 to 12.1 g/day in 1990. Adjusted mortality rate per 1,000 residents from cerebrovascular disease in this village decreased from 1.80 in 1981 to 0.50 in 1990. In contrast to its decline, the mortality rates from heart disease, bronchitis/pneumonia and neoplasms were 0.40, 0.35 and 0.55 in 1981 and increased to 1.25, 1.10 and 0.64 in 1990. The prevailing practice of maintaining a low-salt diet might cause the decrease of systolic blood pressure, which in turn was thought to decrease the mortality rate from cerebrovascular diseases. Although our previous study before 1981 suggested that total cholesterol was one of the preventive factors against cerebrovascular disease, in the present study a preventive effect of cholesterol was not substantiated. In contrast, cholesterol is a possible risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Thus, a changing pattern of risk factors of diseases of adulthood was observed in this village.
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PMID:[A 10-year field surveillance in Hinohara Village of Tokyo Prefecture from 1981 to 1990]. 780 3

To test the feasibility of a regimen of high-dose cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide (VP-16; VIPP regimen), we registered 15 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in a phase I trial of the Northern California Oncology Group. One cycle of treatment consisted of high-dose cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8, VP-16 given at 60-75 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1-3, plus ifosfamide given at 1.0-1.2 g/m2 i.v. on days 1-3; cycles were repeated every 28 days. There were 13 men and 2 women; the median age was 59 years (range, 47-72 years). The median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 90 (range, 70-100). All patients were assessable for toxicity and response. The median number of cycles delivered per patient was two (range, one to four). Hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting and required de-escalation of the ifosfamide and VP-16 doses. Ten patients developed a white blood count of < 1000/mm3 and seven patients developed a platelet count of < 50,000/mm3. The duration of cytopenia increased progressively with each subsequent cycle of therapy. Two patients required antibiotics for neutropenic fever with documented infections (pneumonia, bacteremia). Seven patients received red blood cell transfusions for a hemoglobin level of < 8 gm/dl. Grade III or IV non-hematologic toxicities were uncommon and involved one patient each with grade 3 ototoxicity and grade 3 neurotoxicity. Five patients developed laboratory evidence of renal salt wasting. The overall response rate was 33% (5/15) with a complete response being achieved by two patients (13%) and a partial response being attained by three (20%). The overall median survival was 44 weeks. We conclude that although this regimen demonstrated activity, hematologic toxicity limited its use in the palliative treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Using hemopoietic growth-factor support to permit dose escalation, this schedule of VIPP may be of interest in a number of different chemotherapy-sensitive tumor types.
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PMID:Phase I study of high-dose cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide. 803

In a 62-year old man who consulted for dyspnoea, clinical, radiological and functional examinations led to the diagnosis of immunoallergic lung disease caused by gold salt therapy. Regression of the symptoms when gold salt therapy was withdrawn supported this diagnosis. Contrary to previously published cases concerning treatment with gold salts, the study of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid yielded a lymphocytic alveolitis with a very high CD4/CD8 ratio, as already reported with methotrexate, cyclothiazide and nitrofurantoin. This case can be added to the list of drugs that may induce CD4 alveolitis; it also reminds the existence of gold salt pneumonia and permits to discuss the value of a lymphocyte subpopulation study in the BAL fluid in patients with drug-induced immunoallergic lung diseases.
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PMID:[Gold salt-induced pneumonia and CD4 alveolitis]. 810 58

A 46-year-old male patient underwent long-term hemodialysis treatment had suffered from calciphylaxis (defined by Selye), such symptoms as advanced systemic vascular calcification, rapid progression of gangrene on both fingers and toes, disturbance of consciousness, and sclerosis and obstruction of the superficial vein after venipuncture during 11.5 years of dialysis. Furthermore, he had a long history (30 years) of heavy smoking. He died as a result of sepsis due to pneumonia after 12.5 years of dialysis. He had received dialysis treatment using a small amount of dialysate (50 liters on a recirculating system) for 8.5 years and had been dialysed 2 and 2 or 3 times a week for 10 years. As a result of this insufficient dialysis treatment, his characteristic laboratory data showed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated calcium-phosphorus product, advanced metabolic acidosis, hyperalkaliphosphatemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone. Autopsy revealed the following: 1) enlargement parathyroid gland enlarged in two (4.0 g and 2.0 g, respectively) showing adenomatous hyperplasia presenting cord-like arrangement of chief cells and water-clear cells, 2) systemic medial calcification in radial, ulnar, renal, mesenteric and brain arteries, and 3) Berline-blue positive iron deposit in calcified arteries in mesenteric and parathyroid tissue. From these results, we concluded that factors (challengers) related to the appearance of calciphylaxis might be as follows: 1) advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism, 2) long-term uremic state, 3) administration of VD2 and VD3, 4) iron salt injection, and 5) a long history of heavy smoking. We speculated that these challengers might act synergistically to cause calciphylaxis.
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PMID:[A long-term hemodialysis patient complicated with systemic calciphylaxis]. 823 Aug 23

The properties of an extracellular neuroaminidase produced by a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 strain (isolated from a case of bovine pneumonia) during growth in a defined medium were examined in this investigation. This enzyme, isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of P. haemolytica A1, was active against N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase production paralleled bacterial growth in a defined medium and was maximal in the stationary phase of growth. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. These procedures yielded an enzyme preparation that possessed a specific activity of 100.62 mumol of sialic acid released per min per mg of protein against human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The Km value for this enzyme with human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as the substrate was 1.1 mg/ml, and the enzyme possessed a pH optimum of 6.5. The P. haemolytica A1 neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 as estimated by gel filtration and approximately 170,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was stable at 4 degrees C for 3 h. At 37 degrees C for 3 h, 25% of enzymatic activity was lost. Approximately 55% of the enzyme activity was lost within 30 min at 50 degrees C, with greater than 70% of the enzyme activity being destroyed within 10 min at temperatures of > or = 65 degrees C.
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PMID:Neuraminidase production by a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 strain associated with bovine pneumonia. 841 46

The serum bactericidal activities of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against organisms commonly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias were studied. Ceftizoxime 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 12 hours for two doses and ceftriaxone 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 24 hours for two doses were administered to 20 healthy volunteers in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 2,4,6,8,10, and 12 hours after the second ceftizoxime dose and immediately before and 8,12,16,18,20, and 24 hours after the second ceftriaxone dose. Serum drug concentrations were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum bactericidal titers were determined in duplicate for each serum sample against four clinical isolates of each of the following organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens. The median duration of serum bactericidal activity during the dosage interval was significantly different between antimicrobial regimens only for S. pneumoniae (92% of the dosage interval for ceftizoxime, versus 100% for ceftriaxone). This difference does not appear to be clinically important since ceftizoxime provides adequate serum bactericidal activity for more than 50% of the dosage interval and its effectiveness against pneumococcal pneumonia has been supported in clinical trials. The ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime regimens did not differ significantly in their duration of serum bactericidal activity against six of the seven organisms tested.
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PMID:Serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against pathogens associated with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. 874 64

Two different, inactivated, aluminium salt adsorbed vaccines, one containing a R. equi strain (serotype 1, 10(9) CFU/ml and equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) (1.5 x 10(7) PFU/ml) and another containing R. equi only were used on three studfarms to determine whether the disease can be prevented by vaccination of both pregnant mares and their foals. Pregnant mares received two 3 ml doses of vaccine intramuscularly 6 and 2 weeks before parturition and their foals were vaccinated on two or three occasions at 3, 5 or 7 weeks of age. The efficacy of the vaccines was evaluated on the basis of the clinical signs, serological response (indirect haemagglutination and virus neutralisation tests) and culture of R. equi from sick or dead foals. On studs A and B where the bivalent vaccine was used, 24 and 14 foals were born respectively to the vaccinated mares but no clinical case or death occurred due to R. equi pneumonia, while out of the 10 nonvaccinated control foals (stud B) two succumbed to R. equi pneumonia and 4 other foals had to be treated with antibiotics because of fever, coughing and dyspnea. In stud C, where the vaccine containing R. equi strain alone was used, all 15 vaccinated foals remained healthy but one of the 11 control foals died of suppurative R. equi pneumonia and one foal had to be treated due to R. equi pneumonia. R. equi strains (serotype 1) were isolated from the lungs of all dead foals. The serological response was very weak to both R. equi and the EHV-2 strain. Antibody titres in the colostrum of the vaccinated mares against R. equi (in studs A and B, geometric mean 3.79 +/- 1.63 and 4.14 +/- 1.46, respectively) were practically not higher than titres in the controls (in stud B geometric mean 2.12 +/- 1.96). More antibody was present in the colostrum samples against EHV-2 (geometric mean 6.1 + 1.4 compared to 2.5 +/- 1.2). In all foals antibody levels were hardly detectable against both R. equi and EHV-2 until five weeks of age. From the fifth week, antibody levels gradually increased and by the ninth week their reached a titre of 5.5 +/- 1.8 (2.7 +/- 1.2 in the control foals) against R. equi and 5.2 +/- 1.4 against EHV-2. The favorable clinical results and the low antibody titres in the sera of the vaccinated foals during the first week of life suggest that protection probably was due to repeated vaccination of young foals rather than to vaccination of mares.
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PMID:Prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals using two different inactivated vaccines. 922 35

"Child Survival Activities in Turkey" are: growth monitoring programs, expanded programs of immunization (elimination of neonatal tetanus, reducing morbidity and mortality of measles, eradication of polio), control of diarrheal diseases (oral rehydration therapy), control of deaths from pneumonia (ARI), baby-friendly hospitals initiative and promotion of breast-feeding, salt iodization programs, elimination of vitamin A deficiency, safe motherhood projects, and phenylketonuria screening programs. Furthermore, family planning, nutrition and education of the mother were among the subjects covered because of their role in child health. The activities, aims and strategies related to these programs are taken up separately. The status of child health and some of the child survival and development programs (growth monitoring program, expanded program of immunization, control of diarrheal diseases, control of deaths from pneumonia, baby-friendly hospitals initiative and promotion of breast-feeding) are discussed in the article.
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PMID:The status of child health and child survival and development programs in Turkey. 967 27


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