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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two microimmunodiffusion tests (MIDT) for detection and measurement of ovine progressive pneumonia antibody are described. Substrates of various salt concentrations and pH were used to determine the optimal conditions for the tests. In comparisons between two MIDT and one macroimmunodiffusion test, sera from cull ewes were used. The MIDT require less reagents and were more responsive than the macroimmunodiffusion test. After extended incubation of the test materials, results in all three tests were comparable.
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PMID:Microimmunodiffusion test for diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia. 11 29

Clinical trials were carried out with cafamandole (sodium salt) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; 1. CMD was applied to 13 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient each with submandibular abscess, urinary tract infection and bacterial meningitis. 2. Results were excellent in 1 and good in 13 patients, being overall efficacy rate 93.3%. 3. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient. No other serious side effects were observed or reported.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children (author's transl)]. 38 95

1. Oral administration of DL-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (EN) (0-04 or 0-2 mmol day-1 kg-1) or DL-alpha-tocopharyl acetate (EA) (0-2 mmol day-1 kh-1) delayed the progress of hypertension in unilaterally nephrectomized rats, which were treated with deoxycorticosterone and salt, and in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) which were given sodium chloride solution. Suppression of body weight gain, incidence of pneumonia and mortality were reduced by treatment with EN or EA. 2. Severe hypertension in old SHR (9 months) further progressed, when drinking water was replaced by sodium chloride solution, and four out of ten of these animals died of cerebral haemorrhage during 4 weeks. The administration of EN or EA prevented the increase in blood pressure and incidence of stroke.
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PMID:Anti-hypertensive action of DL-alpha-tocopharyl esters in rats. 107 97

Pseudomonas putrefaciens, a marine organism infrequently found in human culture material, was repeatedly isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia during a three-week period following a salt-water drowning accident. Similar organisms were found in the water at the site of the accident in Boston, and at ocean bathing beaches on nearby Martha's Vineyard.
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PMID:Respiratory colonization with Pseudomonas putrefaciens after near-drowning in salt water. 116 89

From May 1985 through July 1990, 28 episodes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in 27 patients were encountered in five major hospitals in Taiwan. The ages of patients ranged from 19 to 76 years; the ratio of male to female patients was 2:1. Eighteen episodes manifested as bacteremia and eight as wound infections alone. One patient each developed gastroenteritis and pneumonia after nearly drowning. Twenty-three patients exhibited skin manifestations. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and 14 also underwent some form of surgical treatment (incision and drainage, fasciotomy, debridement, or amputation). Thirteen of the 28 episodes were preceded by precipitating factors; most were due to ingestion of seafood or exposure of abraded skin to salt water. Ten of the 18 septicemic patients died--most within 48 hours of hospitalization. One patient without bacteremia who had a wound infection died. Results of in vitro susceptibility studies suggested that ampicillin or a third-generation cephalosporin would be effective. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was observed for greater than 90% of isolates. We recommend combined therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin or ampicillin and an aminoglycoside along with appropriate surgical therapy for the treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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PMID:Vibrio vulnificus infection in Taiwan: report of 28 cases and review of clinical manifestations and treatment. 145 57

The authors show that application of anticipated postoperative intensive care gives the possibility ot obtain more complete effect of compensation. The basic components of this therapy are the following: removal of hypovolemia and anemia, combined (central and regional) anesthesia, prevention of pneumonia, normalization of salt and water exchange, removal of excessive catabolism, adequate ensuring of organism with energy and plastic material for long-time compensation, prophylaxis and treatment of paresis of digestive tract, chemoprophylaxis of wound infection. The proposed program of intensive therapy gives the possibility to minimize the lethality among wounded with penetrating abdominal gunshot injuries and can be used as a basic one for the development of various schemes of intensive therapy for other categories of wounds.
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PMID:[Postoperative intensive therapy in penetrating gunshot wounds of the abdomen]. 157 Jun 95

The leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) was performed in 8 cases of presumed drug-induced pneumonitis. The drugs involved were amiodarone in 3 cases, methotrexate in 2 cases, and fenofibrate, nadolol, and gold salt, each in one case. The agarose microdroplet technique for photoelectric readings of leukocyte migration inhibition was applied in the presence of a wide range of drug concentrations. LMIT was found to be positive in 6 of the 8 cases (75%). The presence of a positive LMIT indicates the elaboration of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor. These results suggest that cell-mediated immunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced pneumonitis and that LMIT may be useful for the detection of causative drugs in patients with this condition.
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PMID:[Leukocyte migration inhibition test in drug-induced pneumonitis]. 162 99

Cefpodoxime proxetil (RU 51807) is an enterally absorbed ester prodrug which is rapidly cleaved in vivo after oral administration, with release of the active free acid metabolite cefpodoxime. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the sodium salt of cefpodoxime (RU 51746) against approximately 800 clinical isolates was evaluated comparatively with other orally active beta-lactams. RU 51746 was found to be active against enterobacteria normally susceptible to third generation cephalosporins, with MIC50 values ranging from 0.02 mg/l (Providencia sp) to 5 mg/l (C. freundii). RU 51746 was also active against H. influenzae, including beta-lactamase producing strains (MIC50 0.04 mg/l), oxa-S S. aureus (2,5), beta-hemolytic streptococci (0.05) and S. pneumoniae (0.002). Oxa-R staphylococci and P. aeruginosa were resistant to RU 51746 (MIC50 greater than 40 mg/l for both organisms). The antibacterial activity of RU 51746 was bactericidal in nature and independent from test conditions. The molecule was stable to all the beta-lactamases studied, with the exception of cefuroximase (type Ic). RU 51746 exhibited no strong inhibitory effects on these enzymes, except with Enterobacter P99 (type Ia). A good correlation was found between in vivo activity of RU 51807 and in vitro activity of RU 51746. Cefpodoxime proxetil was found to be more effective than cefaclor in mice with experimental septicemia caused by various streptococci, with a DP50 ratio in the 10-100 range. This advantage was again evidenced for septicemias due to various enterobacteria. In contrast, cefaclor proved more effective in experimental staphylococcus infections. In mice with experimental pneumonia, cefpodoxime proxetil caused sharp falls in K. pneumoniae lung counts. Six days after induction of the infection, 60% of animals under cefpodoxime proxetil had sterile lungs, versus 25% of animals under amoxicillin.
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PMID:[RU 51807 (cefpodoxime proxetil). In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of a new orally administered active cephalosporin]. 190 3

Intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. Patients with UTI were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. Sputum and urine specimens were collected before, during, and after therapy. For patients with pneumonia, the organisms most frequently isolated before treatment began were Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Of the 17 pneumonia patients who completed ciprofloxacin treatment, 15 (88%) had resolution of signs and symptoms or improvement. Of the 15 ceftazidime-treated pneumonia patients, 13 (87%) had resolution or improvement. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Acinetobacter species, and K. pneumoniae infections persisted for the ciprofloxacin treatment failures. Infections by Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species persisted for the ceftazidime treatment failures. For UTI patients, E. coli was the organism most frequently isolated before treatment. All 14 UTI patients who completed treatment showed resolution or improvement. In the ciprofloxacin group two patients were superinfected by Enterococcus species, and in the ceftazidime group there were two superinfections by Enterococcus species and one by Enterobacter cloacae. Intravenous ciprofloxacin was as effective as ceftazidime in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Caution should be exercised when treating serious infections by streptococci or staphylococci.
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PMID:Intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. 199 86

The pathogenesis of pneumonitis associated with meconium aspiration is poorly understood. To explore the possibility of pulmonary cytotoxicity in association with bile salt exposure and calcium accumulation, we compared cell viability, radiolabeled calcium accumulation, and intracellular [calcium] in the presence and absence of bile salts, chenodeoxycholate, and 3 beta-OH-5-cholenoate. We assessed viability of type II pneumocytes in culture by cell permeability to trypan blue dye, incorporation of leucine into cellular proteins, and cellular morphology. Intracellular calcium concentrations were monitored with fluorescent dye methodology. At micromolar concentrations, the above bile salts increased cell permeability by as much as 9-fold and decreased leucine incorporation by as much as 5-fold. Radiolabeled calcium accumulation increased by as much as 2.5-fold and intracellular [calcium] transiently increased by as much as 6-fold. Studies using bile salts extracted from meconium yielded similar results. Correlation of calcium accumulation to viability studies yielded a direct relationship with cell permeability and an inverse relationship with leucine incorporation. We speculate that bile salt-induced accumulation of intracellular calcium in lung cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of meconium aspiration pneumonitis.
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PMID:Bile salt-induced intracellular Ca++ accumulation in type II pneumocytes. 212 19


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