Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs but it is still largely unknown which host-pathogen interactions enable persistent infection and cause disease. In this study, we analyzed the host and bacterial transcriptomes during infection using RNA sequencing. Comparison of the transcriptome of lung lesion tissue from infected pigs with lung tissue from non-infected animals, identified 424 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 1.5LOG2). These genes were part of the following major pathways of the immune system: interleukin signaling (type 4, 10, 13, and 18), regulation of Toll-like receptors by endogenous ligand and activation of C3 and C5 in the complement system. Besides analyzing the lung transcriptome, a sampling protocol was developed to obtain enough bacterial mRNA from infected lung tissue for RNA sequencing. This was done by flushing infected lobes in the lung, and subsequently enriching for bacterial RNA. On average, 2.2 million bacterial reads were obtained per biological replicate to analyze the bacterial in vivo transcriptome. We compared the in vivo bacterial transcriptome with the transcriptome of bacteria grown in vitro and identified 22 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2LOG2). Six out of seven genes in the operon encoding the mycoplasma specific F1-like ATPase (MHP_RS02445-MHP_RS02475) and all genes in the operon MHP_RS01965-MHP_RS01990 with functions related to nucleotide metabolism, spermidine transport and glycerol-3-phoshate transport were up-regulated in vivo. Down-regulated in vivo were genes related to glycerol uptake, cilium adhesion (P102), cell division and myo-inositol metabolism. In addition to providing a novel method to isolate bacterial mRNA from infected lung, this study provided insights into changes in gene expression during infection, which could help development of novel treatment strategies against enzootic pneumonia caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
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PMID:Combined Transcriptome Sequencing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Infected Pig Lung Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of Bacterial F1-Like ATPase and Down-Regulation of the P102 Cilium Adhesin in vivo. 3276 73

The threat of antibiotic resistance has been increased dramatically during last few years, an old antibiotic agent, fosfomycin, has been re-introduced to fight against infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase -producing K. pneumonia (KPC-KP). However, the trend of fosfomycin resistance among KPC-KP strains is increasing. Eighty KPC-KP clinical isolates were collected from three teaching hospitals during 2014 and 2017 in China. The strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). The fosfomycin resistance phenotype and mechanisms were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and carbon source growth test, respectively. In all KPC-KP strains, 80% (64/80) strains were resistance to fosfomycin and 36.3% (29/80) strains were positive for mobile fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3. Among the 63 strains that were unable to grow in M9 basic medium with glycerol-3-phosphate as the sole carbon source (mutation of the target gene glpt mediated), there was no significant difference regarding to the MIC distribution of fosfomycin between fosA3-positive strains and fosA3-negative strains (P=0.577). Among the 50 strains which were negative for fosA3 but positive for fosA, the MICs of fosfomycin of strains that were unable to grow in M9 basic medium with glycerol-3-phosphate as the sole carbon source were significantly higher than (P<0.001) the strains that were able to grow in M9 basic medium with glycerol-3-phosphate as the sole carbon source. Our findings indicate that fosfomycin resistance among KPC-KP in China was an emerging problem, and the two major mechanisms of resistance identified were plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 and mutation of the target gene glpt.
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PMID:Prevalence and Mechanisms of Fosfomycin Resistance among KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates in China. 3321 65


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