Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a failure to generate immunoglobulins of all isotypes due to the absence of mature B cells and plasma cells, secondary to mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene. We report six patients with XLA, confirmed by mutation analysis, from northern Thailand. The mean age of onset was 2.5 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 7.3 years. All patients had a history of otitis media, pneumonia and arthritis at the time of diagnosis, five patients had developed bronchiectasis and 3 patients septicemia. Other infections reported included sinusitis (5/6), pericarditis (1/6), meningitis (1/6) and pyoderma (1/6). Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated on multiple occasions. One patient died of sepsis at the age of 16 years. These observations demonstrate that early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis and quality of life.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2006 Mar
PMID:X-linked agammaglobulinemia in northern Thailand. 1691 89

The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease burden among children under five years in four Pacific island countries (PIC was estimated. The incidence of confirmed Hib meningitis was calculated using numbers of culture confirmed isolates. In addition, the WHO Hib Rapid Assessment Tool (RAT) was used to estimate the true Hib meningitis incidence and the number of Hib meningitis and pneumonia cases and deaths. The Hib meningitis annual incidence in three PICs was 70 to 84 per 100,000 children under five years. The high Hib disease burden and the relative cost-effectiveness of Hib vaccine, make the introduction of Hib vaccine a good investment for PICs costing US$ 1,000-10,000 for each death prevented - ignoring treatment cost savings.
Pac Health Dialog 2004 Mar
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in children in Pacific countries. 1818 45

The prevalence of malnutrition in Cambodia is among the highest in Southeast Asia, and diarrhea and pneumonia are the leading causes of death among children. Whether these adverse health outcomes are associated with co-existing micronutrient deficiencies is uncertain. We have determined the prevalence of anaemia, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiency and their co-existence among stunted children (77 females; 110 males) aged 6-36 mos. Non-fasting morning venipuncture blood samples were taken and analyzed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (via IMx system), retinol (via HPLC), and Zn (via AAS), C-reactive protein (CRP) (via turbidimetry) and Hb type (AA, AE, or EE) (via Hb gel electrophoresis). Children with CRP>or=5.0 mg/L (n=34) were excluded. Zinc deficiency defined as serum Zn<9.9 micromol/L had the highest prevalence (73.2%), followed by anaemia (71%) (Hb<110 g/L), and then vitamin A deficiency (28.4%) (serum retinol<0.70 micromol/L). Of the anaemic children, only 21% had iron deficiency anaemia, and 6% had depleted iron stores. Age, log serum ferritin, and Hb type were significant predictors of Hb in the AA and AE children. Serum retinol was unrelated to haemoglobin or serum zinc. The prevalence of two or more micronutrient deficiencies (low Hb, serum retinol, and/or serum zinc) was 44%. Nearly 10% had low values for all three indices, and 18% had just one low value. In conclusion, anaemia, and deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamin A are severe public health problems among these stunted Cambodian children. Intervention strategies addressing multiple micronutrient deficiencies are needed.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008
PMID:Co-existing micronutrient deficiencies among stunted Cambodian infants and toddlers. 1836 30

IgG subclass deficiencies are common immune system disorders during childhood. The aim of this retrospective study was to review clinical findings and laboratory results of patients with IgG subclass deficiencies in order to determine the changes in serum IgG subclass levels during follow-up, the percentage and time span until normalization of the IgG subclass levels to age-corresponding normal levels, the type of infections incurred and the benefits of prophylaxis. Among the 59 pediatric patients reviewed, the most frequent defect was an IgG3 subclass deficiency (77%). Nine percent of the patients had an isolated IgG2 deficiency and 14% had an IgG2+G3 deficiency. The most common clinical presentations were recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, followed by pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections. Atopy was present in 15% of the patients. Ninety percent of the patients were given a prophylactic treatment (benzathine penicillin, oral antibiotics, oral bacterial lysate or intravenous immunoglobulin). The frequency of recurrent infections decreased from 13.4 +/- 7.4 per year to 5.7 +/- 3.9 in patients receiving a prophylactic regimen. Serum IgG subclass levels reached normal ranges in 30% of the patients in the IgG3 deficiency group and in 35.7% of the patients in the IgG2+G3 deficiency group. Patients with an isolated IgG2 deficiency did not reach age-related normal levels during the study period. Our study shows that IgG subclass levels may normalize in 30 to 40% of patients at about 6 years of age. We emphasize the need of monitoring IgG levels together with the clinical symptomatology in affected individuals and initiate preventive measures when appropriate.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2009 Mar
PMID:Clinical and laboratory evaluation of periodically monitored Turkish children with IgG subclass deficiencies. 1954 29

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare idiopathic primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by a triad of findings, including high levels of serum IgE, recurrent skin abscesses and pneumonia and leads to pneumatocele formation. The diagnosis of HIES is complicated by a diversity of clinical and immunological spectrums and a heterogeneous set of genetic defects. The National Institute of Health (NIH) developed a scoring system for HIES in which a score greater than 14 indicates a probable diagnosis. Our patient presented with recurrent multiple abscesses on her scalp, recalcitrant eczema, candida onychomycosis, alopecia universalis, and highly elevated levels of serum IgE. Using the NIH scoring system, a 30 total-point score in this patient indicated the likelihood of carrying the HIES genotype. To our knowledge, there are no specific treatments of HIES. The humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against IgE, subcutaneous omalizumab, was successfully used in this patient.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2009 Dec
PMID:Role of omalizumab in a patient with hyper-IgE syndrome and review dermatologic manifestations. 2023 78

Melioidosis, a disease of public health importance in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, of late has shown an increasing trend in India, particularly Southern India. We describe a case of a 39-year-old diabetic patient with left elbow septic arthritis, multiple liver, splenic abscesses, pneumonia, pleural effusion, followed by sepsis syndrome. Blood cultures and culture of the joint aspirate yielded pure growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pesudomallei), sensitive to carbapenem, co-trimoxazole and resistant to ceftazidime. The patient was successfully treated with imipenem- cilastin. He was discharged on co-trimoxazole to complete the 24 weeks course and follow-up has continued to date. The patient continues to remain asymptomatic. The case re-emphasizes the need to monitor the trend of B. pseudomallei in India, particularly the development of ceftazidime resistance, which incidentally is the drug of choice.
Asian Pac J Trop Med 2012 Apr
PMID:Ceftazidime resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei: first report from India. 2244 29

Two adult female bontebok (Damaliscus pygarus dorcas) were euthanized because of signs of pneumonia and weakness (case 1), and a nonresponsive lameness with draining fistula (case 2). Necropsy findings were similar in both cases and consisted of disseminated granulomatous lesions in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, pleural surfaces, and multiple lymph nodes. Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from both cases after multiple attempts on a variety of samples by two laboratories. The remaining four animals in the herd were tested for antibody responses using the Chembio ElephantTB STAT-PAK, DPP VetTB kits, and multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), for immune reaction using the intradermal tuberculin test, and by tracheal wash cultures, and thoracic radiographs. Banked serum samples collected in 2005 and obtained from the original institution, revealed 1/9 (11.11%) seropositive animals using the three immunoassays. Retesting the current herd in 2008 showed 2/6 (33.33%) seropositive animals by the three tests, with MAPIA demonstrating antibody reactivity to MPB83 and MPB70 proteins. Inconsistent intradermal tuberculin test results, cross-reactivity in serologic assays designed for tuberculosis detection, difficulty in obtaining definitive identification by culture, and inability to identify a source of infection created challenges in distinguishing the atypical mycobacteriosis due to M. kansasii from the initially suspected tuberculous infection in this herd. Owing to regulatory considerations, differences in host-to-host transmission, and source of infection between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria, correct diagnosis is crucial for management of these diseases in wildlife species.
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PMID:Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a bontebok (Damaliscus pygaragus dorcas) herd: diagnostic challenges in differentiating from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. 2295 Mar 20

Radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis are the main complications with radiotherapy for thoracic neoplasms, directly limiting the efficient dose in clinical application and currently there are few medicines that effectively function as radioprotectants. However, a TLR5 agonist, CBLB502, was confirmed to have protective efficacy against hematopoietic and gastrointestinal radiation syndromes in mice and primates. This study points to a new direction for protection against thoracic radiation-induced pulmonary syndromes and skin injury by CBLB502. We utilized the TUNEL assay, pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry to obtain evidence that CBLB502 could alleviate the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis as well as radiation- induced skin injury. It may thus play a promising role in facilitating clinical radiotherapy of thoracic neoplasms.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012
PMID:Toll-like receptor 5 agonism protects mice from radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. 2316 16

A 44-year-old woman was hospitalized with a 2-day history of cough, sputum, and fever. There was no history of atopic dermatitis or asthma. On admission, the chest X-ray revealed scattered infiltration in the left upper lung fields. Further examination revealed peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed eosinophilic pneumonia, with eosinophil infiltration of the alveoli, destroyed basal lumina, and connecting intraluminal fibrosis of the alveolar walls. Based on the findings, we made the diagnosis of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Treatment with prednisolone at 60 mg/day resulted in dramatic improvement of both the symptoms and the radiologic abnormalities.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2012 Dec
PMID:Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia presenting with acute onset. 2339 13

We communicate the diagnosis by microscopy of a pulmonary coinfection produced by Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jiroveci, from a respiratory secretion obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of an AIDS patient. Our review of literature identified this coinfection as unusual presentation. Opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection are increasingly recognized. It may occur at an early stage of HIV-infection. Whereas concurrent opportunistic infections may occur, coexisting Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and disseminated cryptococcosis with cryptococcal pneumonia is uncommon. The lungs of individuals infected with HIV are often affected by opportunistic infections and tumours and over two-thirds of patients have at least one respiratory episode during the course of their disease. Pneumonia is the leading HIV-associated infection. We present the case of a man who presented dual Pneumocystis jiroveci and cryptococcal pneumonia in a patient with HIV. Definitive diagnosis of PCP and Cryptococcus requires demonstration of these organisms in pulmonary tissues or fluid. In patients with < 200/microliter CD4-lymphocytes, a bronchoalveolar lavage should be performed. This patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. After 1 week the patient showed clinical and radiologic improvement and was discharged 3 weeks later.
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012 Jan
PMID:Pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jiroveci and Cryptococcus neoformans. 2356 40


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