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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefuroxime is a new parenteral antibiotic with a wider spectrum of activity than earlier cephalosporins and is particularly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including strains resistant to ampicillin due to beta-lactamase production. From 18 centres, 274 patients suffering with 275 infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium using the standard regimen of 750 mg 8-hourly by intramuscular injection. The clinical results showed a 90% success rate in the patients with bronchopneumonia (105), 91% in patients with post-operative pneumonia (74), and 89% in the patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (96). Renal function was closely monitored during therapy, and no adverse changes attributable to cefuroxime therapy were seen in any patient, including those who also received frusemide. Two patients (0.7%) developed a rash, although 8 penicillin-allergic patients were treated without incident. From these studies, it can be concluded that 750 mg cefuroxime 8-hourly is effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. It is suggested that the attributes of this antibiotic may offer several advantages over existing therapies.
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PMID:Cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 37 91

Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin, was given in doses of 750 mg and 1000 mg three times daily for 10 days to 99 patients in a double-blind comparison. Patients were moderately or severely ill with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, often accompanied by pneumonia. Both doses were equally efficacious in improving the clinical state and sputum purulence and in maintaining the improvement.
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PMID:Cefuroxime in severe respiratory infections: a double-blind comparison of two doses. 40 Jan 10

In a large multinational study, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of intravenous cefuroxime 750 mg t.i.d. followed by oral cefuroxime axetil 500 mg b.i.d. was compared to that of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (CA) administered as 1.2 g intravenously t.i.d. followed by 625 mg orally t.i.d. in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalised patients. A total of 512 patients were entered (256 in each treatment group). All were suffering from pneumonia or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis and required initial parenteral antibiotic therapy. Parenteral therapy lasted 48 to 72 h and was followed by five days of oral therapy. The clinical responses in the two treatment groups were very similar: 223 of 256 (87.1%) patients were cured or improved with cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil compared to 220 of 256 (85.9%) with amoxicillin/CA. Positive pre-treatment sputum samples were obtained from 44% of the patients. Clearance rates obtained were again similar: 72.8% with cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil and 70% with amoxicillin/CA. Ten percent of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers, similar numbers of which were cleared in both groups. Both regimens were generally well tolerated, with only 5% of patients treated with the cefuroxime regimen and 4.3% of patients treated with amoxicillin/CA experiencing drug-related adverse events. Cefuroxime/cefuroxime axetil "follow-on" therapy produces clinical and bacteriological efficacy equivalent to that of amoxicillin/CA, with the advantage of twice daily oral administration.
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PMID:Cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil versus amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. 139 25

The development of pneumonia is a life-threatening event in a nursing home resident. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are major identifiable bacterial pathogens. Some elderly patients with pneumonia can be effectively treated in the nursing home. The clinical impression of pneumonia merits radiologic confirmation. Cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefaclor offer theoretic advantages in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents.
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PMID:Pneumonia in the elderly: a nursing home perspective. 388 18

Patients with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive cefuroxime (group A) or tobramycin plus ampicillin (Group B) during 86 febrile episodes. In both regimens carbenicillin was added during neutropenia (71% of all episodes: groups C and D). The most common type of infection was pneumonia (48% alone; 72% with other sites involved), which accounted for a high fatality rate (15%); the highest rate occurred during septicemia with pneumonia (50%). The overall response rate to initial therapy was 63% without significant differences among the four regimens. The worst prognosis was observed in neutropenic patients without granulocyte recovery. When initial and cross-over trials were combined, there were favorable outcomes in 90% of all cases. Cefuroxime alone seems to be as effective as tobramycin plus ampicillin in the treatment of infections in hematologic malignancies. No side effects could be attributed to the cefuroxime-containing regimens.
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PMID:Empiric therapy of infections in hematologic malignancies: a prospective, randomized trial. 667 35

Because Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae b and Staphylococcus aureus are the major causes of bacterial pneumonia in infancy, we customarily have given a beta-lactam antibiotic and chloramphenicol as initial antibiotic therapy. Cefuroxime (75 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours iv or im) was evaluated as single drug therapy in an open study of 100 infants and children with suspected bacterial pneumonia. The mean serum concentration of cefuroxime 30 minutes after a 15-minute infusion of 25 mg/kg iv was 29.1 micrograms/ml, and the volume of distribution was 695 ml/kg. Pleural fluid concentrations in 3 specimens were 2.2, 8.5 and 11 micrograms/ml. Median age of patients was 15 months. Bacterial etiology was established in 20 patients: H. influenzae b (8 patients); pneumococcus (8 patients); S. aureus (2 patients); Group A streptococcus (1 patient); Neisseria meningitidis B (1 patient). All organisms were susceptible to 1.25-micrograms/ml doses or less of cefuroxime. The mean number of days was 3.1 until patients became afebrile and 5.1 until respiratory symptoms were gone. Eosinophilia occurred in 10 patients. Cefuroxime is safe and effective single drug therapy for pneumonia in infants and children.
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PMID:Cefuroxime therapy for pneumonia in infants and children. 675 4

Cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. 750 mg of cefuroxime were given to 57 patients and 500 mg of ampicillin to 54 patients by intramuscular injection three times daily for 7-10 days. The patients had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with or without pneumonia, a few had bronchiectasis and an underlying bronchial carcinoma was present in nearly a quarter. By the end of treatment the sputum, initially always mucopurulent, had become mucoid in 87.7% of patients receiving cefuroxime in comparison to 48.1% of those receiving ampicillin. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 94.7 and 68.5%, respectively. Both these differences between cefuroxime and ampicillin are statistically significant (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Cefuroxime and ampicillin compared in a double-blind study in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. 702 11

Cefuroxime is a very effective agent for the treatment of severe purulent respiratory infections. 190 patients with purulent exacerbations of bronchitis or bronchiectasis, pneumonia or secondarily infected lung cancer received 2.25--3.0 g cefuroxime daily for an average of 9 days. A good clinical response was seen in 91% of 184 assessable patients. A remarkable improvement in sputum purulence was observed and side-effects to cefuroxime were minimal.
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PMID:Experience with cefuroxime in 190 patients with severe respiratory infections. 736 15

For children with acute respiratory infections in hospital, it is desirable to transfer from parenteral to oral therapy at the earliest opportunity. The introduction of a pediatric suspension of cefuroxime axetil provides a continuous course of one antibiotic with transition from injectable to oral therapy. This open study was designed to investigate the efficacy of cefuroxime in pediatric patients aged 3 months to 5 years with community-acquired pneumonia. Children had evidence of lobar pneumonia on chest X-ray, a white blood cell count of > 15,000/mm3 and a rectal temperature of > or = 38.5 degrees C on enrollment. Cefuroxime was given by i.v. injection at 75 mg/kg per day in three divided doses for 48-72 h followed by oral cefuroxime suspension at 30 mg/kg per day in two divided doses. Of 84 evaluable patients 82 (97.6%) were cured or improved post-treatment, and of 74 evaluable children who returned for follow-up assessment 73 (98.6%) remained well. Oral therapy with twice daily cefuroxime axetil suspension following 2-3 days of i.v. cefuroxime administration was confirmed as effective and safe treatment for lobar pneumonia in children under 5 years of age.
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PMID:Cefuroxime efficacy in pneumonia: sequential short-course i.v./oral suspension therapy. 808 80

In most cases of respiratory tract infection, antibiotic therapy has to be initiated before the results of microbiological examination are available. The four most common pathogens of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Pneumococci are the predominant pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, followed by H. influenzae and staphylococci. Legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia vary in frequency according to the population studied. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Klebsiella spp. as well as H. influenzae are the major pathogens of secondary pneumonia. For reasons of cost and environmental problems, oral antibiotics ought to be used whenever possible considering the severity of the infection and patient circumstance. Parenteral antibiotics are indicated in severe infections in order to provide high therapeutic drug levels. Second generation cephalosporins are appropriate for initial therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. In case of severe infection, cephalosporins should be combined with an aminoglycoside, ureidopenicillin or quinolone. Cefuroxime has shown good clinical efficacy and tolerance in lower respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Parenteral cephalosporins for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections]. 831 90


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