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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bleeding occur frequently in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although unexpected bleeding after this surgery is common, reducing this bleeding is a desirable clinical goal, because such bleeding is associated with adverse outcomes. Bleeding during and after cardiac operations and the hemodilution effects of cardiopulmonary bypass commonly result in blood transfusions. Despite institutional efforts to curtail the frequency of blood transfusions in cardiac operation, the frequency remains high. If transfusions were completely safe, differing thresholds would not matter. However, the adverse reactions associated with transfusions are: febrile reactions, hemolytic and infectious complications may occur. Most recently, blood transfusions have been linked to postoperative wound infections, pneumonia, renal dysfunction, severe sepsis, hospital mortality and increased 5-year mortality.
Arch Cardiol Mex
PMID:[Risk of blood transfusion in cardiac surgery]. 1701 81

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic medication used extensively to treat ventricular arrhythmias. It is pharmacologically classified as a cationic amphiphilic drug due to its polar and apolar components. During the past few years, amiodarone has proved to be an effective treatment therapy for patients with ventricular dysfunctions, regardless of the etiology, and in particular ventricular arrhythmia associated with Chagas disease. Nevertheless, despite its hemodynamic and electrophysiological benefits, amiodarone produces serious collateral effects such as a bluish skin discoloration, photosensitivity, thyroid dysfunction, corneal deposit, peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow suppression, hepatitis, heart blocks, pneumonitis, among others. The objective of this case report is to discuss one of the most serious complications related to amiodarone, pulmonary toxicity, which is described as a differential diagnosis for a chagasic patient that was on the waiting list for a heart transplant. Amiodarone pneumonitis is a relevant differential diagnosis for heart failure (HF) patients using amiodarone that are admitted to the emergency ward with dyspnea.
Arq Bras Cardiol 2006 Sep
PMID:The importance of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity in the differential diagnosis of a patient with dyspnea awaiting a heart transplant. 1705 13

A 57 year old female with rheumatic heart disease affecting both aortic and mitral valves underwent double valve replacement. The presence of small aortic and mitral annuli contributed to a series of intraoperative complications: left coronary ostium occlusion and type III atrioventricular groove disruption. The latter was repaired with a generous fresh autologous pericardial double layer patch and implant of a bileaflet mechanical prosthesis over the patch. Postoperatively, the patient developed prolonged respiratory insufficiency and pneumonia, transient myocardial dysfunction and acute renal failure. She was eventually discharged home without residual defects.
Arq Bras Cardiol 2006 Dec
PMID:Technical challenges and complications of double valve replacement in the presence of small aortic and mitral annuli. 1726 95

A teenager with longstanding arterial hypertension was admitted for acute pneumonia treatment. New onset atypical chest pain for the last months and aortic valve regurgitation were also present. A dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta with moderate aortic valve regurgitation was evidenced by laboratorial diagnostic. Aneurismectomy with aortic valve preservation and coronary artery reimplantation was carried out.
Int J Cardiol 2007 Jun 12
PMID:Ascending aorta dissecting aneurysm in a teenager with isolated systemic hypertension. 1739 6

The incidence of purulent pericarditis has declined, however mortality remains high. Few cases so far of cardiac tamponade related with purulent pericarditis which is a rare complication of pneumococcal pneumonia have been published in the literature. We report a case of the development of cardiac tamponade due to pneumococcal pneumonia and emphasize the importance of early recognition, prompt institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and early surgical drainage for survival.
Int J Cardiol 2007 Jun 25
PMID:An unusual complication of pneumococcal pneumonia: acute tamponade due to purulent pericarditis. 1744 22

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that usually affects the aorta and its primary branches and occasionally the coronary arteries. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who was presented with chest pain and was referred to our institution with the presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia and sepsis. Ultimately, the patient's chest pain was attributed to myocardial infarction secondary to coronary occlusion from TA. She underwent a successful stenting of the left main coronary artery with sirolimus-eluting stent. In a review of the literature, we discuss the demographic profile, clinical and radiographic findings, and available therapeutic options.
Pediatr Cardiol
PMID:Left main coronary occlusion from Takayasu arteritis in an 8-year-old child. 1750 66

A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for pneumonia. On admission, electrocardiography showed ST segmental elevation and echocardiography showed abnormal movement of the left ventricular walls. Emergent coronary angiography was not performed because of his high C-reactive protein values and negative troponin T value. On the 3rd day, electrocardiography showed torsades de pointes and long QT interval, then intravenous lidocaine (1,000 mg/day) was started. Left ventriculography demonstrated takotsubo cardiomyopathy on the 9th day. Torsades de pointes disappeared with intravenous lidocaine therapy, and he was discharged on the 27th day. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has a relatively good prognosis, and rarely causes sudden death and congestive heart failure. Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation complicate this disease in 9% of patients. To prevent fatal arrhythmia, appropriate therapy against torsades de pointes should be considered.
J Cardiol 2007 Jul
PMID:[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with torsades de pointes and long QT interval: a case report]. 1768 32

A 22-year-old man with incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) associated with pneumococcal meningitis without obvious heart disease manifesting as febrile sensation and severe headache visited our emergency department. Initial electrocardiography showed ventricular premature couplets, but the rhythm grew more serious and developed into incessant monomorphic VT resulting in an electrical storm. After examining the cerebrospinal fluid, bacterial meningitis was suspected. The electrical storm ended 21 hr after he had received conservative treatment for meningitis. Streptococcus pneumonia was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid. No VT was observed during the remainder of the hospital stay and could not be induced in the electrophysiological study.
J Cardiol 2007 Aug
PMID:Incessant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with pneumococcal meningitis: a case report. 1780 97

Abciximab, a platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor, has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is a well-documented increase in bleeding risk associated with the use of this agent. Spontaneous pulmonary hemorrhage is a particularly rare and easily misdiagnosed complication that requires early diagnosis to ensure patient survival. A 61-year-old man presented to the emergency department with chest pain and inferolateral ST elevation on electrocardiogram. A paclitaxel drug-eluting stent was then placed in the left circumflex artery, without complications. Abciximab (a bolus of 0.25 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 10 mg/min for 12 h) was given. Approximately 20 min later, the patient developed dyspnea and hemoptysis. A chest radiograph revealed new bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates, and the patient was started on empirical antibiotics for pneumonia. Because of increasing dyspnea and somnolence, the patient was intubated and bronchoscopy was performed, revealing serial hemorrhagic returns from the left lower lobe, diagnostic of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and judged to be secondary to abciximab, given the time course. All antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents were stopped. The patient stabilized over the next several days, with some recurrent hemoptysis, and was successfully extubated seven days later. Prognosis remains poor in GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and early diagnosis is critical so that antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents may be discontinued in a timely manner. A high degree of suspicion is required when treating a patient who presents with dyspnea and new radiological infiltrates after receiving a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor.
Can J Cardiol 2008 Feb
PMID:Abciximab-induced alveolar hemorrhage after percutaneous coronary intervention. 1827 91

Dyspnea is a primary clinical manifestation of acute congestive heart failure (CHF) among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Unfortunately, other critical illnesses, including acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia, may present with clinical symptoms and signs similar to acute CHF. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has proven to be a powerful tool in the diagnostic assessment of dyspnea as a result of its ability to confirm or exclude the presence of acute CHF. However, many of the disorders that mimic acute CHF may result in elevated NT-proBNP levels as well. Results from the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) study recently demonstrated that a strategy integrating NT-proBNP testing into routine clinical assessment demonstrated a better diagnostic yield than each strategy used in isolation. We present a diagnostic algorithm integrating NT-proBNP testing with clinical assessment for use in routine clinical practice.
Crit Pathw Cardiol 2004 Dec
PMID:A clinical and biochemical critical pathway for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute congestive heart failure: The ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) algorithm. 1834 Jan 69


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