Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutrophilic granulocytes in the lower respiratory tract are of decisive importance for the elimination of pathogenic germs in bacterial pneumonia. On the other hand, the liberation of phagocyte products (e.g. elastase) can result in tissue damage in the parenchyma of the lungs. For this reason, we determined in patients suffering from acute pneumonia (n = 21), in patients with acute pneumonia associated with immunosuppression (n = 12), in patients who had overcome their pneumonia (n = 9) and in controls (n = 17) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and in plasma, the concentration of the locally produced granulocyte products myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (LF) and elastase-alpha 1 proteinase complex (ELA) as well as of the alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 Pi) and alpha 2 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 2 Pi) via chemoluminescence immunoassay, and compared the same with the differential cell count in the BALF. The protein concentrations were referred to the albumin concentration (Alb) for standardisation. This concentration did not differ significantly between the various patients and control groups. The BALF concentration of ELA in the group with pneumonia (median: 86.3 micrograms/l or 8.5 micrograms/mg Alb) was about eight times higher than in the group of patients suffering from pneumonia with immunosuppression (median: 16 micrograms/l or 1.0 micrograms/l Alb, p less than 0.001) or in whom the pneumonia was no longer present (17.6 micrograms/l or 0.5 micrograms/mg), and approximately 40 times higher than in the control group (3 micrograms/l or 0.2 micrograms/mg, respectively). Similar results were obtained for LF (61 micrograms/mg Alb vs. 11.3; 16.8 and 5.9 micrograms/mg; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma in pneumonia]. 131 65

Lactoferrin was estimated in human blood serum of 292 healthy persons and of 518 patients with various tumoral and non-tumoral diseases by means of an immunoenzymatic assay. The highest content of lactoferrin was detected under conditions of lymphogranulomatosis, malignant tumors of colon and acute pneumonia, while the protein concentration was decreased in impairments of liver tissue and in cancer of prostate.
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PMID:[Serum lactoferrin level in normal conditions and in pathology]. 238 40

The interrelationships between various components of the non-immune inflammatory response (white cell count, plasma lactoferrin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, iron and iron-binding capacity), were studied serially in a variety of inflammatory conditions including acute lobar pneumonia, active pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis on gold therapy and sepsis in the face of marrow hypoplasia induced by chemotherapy. Lactoferrin concentrations paralleled the white count in all groups. They were highest in pneumonia and tuberculosis, mildly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and markedly decreased in neutropenic sepsis. Very high initial lactoferrin concentrations were associated with a poor prognosis in acute pneumonia. C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations remained elevated through the period of study in acute pneumonia and neutropenic sepsis, while they gradually normalised over weeks in subjects with tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis on therapy. In pneumonia and tuberculosis moderate hypoferraemia and a reduced iron-binding capacity were evident. In contrast, a raised percentage saturation was present in neutropenic sepsis, probably related to erythroid marrow suppression. Comparisons between ferritin, lactoferrin and C-reactive protein in the various groups supported the concept that ferritin behaves in part as an acute phase reactant and that hypoferraemia in inflammation is due to deviation of iron into ferritin stores. The suggestion that lactoferrin is responsible for the hypoferraemia and hyperferritinaemia was not supported by the present data. Iron deficiency appeared to limit the hyperferritinaemic response in rheumatoid arthritis, while erythropoietic inhibition by chemotherapy dampened the hypoferraemic response in neutropenic sepsis.
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PMID:The non-immune inflammatory response: serial changes in plasma iron, iron-binding capacity, lactoferrin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. 378 68

Highly purified lactoferrin was obtained from human breast milk by sequential use of affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. IgG antibody to purified lactoferrin was used to develop a sensitive and reproducible enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Characteristics of the assay included linearity over a wide range of lactoferrin concentration (3.125-200 micrograms/l) and sensitivity (lower range less than 1 microgram/l). The assay can be adapted for use on tissue cytosol as well as plasma. Healthy subjects showed plasma lactoferrin levels ranging from 187.5-450.1 micrograms/l. Pulmonary tuberculosis and acute pneumonia are associated with a 2-3-fold increase in plasma lactoferrin content while neutropenic subjects have markedly depressed lactoferrin concentrations. The assay will be useful for further delineation of lactoferrin and neutrophil function and turnover.
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PMID:Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for lactoferrin. Plasma and tissue measurements. 393 Jan

A 5-year-old child presented with pneumonia and agranulocytosis. A Wright-stained peripheral blood smear showed only cells which had the morphological appearance of lymphocytes, plus a few monocytes and eosinophils. A bone marrow aspirate smear showed a complete lack of recognizable granulocyte precursors. However, the admission CBC and differential performed by automated flow cytochemistry (Technicon Instruments Corporation H-6000) measured 32% granulocytes as determined by peroxidase activity. Cytochemical stains on the blood and marrow smears revealed that many of the cells that had the morphological appearance of lymphocytes were positive for myeloperoxidase activity. Special studies on these cells revealed them to be abnormal, intermediate granulocytes with azurophilic, peroxidase-containing primary granules, but with few secondary granules and limited lactoferrin activity. Over 28 days the child recovered, first with granulocytic hyperplasia in the marrow and then a return of the peripheral blood to normal. This is the first case report of an episode of transient "agranulocytosis" which in reality was a maturation arrest.
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PMID:Transient granulocyte maturation arrest: discovery by flow cytometry of a variant form of agranulocytosis. 403 47

Polyclonal antibodies were prepared to purified breast milk lactoferrin and used in an ELISA to measure plasma concentrations in investigations of various aspects of the inflammatory response. They were also used, in situ, to evaluate granulocyte lactoferrin content in disease states. The first series of studies addressed the putative role of lactoferrin in the pathogenesis of the hypoferremic, hyperferritinemic response to acute inflammation. Dissociation between the lactoferrin response and the iron related changes in rheumatoid arthritis and after alpha-interferon administration suggested that the relationship observed in acute and chronic bacterial infection may reflect coincidental effects of inflammatory cytokines. That lactoferrin does not mediate the inflammatory hypoferremic response was established by the finding that bone marrow transplant recipients, post-myeloablation, developed a hypoferremic response during septic episodes despite virtually undetectable plasma lactoferrin concentrations. The second series of investigations employed the plasma lactoferrin concentration as an index of granulocyte activation and function in a number of inflammatory conditions. Markedly increased initial plasma concentrations in acute pneumonia reflecting profound intravascular granulocyte activation were documented to predict sepsis related mortality. Plasma and granulocyte lactoferrin studies established that viral infection is associated with an acquired granulocyte lactoferrin deficiency. Plasma measurements indicated that asthmatics, even when clinically asymptomatic, have evidence of persistent granulocyte activation.
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PMID:Lactoferrin and the inflammatory response. 776 25

Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. The inflammatory response to such infection is an important protective process and has been suggested to be less effective in elderly patients. To investigate the inflammatory response in respiratory infections acquired in the community by elderly people we studied 52 consecutive patients who met the criteria for either a non-pneumonic chest infection or pneumonia. After exclusion, 41 patients were available for evaluation, with 25 fulfilling the criteria of pneumonia and 16 the criteria of chest infection. Pyrexia was a feature of the patients with pneumonia. Circulating levels of neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex and C-reactive protein were greater in the patients with pneumonia than in those with a chest infection and were reduced following antibiotic treatment. No changes occurred in the chest infection group for these markers of inflammation. In both groups, a further neutrophil granule protein, lactoferrin, was unaffected by antibiotic treatment. This study indicates that elderly patients with pneumonia can initiate an appropriate inflammatory response as demonstrated by clinical indicators and circulating mediators of the inflammatory response.
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PMID:Inflammatory markers of lower respiratory tract infection in elderly people. 797 76

A rare case of a 71-year-old man with malignant oncocytoma is presented. The tumour was found in the left parotid region with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. The resected parotid mass consisted of three discrete nodules, each histologically characterized by a uniform proliferation of oncocytic tumour cells. The patient underwent repeated operations for recurrences and metastases, and eventually died of acute pneumonia 18 months after the first admission. Metastases to the lymph nodes, ribs, spine and liver had been clinically pointed out. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lactoferrin, secretory component and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), while they were negative for S-100 protein and HHF35 (muscle specific actin). Ultrastructural pictures disclosed numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells, revealing neither myofibrils nor secretory granules. These findings therefore support the concept that this tumour is of a glandular epithelial origin.
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PMID:Malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland: a case report with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 844 23

The serum concentration of YKL-40, a matrix protein of specific granules in neutrophils, was determined by RIA in 90 patients hospitalized with pneumonia of suspected bacterial origin. Of these, 64 were followed prospectively during antibiotic treatment with blood samples taken on day 0 (on admission and the start of treatment) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 21. Serum YKL-40 at admission was increased in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (median, 893 microgram/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 704-1560), compared with healthy subjects (median, 102 microgram/L; 95% CI, 64-247 microgram/L; P<.001) and in patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology (median, 448 microgram/L; 95% CI, 334-700; P<.05). Peak YKL-40 serum values were observed on day 1 and thereafter declined steeply to almost normal by day 3. During the first 10 days, there was a close relation between serum YKL-40 and markers of specific granules of neutrophils (serum lactoferrin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), which suggests that serum YKL-40 reflects exocytosis of specific granules of neutrophils in persons with acute bacterial pneumonia.
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PMID:YKL-40, a matrix protein of specific granules in neutrophils, is elevated in serum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. 1051 41

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is medium blood vessels vasculitis with predilection for lungs in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and positive ANCA in the sera in 55-67%. This is a case report of a 60 years old female patient with bronchial asthma, peripherial pulmonary infiltrations, blood eosinophilia, xerophtalmia, tachycardia, chronic rhinosinustis, polyneuropathia and negative imunological tests: CIC (PEG), CRYO, ANA (IIF), RF (aglutination) and ANCA (IFF: pANCA and cANCA; ELISA: proteinase 3, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase. elastase, cathepsin G). Eosinophilic infiltrates in the tissues tested by skin and salivery gland biopsies were not found. The patient had fulfilled five clinical diagnostic criteria and responded well to imunosuppressive therapy, so this case could be classified as the ANCA negative angiitis and granulomatosis of CSS type.
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PMID:[The Churg-Strauss syndrome]. 1205 75


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