Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was administered subcutaneously or intranasally to hamsters to examine the effect of route of administration on immunogenicity and protective effect. Parenterally administered vaccine in the doses employed induced serum complement-fixing antibody formation, but did not significantly decrease the frequency of pneumonia following challenge with virulent M. pneumoniae. Intranasally instilled vaccine was ineffective in stimulating serum antibody, but did diminish the frequency of experimentally induced pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae. However, a greater degree of resistance was induced by intranasal infection with either wild-type organisms or the ts 640 attenuated mutant of M. pneumoniae.
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PMID:Immunoprophylaxis of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: effect of route of administration on the immunogenicity and protective effect of inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccine. 87 18

We recently reported the first case of accidental aspiration of polyacrylamide occurring in a 26-year-old man. The patient developed severe airway obstruction and parenchymal lung damage and died. Autopsy revealed numerous polyacrylamide particles in his lungs, as well as extensive bronchiolar and alveolar damage. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric assessment of the lung tissue failed to reveal polyacrylamide activity, although assessment of the suspending solvent of the polyacrylamide showed a pattern characteristic of an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture with a prominent dodecane peak. This experimental study was performed to determine the nature and extent of damage to rat bronchial and alveolar epithelia following endotracheal instillation of polyacrylamide, hydrocarbon mixture (petroleum distillate), dodecane (C12H26), or normal saline. The rat lungs were examined grossly and microscopically 10 min and 24, 72, and 96 h after endotracheal instillation, following inflation and fixation with 10 percent buffered formaldehyde. Gross examination revealed congested, mottled visceral pleural surfaces in the rats treated with polyacrylamide and dodecane. There were no pleural exudates or effusions. Microscopically, vascular engorgement, bronchiolitis, and focal pneumonia were observed. Vascular engorgement was most pronounced at 72 to 96 h in rat lungs treated with polyacrylamide and dodecane and was moderate at 24 h in rats treated with petroleum distillate. Focal organizing pneumonia was marked at 96 h in rats treated with petroleum distillate, at 72 h in those treated with polyacrylamide, and at 24 h in those treated with dodecane. The saline-treated control animals showed no change. Our findings suggest that polyacrylamide, dodecane, and petroleum distillate are strong irritants to the airways. However, a direct obstructive/mechanical effect of the polyacrylamide upon the airway has not been excluded. Airway exposure to polyacrylamide may result in lung injury secondary to the polyacrylamide itself, its suspending agents, or both.
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PMID:Experimental polyacrylamide-induced acute injury in rat lung. 142 97

Formalin-inactivated and sonicated Pasteurella haemolytica bacterins were prepared from 1 h cultures of bacterial pellets in RPMI-1640 medium containing 7% fetal calf serum. The bacterial pellets were obtained from logarithmic phase growth of the organism by centrifugation. The protective effect of the vaccine was evaluated in 43 specific-pathogen-free Hereford crossbred calves and yearlings in three experiments. Cattle were either single vaccinated or boosted via three routes; intratracheally (i.t.), intranasally (i.n.) or intramuscularly (i.m.), using low or high doses. The two low-dose groups were also given supernatant by the same routes and volume as the bacterin. Cattle were challenged by P. haemolytica in aerosol at 24 or 39 days after last vaccination. To enhance the susceptibility of the cattle to this challenge, the cattle were exposed to bovine herpesvirus-1 aerosol 4 days before the bacterial challenge. The extent of pneumonia was significantly less in three groups of cattle (i.n.-i.n.,i.m.-i.n.,i.m.-i.m.) boosted with high dose of the bacterin than in the controls. Protection was observed when challenge isolates were heterologous or homologous to the isolates used to prepare the bacterins. It was also observed that the level of complement fixing antibody or anticytotoxin activity to P. haemolytica did not correlate with the degree of protection.
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PMID:Protective effect of inactivated Pasteurella haemolytica bacterin challenged in bovine herpesvirus-1 experimentally infected calves. 216 6

Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly and hypersplenism carries a significant morbidity and mortality. We have used partial splenic embolization (PSE) as an effective alternative to splenectomy. Ten PSE procedures were performed on nine patients without mortality and with minimal morbidity. The age of the patients ranged from 8 months to 32 years (mean 14 years). The causes of splenomegaly and hypersplenism included cystic fibrosis with cirrhosis (2), tyrosinemia and cirrhosis (1); thalassemia (1), hemophilia with Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection (2), chronic hepatitis with portal hypertension (1), malignant histiocytosis (1), and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (1). All procedures were performed under local anesthesia with sedation. A percutaneous femoral artery approach to the splenic artery was used to deliver Ivalon sponge particles (280-800 microns) into the spleen. Splenic infarction was assessed by postembolization angiograms. All of the patients except one demonstrated improvement of hematologic parameters. In one patient, however, cytopenia improved only after a second embolization. In the total series, there was an early mean rise of 8,600/mm3 in the leukocyte count (range 2,900-14,900) and 212,000/mm3 in the platelet count (range 30,000-718,000). Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 7 years. Improvement of the blood picture has been persistent in seven of the eight patients who showed initial improvement. Transient procedural complications included fever (5), pleural effusion (2), pneumonia (1), and splenic abscess (1). One patient had paralytic ileus lasting for 10 days and one patient developed a streptococcal peritonitis 3 weeks after embolization. No patient developed pancreatitis or vascular compromise of other abdominal viscera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Partial splenic embolization. An effective alternative to splenectomy for hypersplenism. 226 5

An acute haemorrhagic disease of rabbits was first reported in a southern province of China in 1984. It subsequently spread rapidly to South China and some parts of North China. The disease is characterized by an acute onset with fever, rapid respiration and sudden death. There is a high morbidity and mortality rate. The pathological changes are consistent with severe generalized circulatory dysfunction (hyperaemia, congestion and haemorrhage), marked degeneration of parenchymatous tissue, pronounced serous-haemorrhagic pneumonia and extensive disruption of reticulo-lymphoid tissue. The disease has been named rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease and it has been suggested that the aetiological agent is a picornavirus. A tissue-derived vaccine has been prepared by homogenizing the liver, lung, spleen and kidney of infected rabbits and inactivating with formaldehyde. This review summarizes the information on the aetiology, and epidemiology and clinical and pathological aspects of this new rabbit disease.
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PMID:Viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits: a review. 255 Oct 93

To examine the characteristics of idiopathic BOOP and to compare them with those of organizing pneumonia (OP) with known causes, immunohistochemical examinations using monoclonal antibodies against T- and B-lymphocytes which are available for formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, and polyclonal antibodies against human IgG, IgA and IgM, and bovine S-100 protein, were carried out, along with conventional histopathological examinations. Histopathological observations demonstrated that both of the 7 BOOP cases and 5 OP cases had polypoid masses of organizing tissue in the lumen of small airways, alveolar ducts, and some alveolar sacs, and infiltration of pulmonary interstitium by a large number of lymphocytes and moderate number of plasma cells, eosinophils and mast cells. Degree of bronchiolo-alveolitis was greater in idiopathic BOOP. Immunohistochemically, the majority of lymphocytes which had diffusely infiltrated into the interstitium were T-lymphocytes, the degree of which was higher in the cases of BOOP. On the other hand, B-lymphocytes were seen mainly in the lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, S-100 protein positive dendritic cells were noted in the lymphocyte rich interstitium in the all cases of both groups, and similarly between two groups. Immunoglobulin (Ig) positive plasma cells were also seen, but there was no evidence indicating the preferential increase of plasma cells which produce a particular class of Ig. These observations suggest that there might be some immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of BOOP in which T-lymphocytes, mast cells and eosinophils are involved.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]. 269 79

Two different monoclonal antibodies directed against Legionella micdadei and L. dumoffii (Genetic Systems Corp., Seattle, Wash.) were evaluated for their specificity and ability to detect L. micdadei and L. dumoffii in human and animal clinical samples and bacterial isolates in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. All three frozen sputum samples and all three Formalin-fixed sputum and liver samples from patients with culture-documented L. micdadei pneumonia were positive when tested with the L. micdadei monoclonal antibody. A Formalin-preserved lung sample from a patient with culture-documented L. dumoffii pneumonia was positive with its homologous monoclonal antibody. No cross-staining reactions were found with either monoclonal antibody on any of 25 human sputum samples tested from patients without Legionella infections. A total of 66 Legionella strains and 56 non-Legionella strains including 22 Pseudomonas strains and 34 other bacterial strains were studied. No cross-staining reactions were found except in Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 ATCC 12598. The lower limit of detection in seeded sputum samples was about 7 X 10(4) cells per ml for both monoclonal antibodies. Lung and tracheal lavage specimens from L. micdadei- or L. dumoffii-infected guinea pigs showed specific staining only with their respective monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibodies stained homologous bacteria slightly less intensely than did the polyclonal antisera, but the signal-to-noise ratio was considerably higher for the monoclonal antibodies. No differences in sensitivity of staining of clinical specimens or bacterial isolates were noted between the monoclonal antibodies and the polyclonal reagents for L. micdadei and L. dumoffii (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., and BioDx, Denville, N.J. These monoclonal antibodies ae sensitive and specific, making them good candidates for laboratory diagnostic purposes.
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PMID:Legionella micdadei and Legionella dumoffii monoclonal antibodies for laboratory diagnosis of Legionella infections. 332 84

The model of pneumonia produced by intranasal inoculation of Mycoplasma pulmonis in gnotobiotic mice provided the opportunity to study the localization and identification of the infecting organisms in the tissues by immunofluorescence techniques. Frozen sections of pneumonic mouse lung were fixed in acetone, layered with rabbit anti-M. pulmonis serum, washed, layered again with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-rabbit globulin, washed again, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. A bright line of fluorescence was seen at the bronchial epithelial surface, usually in a continuous layer. Occasional masses of fluorescence were seen in the polymorphonuclear leukocytic exudate in the bronchial lumen. Sections of tissues fixed in Helle's or 10% Formalin fixatives and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were reviewed by light microscopy and revealed a zone of blue-staining material composed of tiny coccoid bodies in the same locations at the bronchial epithelial surface as in the immunofluorescent preparations and in previously reported electron microscope studies.
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PMID:Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma in gnotobiotic mice. IV. Localization and identification of Mycoplasma pulmonis in the bronchi of infected gnotobiotic mice by immunofluorescence and by light microscopy. 487 10

We wanted to determine the prevalence of pneumonias caused by Legionella species among patients on whom autopsies were performed in two medical centers in St Louis from January 1976 to June 1981. We screened formaldehyde-fixed deparaffinized lung tissue sections with microscopic evidence of pneumonia from 97 patients with use of the direct immunofluorescence antibody technique with a multivalent antilegionella conjugate containing antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 through 4 plus other Legionella species. One patient (1%) had disseminated L pneumophila serogroup 1 infection. We conclude that the prevalence of pneumonias caused by L pneumophila (serogroups 1 through 4), Legionella micdadei, Legionella bozemanii, Legionella dumoffii, or Legionella gormanii is low in the patients studied.
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PMID:Prevalence of pneumonias caused by Legionella species among patients on whom autopsies were performed. 634 38

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that formaldehyde be considered a potential occupational carcinogen and that appropriate measures be taken to reduce worker exposure. It is a colorless, flammable gas with a strong pungent odor. It is an important industrial chemical of major commercial use and is found throughout the environment. Formaldehyde is usually manufactured by reacting methanol vapor and air over a catalyst, and is sold mainly as an aqueous solution. 1/2 of the formaldehyde produced is in turn used to produce synthetic resins which are primarily used as adhesives. Its widespread use is due to its high reactivity, colorlessness, purity in commercial form, and low cost. Various products made with or containing formaldehyde are listed in a table. NIOSH estimated that 1.6 million workers were exposed to formaldehyde in a 2-year period (1972-74), and of these workers, 57,000 workers were exposed for 4 or more hours/day. The occupational groups exposed to formaldehyde are listed in Appendix 1. It was recommended by NIOSH in 1976 that employee exposure to formaldehyde in the work environment be no greater than 1.2 mg/cubic meter of air (1 ppm) for any 30-minute sampling period. This was prior to knowledge about the carcinogenic potential which was first reported in October 8, 1979, based on laboratory animal studies. Formaldehyde was carcinogenic in rats exposed to 15 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 16 months. Formaldehyde caused nasal cancer in these rats. Epidemiologic studies conducted to date do not permit a definitive evaluation of the carcinogenic risk to humans. However, a panel of scientists concluded that it would be wise to consider formaldehyde as posing a carcinogenic risk to humans. In addition, it has been known to be mutagenic. Other health effects include burning of the eyes, irritation to upper respiratory passages, pneumonitis, wheezing, productive cough, and dermatitis. NIOSH recommends that formaldehyde be handled in the workplace as a potential occupational carcinogen. Exposure to it should be decreased to reduce the probability of developing cancer. Appendices contain guidelines for minimizing worker exposure to formaldehyde, formaldehyde concentrations by industry, and a list of major formaldehyde manufacturers.
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PMID:Formaldehyde: evidence of carcinogenicity. 701 9


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