Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The persistent mortality from community-acquired pneumonia may be explained by genetic predisposition. Specific mutations or polymorphisms in host response genes that are associated with adverse outcomes from infection can be grouped into four categories: antigen recognition, proinflammatory responses, anti-inflammatory responses, and effector mechanisms. Mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms have a more dominant role in pneumonia when compared with other pattern recognition molecules such as the toll-like receptors. The roles of TNF and lymphotoxin alpha polymorphisms remain unclear despite extensive study. IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist polymorphisms have an important role in the anti-inflammatory response. Specific organ dysfunction, such as ARDS or DIC, may be related to polymorphisms in specific effector genes.
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PMID:Genetic susceptibility to pneumonia. 1580 63

A 64-year old hospitalized male for severe bronchial asthma began to complain fatigue and appetite loss. His asthma had been treated with oral bethamethasone. The Chest CT at this time revealed a bilateral consolidation of the lower lung. Despite a week of treatment with antibiotics and anti-fungals, the patient expired from DIC progression. His premortem sputum and blood culture grew Cryptococcus Neoformans. We concluded his diagnosis as cryptococcal pneumonia and sepsis. Sepsis by Cryptococcus neoformans is a rare clinical event, and only 20 cases have been reported in Japan. Although 16 of the 20 had preexisting medical conditions, a case with underlying bronchial asthma has never been reported. A comparison of the reported cases of the US and Europe to that of Japan revealed differences in the patients' underlying conditions. We report a case with a brief review of the literature and summarize the 20 cases that have been reported in Japan.
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PMID:[Cryptococcemia with a severe bronchial asthma: case report and review of the literature]. 2016 72

A 69-year-old man complained of fever in September 2009, after returning from Vietnam where he has been working for 20 years. He had diabetes mellitus and was on diabetic oral medication. He was examined at a nearby hospital, and found out to have pneumonia with cavity formation in the right upper lobe which was found out to be not due to tuberculosis. Although the patient once recovered with antibacterial medicine, after a few months, in January 2010, he was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent fever. Computed tomography revealed multiple pulmonary nodules which were thought to be pulmonary emboli, as well as subcutaneous abscess, spleen abscess, and kidney abscess. Blood test showed that he also had DIC. As Burkholderia pseudomallei was cultured from the subcutaneous abscess and blood, was diagnosed as melioidosis. The patient was treated with meropenem for 8 weeks, and then a maintenance oral antibacterial medicine was continued for the next 6 months. The patient fully recovered after those treatments and has not relapsed since then. This is the ninth case report of melioidosis in Japan which is an imported infectious disease.
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PMID:[A case of melioidosis occurring after a long-term stay in Vietnam that developed pulmonary cavitation and relapsed with multiple pulmonary nodules]. 2173 46

Case. A 34-year-old African-American female with a history of adult-onset Still's disease presented to an outside hospital with oligoarthritis. She experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure en route via ambulance, was intubated upon arrival, and transferred to the intensive care unit for treatment of suspected pneumonia and sepsis. She subsequently developed generalized cutaneous desquamation that progressed despite the cessation of antibiotics and other potential offending drugs which required transfer to our hospital's burn unit. She was suspected to have reactive hemophagocytic syndrome based on her clinical presentation of fever, rash, polyarthritis, elevated liver enzymes, coagulopathy, splenomegaly, normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, and hemophagocytosis visualized in bone marrow biopsy specimen. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated necrotic demyelination of the deep white matter and corona radiata. The patient developed multiorgan dysfunction and DIC without any other attributable etiology. Despite aggressive broad spectrum therapy and high dose of steroids she progressively deteriorated and eventually expired. Conclusion. Previous publications have highlighted the prevalence of necrotic leukoencephalopathy in children with familial hemophagocytic syndrome. Our patient demonstrated some uncommon features complicating her HLH including DIC and necrotic leukoencephalopathy, which are very rare entities in AOSD.
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PMID:An Unusual Case of Adult-Onset Still's Disease with Hemophagocytic Syndrome, Necrotic Leukoencephalopathy and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. 2470 28

Treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma usually includes dacarbazine (DTIC), an alkylating agent that methylates DNA and is active during all phases of the cell cycle. Common side effects of DTIC include nausea, vomiting, impaired liver and kidney function, myelosuppression, and pneumonia. There are no accounts, however, of histological and hematological changes caused by DTIC. We investigated acute hematological and morphological changes in different organs and in tumors that were caused by a single dose of DTIC. Adult Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated with a suspension of tumorigenic baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells by subcutaneous injection. On day 14 after inoculation, doses of 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 or 2.0 g/m(2) DTIC were injected intraperitoneally into the hamsters. Hamsters in the control group were injected with physiological saline in the same way. Seven days after drug or saline injection the animals were sacrificed and samples of blood, heart, kidney, liver, lungs, spleen, small intestine and tumor were excised, processed and analyzed. Mitoses were counted using an ocular extension with engraved frame. Anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were found in the control group of hamsters with fibrosarcoma, whereas animals with fibrosarcoma treated with DTIC developed anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Severe pneumonia and moderate hepatitis were detected in all DTIC treated groups. Effects of DTIC on tumor cells included rounding and enlargement of nuclei and rarefaction of chromatin. The number of mitoses was reduced with increasing doses of DTIC. Hepatitis, myelosuppression, pneumonia, and dose-related inhibition of tumor cell proliferation were observed after a single dose of DTIC.
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PMID:Acute toxic effects of single dose dacarbazine: hematological and histological changes in an animal model. 2486 97

Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) causes invasive infections including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and local infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of an invasive GAS infection with pneumonia and pleural empyema (PE) followed by STSS (disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] and acute renal insufficiency) in a healthy male adult. He received combined supportive therapies of PE drainage, anti-DIC agent, hemodialysis, and antimicrobials and eventually made a clinical recovery. GAS isolated from PE was found to have emm1/speA genes, suggestive of a pathogenic strain. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of this disease entity (pneumonia, PE, and STSS) in healthy male adults as well as children and adult women.
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PMID:Pleural empyema and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes in a healthy Spanish traveler in Japan. 2872 62


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