Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case with prolonged bacterial infection accompanied by an abnormal serum protein which migrated in the post-gamma region on electrophoresis is presented. The abnormal protein was identified as IgG with gamma-type light chain moiety. The patient suffered from prolonged pneumonia and cholecystitis, Bone marrow aspiration and skeletal x-rays did not indicate multiple myeloma.
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PMID:An extremely basic monoclonal IgG in an aged apoplectic patient with prolonged bacterial infection. 13 72

Special physical examinations were made in order to find out the actual status of damages to health that had broken out in a factory collecting V2O5 from iron sand; and the following results were found: 1. Pharyngitis and bronchitis were found in 25% of the workers exposed to vanadium, but neither pneumonia nor hepatitis was observed. 2. Among the subjective and objective symptoms, respiratory irritation and discoloration of the tongue were frequent. 3. Black spot-like pigmentations gathering in a zonal form 1-2 mm wide in the transitional part and oral mucosa of the upper lip were found. Prevalence rate of this sign was 14.3% in the workers exposed to vanadium. 4. The mean valus of total serum protein and the serum cholesterol in the exposed workers were lower than those in the controls. The difference in the values between both groups is statistically significant. 5. Both the mean values of vanadium concentrations in vurine and its creatinine ratios in the exposed workers were twice to three times those in the controls; however, these parameters decreased to about one third in two months by improving the health and environmental control-measures. 6. Draft items to be checked in special physical examinations of workers handling vanadium have been proposed.
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PMID:[Results of the special physical examination of workers in a vanadium plant (author's transl)]. 47 Feb 10

To investigate the relationship of efficacy of chemotherapy to host defense, we reviewed the clinical features, treatment and outcome in 648 patients with acute pneumonia (424 males and 224 females; mean age, 65 years) treated between 1984 and 1989. Pneumonia complicated pulmonary disease in 336 patients (52%) and complicated systemic disease in 258 (40%). Pneumonia pathogens were diagnosed in 346 patients (53%); the five major pathogens were S. pneumoniae (19%), H. influenzae (16%), S. aureus (14%), K. pneumoniae (14%) and P. aeruginosa (11%). The incidence of K. pneumoniae infection were decreased from 18% to 3.5% and that of S. aureus increased from 10.9% to 26.3% during the study period. The incidence of S. aureus and of P. aeruginosa infection was much higher in patients with nosocomial pneumonia, systemic disease, or serum protein concentration under 6.5 g/dl. beta-lactamase antibiotics were administered to 70% of all patients, with an efficacy rate of 74.9% of after the first course of antibiotics therapy. The efficacy rate was decreased in patients with nosocomial pneumonia, systemic or pulmonary disease, or malnutrition. The data presented in this study indicate that the risk of pneumonia must be taken into careful consideration in patients with compromising complications.
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PMID:[Etiology of pneumonia and host defense]. 143 88

Intraoperative transfer of eight beta-lactam preparations to lung tissues was investigated by one-gram one-hour intravenous drip infusion immediately prior to operation. The Japanese drugs used were piperacillin, cefotiam, ceftizoxime, cefuzonam, latamoxef, flomoxef, cefotetan and cefbuperazone. The serum peak level was highest with cefotetan, 104.1 micrograms/ml, followed by cefbuperazone, latamoxef, ceftizoxime, cefotiam, piperacillin, flomoxef and cefuzonam, in decreasing order. Except for cefuzonam, there was a correlation between the serum peak level and the human serum protein binding rate (r = 0.89). There was a correlation (r = 0.98) between the Cmax of normal lung tissue (alveoli) level and the serum peak level (Cmax), but no correlation between the former and the human serum protein binding rate. The tumour level was lower than that in normal lung tissue (alveoli), but the tissue level at the obstructive pneumonia area was higher. The Cmax of bronchiolar tissue level was highest with cefuzonam, followed by latamoxef. There was no correlation between the Cmax of bronchiolar tissue level and the serum peak level, human serum protein binding rate or the Cmax of lung tissue (alveoli) level. It is therefore presumed that the drug level in tissue of the acute pneumonia area can be determined from the serum peak level of the respective drug. An appropriate drug for chemotherapy may be selected from beta-lactam preparations which are effective against main causative organisms in acute respiratory tract infections. Cefuzonam and latamoxef are especially useful for chemotherapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis.
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PMID:Transfer of beta-lactam preparations created in Japan to lung tissue and the drug selection for chemotherapy of respiratory tract infections. 145 42

In the United States, approximately one million patients each year develop a pleural effusion. Pleural effusions have classically been divided into transudative and exudative pleural effusions. A transudative pleural effusion occurs when the systemic factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered so that pleural fluid accumulates; an exudative pleural effusion occurs when the local factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered, allowing accumulation of pleural fluid. The leading causes of transudative pleural effusions are left ventricular failure and cirrhosis with ascites. The leading causes of exudative pleural effusions are pneumonia, malignancy, and pulmonary embolization. Transudative pleural effusions can be differentiated from exudative pleural effusions by measurement of the pleural fluid protein and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The ratio of the pleural fluid protein to the serum protein is less than 0.5, the ratio of the pleural fluid LDH to the serum LDH is less than 0.6, and the absolute value of the pleural fluid LDH level is less than two thirds of the upper normal limit for serum with transudative pleural effusions while at least one of these criteria is not met with exudative effusions. Most patients who have a pleural effusion with congestive heart failure have left ventricular failure. It is believed that the transudation of the pulmonary interstitial fluid across the visceral pleura overwhelms the capacity of the lymphatics to remove the fluid. Most patients with cirrhosis who have a pleural effusion also have ascites. It is also believed that the pleural effusions form when fluid moves directly from the peritoneal cavity into the pleural cavity through pores in the diaphragm. Approximately 40% of patients with pneumonia will have a pleural effusion. If these patients have a significant amount of pleural fluid, a diagnostic thoracentesis should be performed. Chest tubes should be inserted if the pleural fluid is gross pus, if the Gram stain of the pleural fluid is positive, if the pleural fluid glucose level is below 40 mg/dl, or if the pleural fluid pH level is less than 7.00. If drainage with the chest tubes is unsatisfactory, either streptokinase or urokinase should be injected intrapleurally. If drainage is still unsatisfactory, a decortication should be considered. The three leading malignancies that have an associated pleural effusion are breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, lymphomas and leukemias. The diagnosis of pleural malignancy is made most commonly with pleural fluid cytology; in recent years immunohistochemical tests have proved invaluable in differentiating benign from malignant pleural effusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pleural diseases. 157 32

Experimental pneumonia caused by Pasteurella haemolytica was induced in 2-week-old gnotobiotic (n = 4) and conventional (n = 6) calves by endobronchial inoculation into the right caudal lung lobe of 7.9 x 10(10) +/- 0.6 x 10(10) (mean +/- SD) colony-forming units of P haemolytica in the 6-hour log phase of growth. The calves were studied for 24 hours or less. Regression lines for the relationship between clinical index and time for the gnotobiotic group and conventional group of calves were compared, and the clinical index was found to be significantly (P less than or equal to 0.005) more rapid in the gnotobiotic group. There was also a significant difference in the preinoculation, absolute segmented neutrophil count (P less than or equal to 0.05), and in the total serum protein, albumin, and globulin values (P less than or equal to 0.05). Comparison of the preinoculation and post inoculation blood cell and blood chemical values revealed a significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the numbers of band neutrophils and fibrinogen in conventional calves, and a significant decrease (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the total WBC count in gnotobiotic calves. Necropsy of both groups of calves revealed a circular to oblong lesion that was congested, edematous, and firm, and which occupied 20% to 100% of the right caudal lung lobe and involved the remaining lung lobes to a more minor degree. When mean lesion scores of the 2 groups of calves were compared, no significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.05) was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pneumonic pasteurellosis induced experimentally in gnotobiotic and conventional calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica. 224 Aug 9

We reviewed 57 episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in 55 patients with hematologic disorders such as acute leukemia during a 16-year period, focusing especially on the prognosis. Survival at one week after onset was observed in only 39% of the episodes. Prognosis was significantly better in patients with unimicrobial bacteremia than in those with polymicrobial bacteremia (21/42 vs 1/15, p less than 0.01), in patients without shock than in those with shock (13/21 vs 9/36, p less than 0.02), in patients with granulocyte count at onset of at least 100/mm3 than in those with more marked granulocytopenia (10/13 vs 12/44, p less than 0.01), in patients with an increase in granulocyte count by at least 100/mm3 during their infection than in those without any subsequent increase (18/18 vs 4/13, p less than 0.001), and in patients with total serum protein level at onset of at least 6.0 g/dl than in those with hypoproteinemia (18/32 vs 4/25, p less than 0.01). Patients with bacteremia secondary to urogenital infection tended to have a higher one-week survival rate than those with pneumonia followed by bacteremia (4/8, 50% vs 2/9, 22%). With regard to the antibiotic treatment of unimicrobial bacteremia, 14 (70%) of 20 patients receiving therapy with one or two anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics and an aminoglycoside in combination that were effective in vitro against the infecting organism survived, and so did only seven (32%) of 22 patients receiving therapy with either one in vitro effective beta-lactam or aminoglycoside or inadequate drugs (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia associated with hematologic disorders [III]. Prognostic factors]. 250 88

Between January 1984 and December 1985, 183 adult patients, subsequently shown to have pneumococcal bacteraemia, were admitted. Of these infections, nine were caused by penicillin-resistant strains, and three of these were resistant to other antibiotics. The organisms from 150 patients were serotyped/grouped. The primary site of infection was lung in 90 per cent of patients. Among the patients with pneumonia, those with serovar 3 strains accounted for most intensive care unit admissions, most cases requiring inotropic drugs, and mechanical ventilation and had the highest complication rate and mortality. Findings which predicted the need for intensive care included higher age, elevated concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, and phosphate and lower levels of total serum protein, albumin and calcium. Twenty-four patients died of whom 23 had pneumonia. The case fatality rate among all of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit was 60 per cent and among those not admitted to the unit, 9.2 per cent. Of the patients who died, 41.7 per cent did so within the first five days of admission. The prophylactic use of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in industrial workers from low socio-economic groups should be carefully considered.
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PMID:Pneumococcal bacteraemia in adults in a low socio-economic urban population. 327 83

Cephapirin, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, was found to have an antibacterial spectrum similar to that of cephalothin. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by cephapirin concentrations of 0.09 to 12.5 mug/ml. S. epidermidis, S. viridans, S. pyogenes, and Diplococcus pneumonia isolates were inhibited by less than 1 mug/ml. The Enterococcus required a concentration of 25 mug of antibiotic per ml for inhibition. Approximately 65% of Escherichia coli, and all Klebsiella, indole-negative Proteus, and Salmonella strains tested were inhibited by the drug. Serratia, Pseudomonas, indole-positive Proteus, and Erwinia strains were highly resistant. Inoculum size was not an important factor in determining the level of sensitivity of S. aureus to cephapirin. The antibiotic does not appear to be significantly bound to serum protein. In vitro development of resistance to the drug was demonstrated with two isolates of S. aureus.
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PMID:Cephapirin: in vitro antibacterial spectrum. 513 96

Infections of the urinary and lower respiratory tracts and of skin and soft tissue constitute a large proportion of infections requiring antimicrobial therapy. For many antimicrobial agents, one dose will cure lower urinary tract infection. In contrast, relapse of upper tract infection is common even after two weeks of treatment. In comparing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in urinary infection, it is critical that patients assigned to different agents be equivalent. The questions about cefonicid in urinary infection that must be addressed concern (1) adverse effects and tolerability, (2) cost, and (3) rationale for the use of a parenteral preparation in uncomplicated urinary infection. In lower respiratory tract infections, therapeutic efficacy is difficult to evaluate primarily because of the difficulty in determining the causative role of the organisms isolated from sputum. The inclusion of information from gram-stained preparations reduces the diagnostic error. As far as cefonicid in treatment of pneumonia is concerned, the high serum protein binding reported and the relatively high minimal inhibitory concentrations for gram-positive cocci must be addressed. In skin and soft-tissue infections, therapeutic efficacy is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of isolates and the self-limited nature of many cutaneous infections.
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PMID:An overview: evaluation of cefonicid in infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue. 652 26


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