Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to describe the long-term sequential changes of the acute phase proteins and of commonly used so-called nutritional markers in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to calculate the normalization rate of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), defined as the time for a 50% decrease, during the initial treatment of these patients. The long-term sequential changes of inflammatory and nutritional markers in patients with CAP have not been previously well-documented. However, in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected infectious diseases CRP levels are often used nowadays. Serum albumin, transthyretin (prealbumin), and transferrin together with serum iron, have often been used as "nutritional markers" in patients. We therefore studied the long-term changes of these parameters in patients with CAP, as these markers also are influenced by inflammatory reactions, in pneumonia for example. All the patients within the age range 50-85 years, with the exception of immunocompromised patients, who were admitted with CAP to the Department of Infectious Diseases at Danderyd Hospital during a 12-month period (January 1992-January 1993), were reviewed for inclusion in a prospective study of the long-term sequential changes of inflammatory and nutritional markers in CAP patients. A total of 97 patients (50 men) with a mean age of 69.6 years were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn on admission, during the hospitalization period, and at the follow-up visits. Serum CRP, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and orosomucoid (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) were used as acute phase proteins. However, albumin, transthyretin, and transferrin together with serum iron and percentage transferrin saturation were also included. Of all the parameters studied, CRP showed the greatest variation, already having the highest values at admission. CRP also showed, together with iron, the earliest response to recovery in the patients. The median time for a 50% decrease of CRP was 3.3 days for the patients (n = 73) with more than two CRP values measured during the first nine days. Transthyretin responded faster to patient recovery than did albumin. CRP showed the greatest amplitude of changes and together with iron and percentage saturation of transferrin it also showed the earliest response to recovery in patients with CAP. This indicates that CRP is the best of the parameters studied for use in diagnostic work-up and in follow up.
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PMID:Sequential changes of inflammatory and nutritional markers in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. 920 Feb 69

Pleural effusion may occur in patients suffering from physical trauma or systemic disorders such as infection, inflammation, or cancer. In order to investigate proteins in a pleural exudate from a patient with severe pneumonia, we used a strategy that combined preparative two-dimensional liquid-phase electrophoresis (2-D LPE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Western blotting. Preparative 2-D LPE is based on the same principles as analytical 2-D gel electrophoresis, except that the proteins remain in liquid phase during the entire procedure. In the first dimension, liquid-phase isoelectric focusing allows for the enrichment of proteins in liquid fractions. In the Rotofor cell, large volumes (up to 55 mL) and protein amounts (up to 1-2 g) can be loaded. Several low abundance proteins, cystatin C, haptoglobin, transthyretin, beta2-microglobulin, and transferrin, were detected after liquid-phase isoelectric focusing, through Western blotting analysis, in a pleural exudate (by definition, >25 g/L total protein). Direct MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of proteins in a Rotofor fraction is demonstrated as well. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of a tryptic digest of a continuous elution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fraction confirmed the presence of cystatin C. By applying 2-D LPE, MALDI-TOF-MS, and Western blotting to the analysis of this pleural exudate, we were able to confirm the identity of proteins of potential diagnostic value. Our findings serve to illustrate the usefulness of this combination of methods in the analysis of pathological fluids.
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PMID:Identification of proteins in a human pleural exudate using two-dimensional preparative liquid-phase electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. 1034 59

This is an a posteriori analysis of previously published data to assess whether improving vitamin A (VA) status resolves measles-related pneumonia (MP). Nonhospitalized acute measles patients (2 d of rash onset) had their VA status determined based on the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP/TTR). Using a cutoff value of </=0.36, indicative of marginal VA deficiency, 82 children were diagnosed as marginally VA deficient and 114 were diagnosed as VA sufficient. At baseline, marginally VA-deficient patients had significantly lower serum retinol and higher serum C-reactive protein concentrations than VA-sufficient children. At the 2-wk follow-up visit, serum retinol and the RBP/TTR ratio were significantly greater in marginally VA-deficient measles patients receiving VA supplements than in those receiving placebo; whereas in VA-sufficient measles patients, retinol increased in those receiving VA supplements or placebo. Concomitantly the odds ratio of unresolved pneumonia in marginally VA-deficient measles patients receiving VA supplements compared with those receiving placebo was 0.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.71). In conclusion, VA supplements during measles infection improved VA status of VA-deficient children and helped resolve MP, demonstrating the importance of determining VA status when assessing the efficacy of VA supplements.
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PMID:Vitamin a supplementation of vitamin a deficient measles patients lowers the risk of measles-related pneumonia in zambian children. 1246 10

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features in patients with progressive-type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) using autopsy and biopsy specimens. A proband is a 33-year-old man with FAP type I who developed motor, sensory and autonomic impairments with neuropathy, heart failure, and anorexia. Genetic findings of transthyretin (TTR) revealed G to A transition in codon 54 causing a rare mutation of TTR Lys54. He died of pneumonia and severe cardiac failure 4 years after onset. Autopsy showed heavy amyloid deposition in the heart, peripheral nerves, thyroid, skin, fat tissue, prostate and testis, moderate in the sympathetic nerve trunk, vagal nerve, celiac plexus, pelvic plexus, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, tongue, pancreas, lung, pituitary, blood vessel, gall bladder, adrenals and muscles, and free in the central nervous system, liver, kidney and spleen. Sural nerve biopsy in a sibling confirmed TTR amyloidosis immunohistochemically. Electronmicroscopic findings of amyloid fibrils were similar to that of FAP Met30. Immunoelectronmicroscopic findings indicated the relationship between amyloid fibrils or non-fibrillar structure and collagen fibers. The distribution of amyloid deposition, heavy in the heart and lacking in the kidney, is a characteristic feature and reflected severity of FAP with TTR Lys54.
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PMID:Clinical and histopathological features of progressive-type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with TTR Lys54. 1893 Feb 52

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary pathogen causing community acquired pneumonia in children. Despite medical progress, the prevalence of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia became increased without apparent explanations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to compare the plasma protein profiles from children with different severities of pneumococcal pneumonia. Plasma samples from 14 cases, 7 with complicated and the other 7 with uncomplicated pneumonia, were analyzed. Complicated pneumonia was defined by the presence of pleural fluid parameters consistent with empyema, and/or a computed tomography compatible with necrotizing pneumonitis. The normal control group included 7 age-matched volunteers. By comparing the plasma proteins of patients with different severities, 4 proteins with significant differences were identified. The up-regulated proteins were haptoglobin and immunoglobulin kappa chain. The down-regulated were apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-AI) and transthyretin. All these proteins are known to take part in the inflammation reaction, which implicates the active innate immune responses in severe infections of S. pneumoniae. In addition, the up-regulated haptoglobin, which protects lung tissues against oxidative damage by the clearance of hemoglobin, can also act as an inflammatory inhibitor. Thus, our data seem to indicate that inflammation balance may take place in the occurrence of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:Comparative proteomic studies of plasma from children with pneumococcal pneumonia. 1939 20

We hypothesized that invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may generate a distinctive proteomic signature in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Proteins in plasma and BAL from two neutropenic rabbit models of IPA and Pseudomonas pneumonia were analyzed by SELDI-TOF MS. Hierarchical clustering analysis of plasma time course spectra demonstrated two clusters of peaks that were differentially regulated between IPA and Pseudomonas pneumonia (57 and 34 peaks, respectively, p<0.001). PCA of plasma proteins demonstrated a time-dependent separation of the two infections. A random forest analysis that ranked the top 30 spectral points distinguished between late Aspergillus and Pseudomonas pneumonias with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Based on spectral data analysis, three proteins were identified using SDS-PAGE and LC/MS and quantified using reverse phase arrays. Differences in the temporal sequence of plasma haptoglobin (p<0.001), apolipoprotein A1 (p<0.001) and transthyretin (p<0.038) were observed between IPA and Pseudomonas pneumonia, as was C-reactive protein (p<0.001). In summary, proteomic analysis of plasma and BAL proteins of experimental Aspergillus and Pseudomonas pneumonias demonstrates unique protein profiles with principal components and spectral regions that are shared in early infection and diverge at later stages of infection. Haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, transthyretin, and C-reactive protein are differentially expressed in these infections suggesting important contributions to host defense against IPA.
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PMID:Protein expression profiles distinguish between experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and Pseudomonas pneumonia. 2108 47

The pleural effusion proteome has been found containing information that directly reflects pathophysiological status and represents a potential diagnostic value for pulmonary diseases. However, the variability in protein composition between malignant and benign effusions is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the changes of proteins in pleural effusions from lung adenocarcinoma and benign inflammatory disease (pneumonia and tuberculosis) patients by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Twenty-eight protein spots displayed significantly different expression levels were positively identified by MALDI-TOF-MS representing 16 unique proteins. Five identified protein candidates were further validated and analyzed in effusions, sera or tissues. Among them, hemopexin, fibrinogen gamma and transthyretin (TTR) were up-regulated in cancer samples. The effusion concentration of serum amyloid P component (SAP) was significantly lower in lung cancer patients than in benign inflammatory patients, but no differences were found in sera samples. Moreover, a Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain-containing protein, JMJD5, was observed to be down-regulated in malignant effusions, lung cancer tissues and cancer cells. These results shed light on the altered pleural effusion proteins as a useful and important complement to plasma or other routine clinical tests for pulmonary disease diagnosis.
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PMID:Differential proteome profiling of pleural effusions from lung cancer and benign inflammatory disease patients. 2232 48

An 81-year-old man was referred to our hospital with bilateral multiple patchy opacities on chest radiography. His chief complaints were a few months' history of intermittent mild cough and slightly yellow sputum. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed non-segmental air-space consolidations with ground-glass opacities. Amyloid deposition with organizing pneumonia (OP) was seen in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens from the left S8. Three months later, the infiltration originally seen in the left lower lobe was remarkably diminished, and new infiltrations in the lingual and right lower lobes were detected on chest CT. Amyloid deposition with OP was seen in TBLB specimens from the left S4. Transthyretin was detected following immunohistochemical examination. The presence of wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt) was proven using genetic analysis. The present report describes a rare case of ATTRwt amyloidosis associated with OP.
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PMID:A case of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis associated with organizing pneumonia. 2925 31