Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality and prevalence of ALS in the various countries of Finland was studied. The work was based on death certificates derived from a 10-year period from 1963 to 1972, and altogether 421 cases were found. The mean duration of the disease was 2.7 years, and the mean age at death was 61.2 years. The average annual mortality rate was 0.91 per 100,000. The male to female ratio was 0.87 to 1, males outnumbered females only in age groups under 65. Some clustering of the cases seems to be taking place in the south-eastern part of the country. The rural to urban distribution of the patients' places of birth and domiciles did not differ markedly from that of thw whole population. After ALS itself pneumonia was the most common direct cause of death. Of other significant conditions coded in the death certificates schizophrenia and cancer did not occur more often than could be expected by chance. No evidence of inheritance of the disease was found.
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PMID:The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland. A study based on the death certificates of 421 patients. 95 May 75

We studied the energy metabolism of ALS patients under mechanical ventilation and tube feeding. Gas exchanges (O2 and CO2 content in expiratory and inspiratory gas) were measured all day long by DELTATRAC (Datex, Finland) in 11 ALS patients, and energy metabolism during 24 hours was calculated according to the next formula; 5.67 VO2 + 1.60 VCO2-2.17 UN (VO2; O2 consumption l/min, VCO2; CO2 production l/min, UN; urea nitrogen excretion in urine g/day). All patients were clinically stable under continuous mechanical ventilation and tube feeding, and did not have any infection such as pneumonia. The patients were 23-70 years old (mean 49.3), and had total clinical courses of 3-12 years (mean 7.1), and 2-8 year-long courses under mechanical ventilation (mean 4.6). They were classified into the next 3 groups: group I; totally locked-in state (2 patients), group II; complete tetraplegia (6 patients), group III; incomplete tetraparesis (3 patients). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of each patient was also calculated from Harris-Benedict's formula; male = 66.47 + 13.75W + 5.0H - 6.76A, female = 665.10 + 0.567W + 1.85H - 4.68A (W; weight kg, H; height cm, A; body surface area m2). And the changes of the body weight by month were examined retrospectively in 26 ALS patients with at least 2 year-duration under mechanical ventilation, which include the previous 11 patients. The calorie consumption of 24 hours were 783.3 kcal (group I), 875.3 (group II), 974.9 (group III), which were all lower than BMR (I; -26.8%, II; -17.6%, III; -11.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Energy metabolism of ALS patients under mechanical ventilation and tube feeding]. 190 43

The purpose of this article is to describe noninvasive respiratory management for patients with neuromuscular respiratory muscle dysfunction (NMD) and spinal cord injury (SCI) and the role of electrophrenic pacing (EPP) and diaphragm pacing (DP) in this respect. Long term outcomes will be reviewed and the use of noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIV), MAC, and EPP/DP to prevent pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, to facilitate extubation, and to avoid tracheotomy will be evaluated. Although ventilator dependent patients with most NMDs and high level SCI can be indefinitely managed noninvasively, most ALS patients can be managed for a limited time by continuous NIV before tracheostomy is necessary for survival. Glossopharyngeal breathing (GPB) can be learned by patients without any autonomous breathing ability and used by them in the event of ventilator/EPP/DP failure or loss of interface access. EPP/DP can maintain alveolar ventilation for high level SCI patients when they cannot grab a mouth piece to use NIV.
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PMID:Noninvasive respiratory management for patients with spinal cord injury and neuromuscular disease. 2519 94