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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of endobronchial application of superoxide dismutase (SOD) for prevention of posttraumatic bronchopulmonary complications was analyzed in 11 patients with severe combined traumas and dominating injuries of the chest. It was shown that severe combined traumas sharply initiate processes of free radical oxidation in tissues, intensify prooxidative activity, deplete total antioxidative activity and its important link--plasma and erythrocyte SOD. Endobronchial instillation of SOD after a severe combined trauma results in increased intracellular activity of catalase, total antioxidative activity, SOD, decreased production of lipid peroxides in homogenate of the pellet of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), reduced number of neutrophiles and higher number of lymphocytes in BAL pellet. Posttraumatic endobronchial instillation of SOD reliably improves the respiratory and metabolic function of the lungs, improves the surfactant system of the lungs, bronchial patency, reduces the number of cases of posttraumatic pneumonia.
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PMID:[Application of superoxide dismutase preparation for the prophylaxis of post-traumatic broncho-pulmonary complications]. 1514 88

The functional condition of prooxidant--antioxidant system in rat blood plasma in acute pneumonia, on the 4th full day after intranasal animals' infectioning, by Staphylococcus Aureus culture depending on sex was studied. The investigation of PLO indexes and AOS activity on the 4th full-day after animals' contamination with St. aureus culture, in blood plasma, in acute pneumonia, showed the increase of DK and MDA content, and oppression of AOS-SOD ferments and catalase activity. In males these changes were more expressed indicating an exhaustion of functional reserves of antioxidant system.
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PMID:[State of lipid peroxidation and blood antioxidant system in rats with acute pneumonia]. 1517 14

The model process of acute pneumonia in rats, after 2 hours after intranasal infectioning by Staphylococcus aureus culture, is accompanied with DK and MDA level growth, and SOD and catalase activity increase in pulmonary tissue of males and females. Later, after 6 hours after contamination the growth of POL products content was observed, the SOD and catalase activity in lungs is lowered. At the same time, in females the PLO indexes and SOD activity continue to grow. This suggests that females have more AOS enzymatic reserves than males.
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PMID:[Level of lipid peroxides and activity of antioxidant system enzymes in pulmonary tissue of rats with acute pneumonia]. 1532 Apr 29

Recent molecular studies have shown Mycobacterium porcinum, recovered from cases of lymphadenitis in swine, to have complete 16S rDNA sequence identity and >70% DNA-DNA homology with human isolates within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex. We identified 67 clinical and two environmental isolates of the M. fortuitum third biovariant sorbitol-negative group, of which 48 (70%) had the same PCR restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) profile as the hsp65 gene of M. porcinum (ATCC 33776(T)) and were studied in more detail. Most U.S. patient isolates were from Texas (44%), Florida (19%), or other southern coastal states (15%). Clinical infections included wound infections (62%), central catheter infections and/or bacteremia (16%), and possible pneumonitis (18%). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,463 bp) showed 100% identity with M. porcinum ATCC 33776(T). Sequencing of 441 bp of the hsp65 gene showed four sequevars that differed by 2 to 3 bp from the porcine strains. Clinical isolates were positive for arylsulfatase activity at 3 days, nitrate, iron uptake, D-mannitol, i-myo-inositol, and catalase at 68 degrees C. They were negative for L-rhamnose and D-glucitol (sorbitol). Clinical isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and linezolid and susceptible or intermediate to cefoxitin, clarithromycin, imipenem, and amikacin. M. porcinum ATCC 33776(T) gave similar results except for being nitrate negative. These studies showed almost complete phenotypic and molecular identity between clinical isolates of the M. fortuitum third biovariant D-sorbitol-negative group and porcine strains of M. porcinum and confirmed that they belong to the same species. Identification of M. porcinum presently requires hsp65 gene PRA or 16S rRNA or hsp65 gene sequencing.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory features of Mycobacterium porcinum. 1558

Five strains of an unusual Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, coccobacillus-shaped bacterium isolated from the lungs and heart of pigs with pneumonia and pericarditis were characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. On the basis of cellular morphology and biochemical criteria, the isolates were tentatively assigned to the family Neisseriaceae, although they did not appear to correspond to any recognized genus or species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the five unidentified strains were phylogenetically highly related to each other and represent a hitherto unknown subline within the family Neisseriaceae. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from pigs be classified as a novel genus and species within the family Neisseriaceae, for which the name Uruburuella suis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of U. suis is 1258/02(T) (=CCUG 47806(T)=CECT 5685(T)).
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PMID:Uruburuella suis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from clinical specimens of pigs. 1577 37

Streptococcus agalactiae can cause severe pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in neonates and remains one of the most prevalent causes of invasive neonatal infections. Maternal transmission of S. agalactiae during delivery can be prevented by prenatal screening and peripartal antibiotic prophylaxis. Implementation of CDC guidelines for group B streptococci (GBS) disease prevention resulted in a significant decline of invasive neonatal S. agalactiae infections in the USA. Similar national guidelines were issued in 2000 for Germany. However, the epidemiology of S. agalactiae colonization in Germany has not been investigated for more than 15 years and the impact these guidelines will have is therefore unknown. To assess colonization rates in Germany, we cultured vaginal and rectal swabs for S. agalactiae from pregnant and non-pregnant adult patients in the region of Aachen and Munich. Swabs were cultivated in selective broth medium for 24h and subsequently plated on blood agar plates according to the CDC recommendations. Colonies negative for catalase and pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase were further differentiated by the CAMP test and a DNA probe specific for S. agalactiae. Rectal or vaginal colonization of S. agalactiae was found in 34 (16%) of 210 pregnant patients and in 41 (16%) of 250 non-pregnant women. S. agalactiae was found only in rectal swabs in 4% of pregnant and non-pregnant patients. For further characterization of the strains capsular serotypes and major surface protein antigens were determined by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and PCR. Among the 75 different patient isolates serotype III was the most prevalent with 21 (28%) isolates, followed by 16 (21%) isolates of serotype II, 13 (17%) isolates of serotype Ia, 12 (16%) of serotype V, 11 (15%) of serotype Ib and only 2 (3%) isolates of serotype IV. The vast majority of all strains harbored genes for the major surface protein antigens, the alpha-C-protein or alpha-C-protein like antigens like Alp2-4, epsilon and Rib. These data show that S. agalactiae colonization is common in Germany and strict adherence to the guidelines for the preventions of GBS disease will result in peripartal antibiotic prophylaxis in up to 20% of all deliveries.
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PMID:Epidemiology of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in Germany. 1636 Nov 13

In this article, oxidative stress and enzymic-non-enzymic antioxidants status were investigated in children with acute pneumonia. Our study included 28 children with acute pneumonia and 29 control subjects. The age ranged from 2 to 11 years (4.57+/-2.13 years) and 2 to 12 years (4.89+/-2.22 years) in the study and control groups, respectively. Whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), serum beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, catalase (CAT), ceruloplasmin (CLP), total bilirubin, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were studied in all subjects. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for all parameters except for serum CAT. Whole blood MDA, serum CLP and total bilirubin levels were higher in the study group than those of the control group. However, SOD, GPx, beta-carotene, retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH levels were lower in the study group compared with the control group. All antioxidant vitamin activities were decreased in children with acute pneumonia. Our study demonstrated that oxidative stress was increased whereas enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant activities were significantly decreased in children with acute pneumonia.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and enzymic-non-enzymic antioxidant responses in children with acute pneumonia. 1663 91

Dolosigranulum pigrum is an unusual gram-positive catalase-negative coccus. It was isolated, only after prolonged incubation, from bronchial secretions from a patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia. The patient responded well to antimicrobial therapy. Identification was done by 16S rRNA DNA sequence analysis, but it can be done with relatively simple phenotypic tests.
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PMID:Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Dolosigranulum pigrum. 1695 2

Radiation pneumonitis is an unpredictable complication of radiotherapy for lung cancer and a condition which can cause significant morbidity. The ability to identify patients at a high risk of developing pneumonitis is critical, since it will enable the individualization of the treatment plan. Because the cytotoxic effect of radiation is propagated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-driven oxidative stress, the role of antioxidant defense systems in radiation pneumonitis was investigated. Using the pneumonitis-sensitive C3H/HeN mice as a model, we demonstrated that the antioxidant response of the lung correlated well with that of red blood cells (RBC). We then proceeded to test whether differences of RBC antioxidant response would predict the pneumonitis development in patients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione in RBC were measured at baseline and then weekly for 6 weeks of treatment in 15 eligible patients receiving concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC. Striking differences were found in the antioxidant activities of RBC with respect to the pneumonitis development. Those who developed pneumonitis showed higher SOD and lower GPX activities at baseline compared to those who did not (3.7 vs 6.8 units/mg for median SOD, 16.5 vs 10.7 nmol/min/mg for median GPX). The functional imbalance of SOD and GPX was displayed consistently throughout the treatment period. The sensitivity and specificity of pneumonitis prediction were further increased when the GPX/SOD ratio was analyzed (pretreatment P = 0.0046). Our results provide a strong rationale to monitor SOD and GPX activities of RBC to identify patients who are at risk of developing pneumonitis, and to implement a strategy of increasing the GPX/SOD ratio in order to lower the risk.
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PMID:High superoxide dismutase and low glutathione peroxidase activities in red blood cells predict susceptibility of lung cancer patients to radiation pneumonitis. 1718 33

[Pasteurella] trehalosi is an important pathogen of sheep, being primarily associated with serious systemic infections in lambs but also having an association with pneumonia. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize a broad collection of strains tentatively identified as [P.] trehalosi in order to reclassify and rename this taxon to support improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this important organism. The type strain for [P.] trehalosi, strain NCTC 10370(T), was included along with 42 field isolates from sheep (21), cattle (14), goats (1), roe deer (3) and unknown sources (3). An extended phenotypic characterization was performed on all 43 strains. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was also performed on the isolates. Two of the field isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These sequences, along with five existing sequences for [P.] trehalosi strains and 12 sequences for other taxa in the family Pasteurellaceae, were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. All the isolates and the reference strains were identified as [P.] trehalosi. A total of 17 out of 22 ovine isolates produced acid from all glycosides, while only four out of 14 bovine isolates produced acid from all glycosides. All 22 ovine isolates were haemolytic and CAMP-positive, while no other isolate was haemolytic and only two bovine isolates were CAMP-positive. Nineteen AFLP types were found within the [P.] trehalosi isolates. All [P.] trehalosi isolates shared at least 70 % similarity in AFLP patterns. The largest AFLP type included the type strain and 7 ovine field isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the seven strains studied (two field isolates and the five serovar reference strains) are closely related, with 98.6 % or higher 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. As both genotypic and phenotypic testing support the separate and distinct nature of these organisms, we propose the transfer of [P.] trehalosi to a new genus, Bibersteinia, as Bibersteinia trehalosi comb. nov. The type strain is NCTC 10370(T) (=ATCC 29703(T)). Bibersteinia trehalosi can be distinguished from the existing genera of the family by the observation of only nine characteristics; catalase, porphyrin, urease, indole, phosphatase, acid from dulcitol, (+)-d-galactose, (+)-d-mannose and (+)-d-trehalose.
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PMID:Reclassification of [Pasteurella] trehalosi as Bibersteinia trehalosi gen. nov., comb. nov. 1739 84


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