Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemistry for studies of brain tissues taken from patients with a clinically established diagnosis of brain death, we examined 8 brains that had been removed and fixed in formalin between 13 h and 5 days after diagnosis of brain death (Table). As a control we also examined the brain of a patient who had suffered extensive infarction with a 28-day clinical course and died of pneumonia. Routine examination of each of the brains revealed old to recent tissue necrosis associated with macrophages, capillary proliferation and/or astrocytic gliosis. The streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method was applied to the materials using four monoclonal antibodies: antiglial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), anti-vimentin (vimentin), LN-1 and LN-3. GFAP was stained in reactive astrocytes even 5 days after diagnosis of brain death (Fig. 3, 7). Vimentin (Fig. 2, 4) was stained in reactive astrocytes until 3 days after diagnosis of brain death. LN-1 (Fig. 5) produced positive staining in resting microglias until 3 days after diagnosis of brain death. LN-3 (Fig. 1, 6, 8), which detects human leukocyte antigen-DR, stained reactive microglias and macrophages even 5 days after diagnosis of brain death. From our findings, it is considered that immunohistochemical examination is useful even in brains from patients diagnosed as brain-dead.
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PMID:[Application of immunohistochemistry to the dead brain]. 129 31

The synthesis of collagen and EIIIA-containing cellular fibronectin in certain forms of pulmonary fibrosis occurs in discrete locations: in the Masson bodies in bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and in focal clusters of fibroblasts (fibroblastic foci) within airspaces in usual interstitial pneumonia. These sites were examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cytoskeletal markers and extracellular matrix components in biopsies from three patients with bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and four patients with usual interstitial pneumonia. Fibroblasts of both Masson bodies and fibroblastic foci expressed vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin but not desmin, distinguishing them from true smooth muscle. In both structures fibroblasts with well-formed actin filament bundles were aligned parallel to one another, enmeshed in a matrix of fibronectin-containing fibrils (microtendons) that linked cells and collagen bundles. Similar features characterize the phase of contraction during the healing of skin wounds. This suggests that active contractions of fibroblasts plays a role in the remodeling of the lung in pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:The roles of the myofibroblast in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of sites of active extracellular matrix synthesis. 202 10

A 17-year-old girl was operated for a solitary well-circumscribed pulmonary parenchymal tumor and reoperated ten times for multiple recurrent similar pulmonary tumors during 24 years. Histologic examination revealed the so-called intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IVBAT) in all instances. The patient died from pneumonia superimposed on decreased respiratory function 24 years after the onset of disease. This is the longest survival so far reported in IVBAT. The treatment was surgical in all phases of the disease, and the patient did not receive radiotherapy or cytostatic drug therapy. Mediastinal and pleural tumor nodules were removed 17 years from the first pulmonary operation, and 24 years after the first operation a fibrous tumor was removed from the retroperitoneal space. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin-type of intermediate filaments, in line with their mesenchymal nature. Endothelial markers, Factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus I lectin binding, were not found in convincingly neoplastic cells, and Schwann cell, epithelial cell, muscle cell, and histiocytic markers were absent. Thus, IVBAT appears to be a low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, composed of poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells, whose exact nature remains undefined with the currently used cell-type markers.
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PMID:Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor. 311 50

The murine papovavirus K causes fatal pneumonia in infant mice, but an asymptomatic infection in older mice. In order to establish whether the virus affects the central nervous system in the course of systemic infection, we carried out morphological and immunohistochemical studies on the experimentally infected mice. BALB/c mice, less than 4 days of age, were inoculated with K virus either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally. When the animals were moribund, usually 10 days or so, after inoculation, their brains were removed and examined. Acutely infected mice showed only minor changes: intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in very rare capillary endothelial cells of the brain. However, immunoperoxidase studies, using specific antibody to K virus, revealed that a number of brain cells had positive nuclear staining. These nuclei were distributed throughout the brain, without an apparent site of predilection. Double-immunostaining showed that virtually all cells whose nuclei were positive for viral antigen were endothelial, because their cytoplasm was positive for factor-VIII or vimentin. There were no nuclei positive for viral antigen in astrocytes, as determined by positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein or glutamine synthetase. By electron microscopy, clusters of K virus particles were found only in the nuclei of brain capillary endothelial cells. Although these endothelial cells showed degeneration of varying degree, their basement membranes remained relatively intact and there was no disorganization in the endfeet of contiguous astrocytes. Neurons and glial cells had normal ultrastructures. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that there is involvement of central nervous system during systemic K virus infection and that the infection involves predominantly brain capillary endothelial cells.
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PMID:Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the central nervous system involvement in papovavirus K infection in mice. 322 14

Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the lung is a rare neoplasm comprising 6-10% of all GCT. Since it was first described in the bronchus by Kramer in 1939, less than 80 cases have been reported. We present the clinicopathologic features of 23 GCT from 20 patients. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 57 years (median, 45 years) and included 10 males and 10 females. Of the 19 patients with available histories, nine (47%) were incidental findigns and 10 (53%) had obstructive symptoms [pneumonia, 7 (37%); atelectasis, 3 (16%)]. Three (16%) had hemoptysis, and one (5%) had weight loss. The GCT were solitary in 15 patients (75%) and multiple in five others (25%). One patient had three endobronchial lesions, and another had one endobronchial and one peripheral pulmonary lesion. Three of the patients had multiple cutaneous GCT (15%). Grossly, they were polypoid or nodular, tan-yellow, and firm. Histologically, the endobronchial GCT consisted of submucosal infiltrates of round to oval cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. The tumor often infiltrated into peribronchial tissue and in one case focally infiltrated an adjacent lymph node. Hyalinized thickening of the subepithelial basement membrane was common; the overlying epithelium often showed squamous metaplasia or ulceration. In those patients with available follow-up, the clinical behavior of lung GCT was benign. Our experience supports a conservative approach to therapy in most cases unless there has been extensive postobstructive lung injury. Potential conservative therapeutic approaches include bronchoscopic extirpation, laser therapy, or sleeve resection. The histogenesis of GCT is not known, although most studies suggest a peripheral nerve sheath origin. Our immunohistochemical results with positive staining for antibodies to S100 (4/4), NSE (3/3), vimentin (4/4), and actin (4/4, focal) are consistent with this concept.
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PMID:Granular cell tumors of the lung. Clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. 775 49

A primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland in a 72 year old Japanese woman is described. This is the second case reported in the English literature. The patient presented with a 7 month history of a gradually expanding tumor in the right neck. The surgical specimen taken by thyroid lobectomy revealed a relatively well demarcated tumor, 2 x 2 x 3 cm in size, confined to the right lobe. Histologically, the tumor showed a classical leiomyosarcomatous appearance of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with occasional blunt-ended nuclei and a high frequency of mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells clearly showed smooth muscle differentiation; the cells were positive for desmin, muscle-specific actin and vimentin and negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, thyroglobulin and calcitonin. The patient was free of disease for 3 years and 11 months without further treatment when evidence of multiple bone metastases appeared on bone scintigraphy. She died of pneumonia 4 years and 3 months after the lobectomy.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland. 846 59

Granular cell tumours rarely involve the lower respiratory tract. We report eight cases surgically resected at our institution. There were four females and four males, aged between 18 to 56 years (mean 40). One tumour associated with a peripheral lung adenocarcinoma was asymptomatic. The other lesions presented with obstructive pneumonitis (3 cases), haemoptysis (2), dyspnea (1) or cough (1). These tumours were tracheal (1) or bronchial (6) and one case was located in the lung parenchyma. Four cases were multicentric with associated lesions located in a bronchus (2), the oesophagus (1) or a mediastinal lymph node (1). All tumours, with the largest diameter ranging from 0.5-4.5 cm, were histologically invasive. The tumours were positive for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, KP1 (CD68) and vimentin. No tumour expressed desmin, keratin or p53 oncoprotein. Our study demonstrates that, in spite of marked anatomical and clinical polymorphism, the rare granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract have a constant histological appearance. Our observations confirm that large tumours (> 8-10 mm) usually extend beyond the tracheo-bronchial cartilages and, therefore, only surgical treatment may avoid recurrence.
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PMID:Granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract. 852 90

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver are extremely rare. Worldwide only 50 cases have been described so far. In lung tissue, their incidence is higher, with 119 cases being published. Etiological factors are still a matter of debate; reactive inflammatory processes have recently been proved by immunohistological and cytophotometric studies. This seems to be true for both liver and lung locations of inflammatory pseudotumors. Considerable morphological heterogeneities, conspicuously varying from one case to another, reflect the numerous synonyms that have been created for this condition, i.e., plasma cell granuloma, xanthoma, fibroxanthoma, histiocytoma, plasmacytoma, solitary "mast cell tumor" and pseudoneoplastic pneumonia, just to number a few of them. This multicolored morphology explains the difficulties in histologic diagnosis, especially if needle biopsies or frozen sections are submitted to pathology. Differential diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver needs to include fibrohistiocytic neoplasia if spindle-cell-shaped areas are included or, on the other hand, parenchymal infiltrates of the nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's granuloma. Immunohistological investigations do not allow final decisions since spindle-shaped cells within pseudotumours can express vimentin and/or desmin as well. Such histological cases should always include the excision of a piece of liver tissue of sufficient size to comfortably allow for the recognition of the multicellular composition and morphological heterogeneity of this process.
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PMID:[Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Morphologic and cytophotometry studies and differential diagnosis]. 857 May 61

We present a comparative histopathological study of both acute and chronic human adenovirus pneumonia, with reference to the cellular and extracellular matrix components. Seventeen lungs from autopsied patients whose ages ranged from 2 to 60 months were studied. Adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 were isolated from 15 patients with acute lung disease, and types 2 and 7 were isolated from the other two patients with chronic pulmonary illness. The results indicated the occurrence of two basic patterns of adenovirus interstitial pneumonia (1) classic pattern (acute), characterized by necrosis and degeneration and many type II pneumocytes with intranuclear inclusion bodies, which were positive for adenovirus DNA by in situ hybridization, and (2) proliferative or proliferative-productive pattern (chronic), which presented with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and the interstitial proliferation of fibroblast-like cells, compatible with myofibroblasts (positive for vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin), and increase in collagen types I and III, elastic fibers, and proteoglycans. Alveolar collapse appears to be an important pathogenetic mechanism in the development of this pattern.
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PMID:Acute and chronic human adenovirus pneumonia: cellular and extracellular matrix components. 902 50

Immunohistochemical study was carried out in patients with collagen vascular disease associated with interstitial pneumonia. The subjects were 16 patients, consisting of seven rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five dermatomyositis (DM) and four progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), in whom the pathological findings were consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed by the ABC method using antibodies to vimentin (vim), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and S-100 protein. In fibrosis associated with RA, proliferation of alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts was widely observed in all subjects. Myofibroblasts were present also in patients with DM and PSS, but not as notable as in those with RA. Proliferation of vim-positive fibroblasts was observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Diverse S-100 protein positive cells appeared in patients with acute exacerbations of RA, especially when associated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) pattern. S-100 protein positive cells were observed occasionally also in patients with DM and PSS, but they markedly decreased in number, compared to those with RA. They were generally hard to detect in lungs of patients with IPF. These findings suggest that interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease can be fairly clearly differentiated from IPF each other, based on the degree of proliferation of myofibroblasts and on the presence of S-100 protein positive cells in number.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of myofibroblast and S-100 protein positive cells in interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease]. 912 18


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