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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomized prospective study of the relative effectiveness of broad-spectrum versus specific antistaphylococcal antibiotic prophylaxis in open-heart surgery was done between May 1972 and June 1973. All patients undergoing open-heart surgery were assigned randomly (by hospital number) to receive either methicillin (M) or cephalothin (C) beginning the night before operation. There were 132 patients in the C group and 129 in the M group. There were no statistically significant differences in age or duration of hospitalization, cardiopulmonary bypass, urinary tract drainage, or postoperative fever. There was a significant difference in the ratio of male to total patients (0.67 C, 0.52 M, P less than .02) and duration of operation in hours (4.27 C, 3.87 M, P less than .02). A statistically significant higher rate of urinary tract infection (3 C, 22 M, P less than .05), pneumonia (0 C, 9 M, P less than .01), and episodes of sepsis and prosthetic endo carditis (0 C, 11 M, P less than .001) was found in the methicillin group. The incidence of wound infections and positive cultures from blood obtained immediately after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass was not significantly different. Cephalothin replaced methicillin as the routine antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery at our institution.
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PMID:Open-heart surgery. 33 7

A randomized, prospective study of the relative effectiveness of broad-spectrum versus specific antistaphylococal antibiotic prophylaxis in patients having open-heart surgery was performed between May, 1972, and June, 1973. All patients undergoing open-heart surgery was assigned randomly (by hospital number) to receive either methicillin or cephalothin beginning the night before operation. There were 132 patients in the cephalothin group and 129 in the methicillin group. There was no statistically significant differences in age or duration of hospitalization, cardiopulmonary bypass, urinary tract drainage, or postoperative fever. There was a significant difference in the ratio of male to total patients (cephalothin group, 0.67; methicillin group, 0.52; p less than 0.02) and duration of operation (cephalothin group, 4.27 hours; methicillin group, 3.87 hours; p less than 0.05). The methicillin group had a statistically significant higher rate of urinary tract infection (cephalothin group, 3 cases; emthicillin group, 22 cases, p less than 0.05), pneumonia (cephalothin group, no cases; methicillin group, 9 cases; p less than 0.01), and episodes of sepsis and prosthetic valve endocarditis (cephalothin group, no cases; methicillin group, 11 cases, p less than 0.001). The incidence of wound infections and positive blood cultures from blood obtained immediately after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass was not significantly different between the two groups. Cephalothin has replaced methicillin as the routine prophylaxis for open-heart surgery at our institution.
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PMID:Antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery. 83 52

Cephalothin, a common used agent for antimicrobial prophylaxis, was compared with cefamandole, a second generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin having a somewhat broader antimicrobial spectrum, in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of 201 patients undergoing elective open heart surgery. Cephalothin was administered to 101 patients and 100 received cefamandole. The protocol was not followed in 23 patients, 11 of whom received cephalothin and 12 cefamandole. Of 90 patients who could be evaluated for efficacy of cephalothin, two developed superficial wound infections and one developed an asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Five of 88 patients who received cefamandole developed infections; urinary tract infections in two, mediastinitis in one, a superficial wound infection in one, and pneumonia in one after prolonged endotracheal ventilation. Both were well tolerated with no adverse reactions attributed to either antibiotic. Cephalothin and cefamandole appear to provide similar efficacy and patient tolerance in open heart surgery; however, the drug regimen for cefamandole cost $83, whereas it was $58 for cephalothin.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and tolerance of cefamandole and cephalothin as prophylaxis for open heart surgery: a randomized double-blind study. 710 88