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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To document the diagnostic features of foreign-body pneumonias, four commonly used orally administered medicaments were instilled into the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats in each group received a single 0.4 ml dose of either barium sulfate suspension (BaSO4), mineral oil, Pepto-bismol, or Kaopectate inoculated into a lung via a mainstem bronchus. The other lung served as a non-inoculated control. Rats were euthanatized on post-inoculation day 2 or 7 in order to document fully-developed acute pulmonary lesions and developing, chronic pulmonary lesions, respectively. Light microscopic features of BaSO4-inoculated lungs were distinctive from changes in mineral oil-inoculated lungs at both post-inoculation days. On post-inoculation day 2, rats inoculated with BaSO4 had pneumonia characterized by large numbers of alveolar macrophages containing green-to-brown granular material. There was minimal interstitial involvement. On post-inoculation day 2, mineral oil caused pneumonia characterized by giant cells and alveolar macrophages that had cytoplasms distended with variably-sized clear vacuoles. Lungs inoculated with BaSO4 or mineral oil had changed little on post-inoculation day 7 compared to the light microscopic features observed on day 2. On post-inoculation day 2, rats inoculated with either Pepto-bismol or Kaopectate had broncho-interstitial pneumonia with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. On post-inoculation day 7, lungs inoculated with Pepto-bismol or Kaopectate had extensive fibrosis within alveolar lumens. Energy dispersive spectroscopy performed on sections of lung from rats given BaSO4, Pepto-bismol, and Kaopectate yielded a unique elemental spectrum for each compound in situ on post-inoculation days 2 and 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Histopathologic findings and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of experimentally induced foreign-body pneumonias in rats. 260 29

Bovine alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG) was purified from pooled normal bovine sera by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. Bovine alpha 1AG had a molecular weight of 42,000 +/- 2,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4S. It contained 26.6% carbohydrate. Gel isoelectric focusing revealed a microheterogeneity with 7 to 8 bands in a pI range of 3.2 to 3.7. It migrated to the alpha 1-globulin region upon immunoelectrophoresis. Single radial immunodiffusion was developed for the quantitative measurement of bovine alpha 1AG in serum. The mean serum value of alpha 1AG in 152 healthy Holstein cattle (1-12 years old) was 283.2 +/- 82.3 micrograms/ml. Elevated values (cut-off value = 450 micrograms/ml) were observed in cattle with traumatic pericarditis (100%), arthritis (100%), mastitis (91%), pneumonia (70%), and mesenteric liponecrosis (43%).
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PMID:Isolation, characterization, and quantitative measurement of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in cattle. 260 47

Investigations of nursery outbreaks of Citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. We studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of C. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. Paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of C. diversus meningitis, paired isolates from the vagina of a postpartum woman and the cerebrospinal fluid of her newborn infant, one isolate from an infant with pneumonia and two from colonized nursery cohorts, and 30 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates were included. Eleven distinct profiles were differentiated by the presence or absence of five outer membrane proteins. Complete concordance of profiles was observed for epidemiologically related isolates. Unrelated epidemic strains had outer membrane protein profiles distinct from one another. Biotyping complemented determination of outer membrane protein profiles; the two markers differentiated each of the five epidemic strains from all but one of 30 unrelated nonepidemic isolates. Determination of outer membrane protein profiles is potentially useful in epidemiologic investigations of disease caused by C. diversus.
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PMID:Epidemiologic marker system for Citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles. 267 Oct 30

We compared four treatment protocols in 57 patients with presumed pre-hospital pulmonary edema. Group A patients were treated with nitroglycerin and furosemide, group B patients with morphine sulfate and furosemide, group C with all three agents, and group D with nitroglycerin and morphine, but without furosemide. Twenty-three percent of our patients were ultimately found not to have pulmonary edema, with pneumonia and/or exacerbations of chronic lung disease the most frequent alternate diagnoses. Group A patients had significantly greater improvement, both subjectively and objectively, than group B patients, a substantial number of whom failed to improve, or even worsened. There was no evident synergistic effect of any of the drugs, and some indication that furosemide might have caused clinically important problems with fluid and electrolyte management in some of the patients. Our data suggest that nitroglycerin is beneficial in the management of presumed pre-hospital pulmonary edema, while morphine and furosemide may not add anything to its efficacy, and may be potentially deleterious in some of these patients.
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PMID:Comparison of nitroglycerin, morphine and furosemide in treatment of presumed pre-hospital pulmonary edema. 311 87

Two hundred nine Duncan-Harley guinea pigs had intrathoracic inoculation with 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus, accompanied by blood and umbilical tape. One hundred fifty-two animals were excluded because of clinical recovery, early death, or complications related to intrathoracic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bead placement. The remaining 57 animals had clinical signs of empyema thoracis and were the subjects of this study. Group I animals (N = 24) served as the controls and had no therapy. Group II animals (N = 14) were treated by intrathoracic placement of placebo PMMA beads. Group III animals (N = 19) were treated by intrathoracic placement of tobramycin sulfate-impregnated PMMA beads. There were no differences between the groups in pleural reaction or pneumonia scores. These findings demonstrate a similar host response to the established infection. Group III, however, had a higher sterilization rate than Groups I and II (p less than 0.05), a finding underlining the therapeutic effect of tobramycin-treated PMMA beads. We conclude that intrathoracic local antimicrobial therapy with slow-release tobramycin-impregnated PMMA beads may enhance empyema treatment by increasing the rate of local sterilization. More experiments are necessary to assess the efficacy of this potentially important therapeutic arm for the treatment of thoracic empyema.
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PMID:Successful treatment of empyema thoracis with polymethylmethacrylate antibiotic-impregnated beads in the guinea pig. 319 1

Experimental and clinical data suggest that the valva ileocaecalis under neurogenic and hormonal influences, modulates antegrade and retrograde flow of succus entericus. A priori reasoning suggests that this function may influence nutrient absorption by and intraluminal endogenous microbial flora within the ileum. The hypothesis to be tested was, can anatomical and functional integrity of the valva ileocaecalis be preserved during the performance of a right hemicolectomy with reestablishment of intestinal continuity via a cecocolostomy? The methodology involved utilization of Lewis male rats weighing approximately 500 gm. General anesthesia was induced for all procedures. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups (10 animals/group): (A) sham operation; (B) pericecal dissection (preservation of the arteria et vena ileocolica); and (C) periileal dissection (ligation of the aforementioned vessels). Celiotomy was performed employing standard clean techniques, and was accompanied by a right hemicolectomy and an end-to-end or end-to-side cecocolostomy. Function of the heterotopic valva ileocaecalis was assessed 6-12 weeks post-operatively employing radiographic criteria (fluoroscopic analysis after intraluminal instillation of barium sulfate). Light microscopic analysis was performed subsequent to the radiographic studies. Periileal dissection associated with ligation of the arteria et vena ileocolica uniformly resulted in anastomotic disruption. Pericecal dissection associated with preservation of those vessels resulted in uniform anastomotic integrity, although two animals succumbed secondary to pneumonitis within 5 post-operative days. Radiographic analysis of the heterotopic valva ileocaecalis revealed intermittent antegrade and no retrograde flow of contrast material, which suggested functional integrity. Qualitative light microscopic analysis revealed architectural integrity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Valva ileocaecalis: preservation during ileocolonic surgery employing a rodent experimental model. 348 15

The antigens of Haemophilus somnus recognized by convalescent bovine serum were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with a protein A-peroxidase conjugate. The same two 76K and 40K antigens were predominant in whole-bacterium preparations and in outer-membrane-enriched, Triton X-100-insoluble fractions. The surface location of these two antigens was confirmed by absorbing antiserum with whole, live bacteria. Absorption with H. somnus removed antibody reactivity for the 76K antigen and reduced reactivity for the 40K antigen. Absorption with Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus equuli, or Escherichia coli did not reduce reactivity, and results with Pasteurella haemolytica were equivocal. The two immunodominant antigens detected in this study were conserved in isolates of H. somnus from thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, reproductive failure, or asymptomatic carriers. Convalescent sera from nearly all 17 cattle studied recognized these two antigens. Other antigens were recognized less consistently. Although other antigens may also be involved, the 76K and 40K surface antigens of H. somnus appear to be important candidates for a subunit vaccine or an immunodiagnostic assay.
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PMID:Antigenic specificity of convalescent serum from cattle with haemophilus somnus-induced experimental abortion. 357 Apr 70

The ability of convalescent serum to passively protect calves against Haemophilus somnus-induced pneumonia was studied. Preimmune and convalescent serum were obtained from calves before or after recovery from experimental chronic H. somnus pneumonia. Passive protection was assessed in another group of calves by intrabronchial inoculation of H. somnus that had been incubated with preimmune or convalescent serum. Each calf was inoculated with each treatment in alternating caudal lung lobes. Twenty-four hours after inoculation almost no pneumonia was present in lungs inoculated with bacteria incubated with convalescent serum, whereas severe pneumonia was present in lungs inoculated with bacteria incubated with preimmune serum. Quantitation of calf pneumonia in both treatment groups indicated a significantly different protective capacity between convalescent serum and preimmune serum (P less than 0.0005). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting of purified H. somnus lipopolysaccharide resulted in intense reactivity with convalescent serum, but no reactivity was detected with preimmune serum. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of H. somnus outer membrane-enriched fractions, Western blots with convalescent serum gave intense reactions against H. somnus outer membrane antigens with apparent molecular masses of 78 and 40 kilodaltons and weaker reactions with 60-, 34-, 31-, 29-, 18-, and 15-kilodalton outer membrane antigens. No reactivity was detected with preimmune serum. Antibodies eluted from H. somnus after adsorption of convalescent serum reacted almost identically to unadsorbed convalescent serum in Western blots against bacterial outer membrane-enriched fractions. Thus, most of the antigens recognized by convalescent serum are likely to be on the bacterial surface and accessible to antibody. Surface antigens recognized by protective convalescent serum are candidate antigens for a subunit vaccine against H. somnus pneumonia.
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PMID:Protective ability and specificity of convalescent serum from calves with Haemophilus somnus pneumonia. 357 Apr 72

The antigens extracted from strains belonging to seven capsular serotypes of Rhodococcus equi, as well as from two wild strains isolated from pneumonic foals, were examined. Whole-cell antigens and soluble products present in broth culture supernatants were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted onto nitrocellulose, and stained with serum from hyperimmunized rabbits or foals. Foal sera used included sera from pneumonic animals with known titer to equi factors; from animals bled monthly on a farm with enzootic pneumonia, and from animals bled monthly on a farm with no history of R. equi pneumonia. The humoral response of foals to somatic antigen preparations was negligible, with few differences noted between sera from healthy, subclinically affected, and sick foals. The humoral response to R. equi broth culture supernatant products appeared more marked and was related to equi factor antibody titer. These findings suggest that the humoral response to R. equi whole-cell antigens is unimportant in protection against disease, which is consistent with the behavior of the organism as a facultative intracellular pathogen.
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PMID:Antibody response of horses to Rhodococcus equi antigens. 365 84

To identify the factors associated with a poor outcome, we reviewed the records of 28 patients with tularemia diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. Most of the patients were men between the ages of 35 and 45 years, who presented with ulceroglandular tularemia. Twelve patients had the anticipated rapid response to therapy, with resolution of their presenting symptoms within one week (group A). Surprisingly, the majority (16 [58%] of 28) had a more prolonged or fatal illness (group B). Group B patients more often had a serious underlying medical disorder, and waited longer before seeking medical attention. Only patients in group B presented with electrolyte or renal function abnormalities (31%), pneumonia and pleural effusions (25%), elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels (25%), and Francisella tularensis bacteremia (12.5%). Sterile pyuria, however, was an unexpectedly frequent finding in both groups. Group B patients more often experienced a prolonged delay from the time of physician contact to therapy, and were not treated with an aminoglycoside; relapse (12.5%) and death (6.2%) occurred only in group B. Thus, earlier and more appropriate intervention by the physician may have prevented some of the increased morbidity in our patients. These findings suggest that rapid presumptive aminoglycoside therapy (gentamicin sulfate or streptomycin sulfate) should be considered soon after tularemia is suspected, especially for patients with serious underlying medical disorders.
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PMID:Factors associated with a poor outcome in tularemia. 381 43


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