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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibiotic sensitivity of 486 strains of grampositive and gramnegative organisms isolated from patients with purulent infections was studied in vitro. Gentamicin was shown to be highly active as compared to kanamycin and other antibiotics against the main causative agents of purulent inflammatory infections including multiresistant E. coli, Proteus, Ps. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus. High efficiency of gentamicin in therapy of peritonitis, septic conditions, purulent postoperative wounds, infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia, etc. (197 patients) was shown. Positive results were obtained in 87.4 per cent of the cases. Side effects, such as albuminuria, hyperthermic reaction, rash, pruritus were registered in 3 per cent of the patients.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of gentamicin sulfate in suppurative-inflammatory processes of varying localization]. 32 51

Gentamicin in combination with cephalothin (Gent-Ceph) or with chloramphenicol (Gent-Chloro) was utilized in the treatment of 55 infections occurring in 49 cancer patients. Responses were obtained in 78% of the infections treated with Gent-Ceph and in 64% of those treated with Gent-Chloro. Pneumonia and septicemia were the most common infections in this study. Among the cases of penumonia, 64% responded to Gent-Ceph and 67% to Gent-Chloro. Among the cases of septicemia, 88% responded to Gent-Ceph and 50% to Gent-Chloro. All of the identified organisms producing infection were gram-negative bacilli. Of these, E. coli was the most common. All organisms were resistant to cephalothin in vitro, and only 41% of them were resistant to chloramphenicol. However, resistant organisms responded significantly better to the Gent-Ceph combination (p less than 0.025). Also, response to therapy among patients with severe neutropenia (less than 100 neutrophils/mm3) was better for those patients treated with Gent-Ceph (p = 0.07). The combination of gentamicin with cephalothin or with chloramphenicol did not increase the frequency of side effects expected from gentamicin alone. No significant hematological toxicity was seen among those patients treated with chloramphenicol. Gentamicin in combination with cephalothin or chloramphenicol is an effective and safe antibiotic combination against gram-negative bacilli infections occurring in cancer patients. The efficacy of Gent-Ceph in patients with severe neutropenia is particularly advantageous.
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PMID:Therapy of infections in neutropenic patients: results with gentamicin in combination with cephalothin or chloramphenicol. 77 74

Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was produced in dogs with radiation-induced leukopenia to study the comparative efficacy of several different therapies. In a randomized control trial, five treatment regimens were compared: no antibiotics or granulocytes (controls), gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day), carbenicillin (500 mg/kg/day), gentamicin and carbenicillin (same dosages), and daily granulocyte transfusion (minimum 5 x 10(9) cells/day) plus gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day). The most effective therapy was gentamicin plus granulocyte transfusions. Gentamicin alone was not significantly better than no specific therapy. Carbenicillin with or without gentamicin gave intermediate results. This study further supports the utility of granulocyte replacement therapy of infections in severely granulocytopenic subjects. The results also indicate that the relative value of granulocyte transfusions depends upon the specific antibiotic regimen with which these transfusions are compared.
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PMID:Experimental Pseudomonas pneumonia in leukopenic dogs: comparison of therapy with antibiotics and granulocyte transfusions. 81

The clinical presentation, complications and sensitivity pattern was studied in 30 cases of enteric fever. Fever was the main presenting feature in all. Other associated predominant presenting feature were vomiting in 15 (50%), Loose motion 9 (30%), Cough 6 (20%), headache 4 (13.33%) and altered sensorium in 2 (6.66%). The various complications observed during hospital stay were myocarditis 5 (6.16%), Paralytic ileus 2 (6.66%), Pneumonia 1 (3.33%) and Joint effusion in 2 (6.66%) cases respectively. In laboratory parameters-mild elevation of blood urea and SGOT/SGPT were detected in 1st week, which returned to normal in 2-3 weeks time. In vitro sensitivity of organism isolated (24 cases) were as follow--Chloramphenicol 7 (29.16%), Ampicillin 8 (33.33%), Gentamicin 22 (91.66%), Amikacin 24 (100%), Cefotaxime 22 (91.66%), Ciprofloxacin 24 (100%), and Ofloxacin 24 (100%). Clinical response to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was 100%, and fever subsided in 3-5 days.
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PMID:Changing profile of enteric fever--in summer-91. 130 27

Strictly enforced antibiotic formulary restriction in combination with formulation of agreed guidelines for antibiotic use in common infection problems such as septicemia, febrile neutropenia, urinary tract infection, biliary sepsis, liver abscess, peritonitis, nosocomial pneumonia, soft tissue infection and purulent meningitis, generated a combined savings of 307,748.5 bahts or 13.5 per cent cost reduction over a 6 month period, and improved quality of use, appropriate 54.8 vs 67.5 per cent, statistically significance (P less than 0.002). Although this saving was offset in part by increased spending of unrestricted antibiotics, such as Penicillin and Gentamicin, an overall cost saving remained. In the months during the restrictions, no significant changes occurred regarding patients response and mortality. However, after the onset of the controls, it was revealed that antibiotics were more appropriately used afterwards. This study has shown, most importantly, that savings were achieved with no negative effect on good patient care. Moreover, the antibiotic use control was operationally successful, most house-staff and attending physicians, not only antibiotic evaluating team, have accepted the program in a very positive way. Overall, this program successfully achieved its initial goal, cost saving without compromising good medical practice. We are now continuing our program and also trying to modify so that it will be useful to all departments in the hospital.
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PMID:Effect of a selective restriction policy on antibiotic expenditure and use: an institutional model. 176 42

A multiclinic study of gentamicin (GM) given by intravenous drip infusion was carried out by the Gentamicin Pediatric Study Group. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Upon intravenous drip infusion of GM at a dose range of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg over a period of 0.5-1 hour, therapeutically effective serum concentrations of 4-12 micrograms/ml were obtained. These values are similar to reported values in previous studies using GM intramuscular injection. 2. High urinary concentrations were observed up to 6 hours after administration, and the urinary recovery rate was approximately 60%. 3. Of a total of 142 cases collected, 117 cases were evaluated. Efficacy rates by diseases were: 100% in pneumonia (30/30), 98.3% in urinary tract infections (59/60), and 92.3% in other infections (skin and soft tissue) (12/13), with an overall efficacy rate of 94.9% (including 77 "excellent" cases). 4. Bacteriological examinations showed high eradication rates with the use of GM; i.e., 80% with Staphylococcus aureus (8/10), 60% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3/5), 100% with Haemophilus influenzae (7/7) and 97.8% with Escherichia coli (44/45), achieving an overall eradication rate of 92.4%. In mixed infections, the eradication rate was 85.7% (6/7). 5. No ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity or allergic reactions was observed. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were: GOT elevation in 3.1% of cases, GPT elevation in 3.9%, platelet increase in 1.5% and eosinophil increase in 0.8%, thus an overall rate of the appearance of abnormality was 5.6%. The above results indicate that an intravenous drip infusion of GM is a useful method for treating infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[Clinical and fundamental studies on intravenous drip infusion of gentamicin in the pediatric field. Pediatric study group of gentamicin]. 321 76

Combined antimicrobial drug treatment was recommended for foals with Corynebacterium equi pneumonia. The preferred combination is orally administered erythromycin estolate (25 mg/kg of body weight, QID) plus rifampin (10 mg/kg, BID). Erythromycin estolate also can be combined for synergistic effect with sodium benzyl penicillin given IV (100,000 IU/kg, QID) or with ampicillin given IV (11 to 15 mg/kg, QID). A third choice is sodium benzyl penicillin IV with gentamicin IM (2.2 mg/kg, TID) or with kanamycin IM (10 mg/kg, QID). Gentamicin should be combined with penicillin G or ampicillin and not used for longer than one week without monitoring for nephrotoxicosis. Rifampin should be used only in combination with erythromycin or penicillin. Erythromycin or rifampin and gentamicin give antagonistic interactions in vitro. Chloramphenicol or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be effective if given in high doses but are not preferred drugs. Treatment response should be monitored clinically and radiographically and treatment should be continued for 2 weeks after the foal is clinically and radiographically normal.
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PMID:Treatment of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals: a review. 390 54

During six-month period, 102 consecutive episodes of fever in 68 children (ranging from 1 month to 14 years of age) with malignant diseases were prospectively evaluated. Sixty-five had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nine had acute myeloblastic leukemia, nine had malignant lymphoma (four Hodgkin and five non-Hodgkin), five had chronic myeloid leukemia, four had rhabdomyosarcoma, three had CNS tumors, two had neuroblastoma, one had Wilms, and four had other malignant tumors. Forty cases (39.2%) showed severe neutropenia (500 neutrophil/m3) during the episode. S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pyogenes were in 53% of the 75 microbiologic isolates. Twenty-two percent of the viral studies were positive. Mycologic studies were all negative, except one case with C. Albicans. Pneumonia (33 cases), cellulitis (15 cases), pharyngitis (12 cases), and varicella (11 cases) were the most common final diagnosis. Seventy-one percent of the episodes were etiologically documented (by bacterial isolate, characteristic serology, and/or typical clinic picture); 19% of the febrile episodes were probable infections, and 10% were fever of uncertain cause. Ninety percent of the cases responded well to therapy, and mortality of this series was 7%. Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Methicilin were the more common antibiotics employed. We conclude that in our population 1) infection is a frequent cause of morbidity in children with malignant diseases; 2) the most common cause of the febrile episodes is bacterial infection; 3) S. aureus, E. coli and S. pyrogenes are the most frequent bacterial isolates, and P. aeruginosa is infrequent; 4)viral infections are relatively frequent in this group of children; and 5) with adequate management, the mortality is low.
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PMID:Infections in children with malignant disease in Argentina. 722 35

An alternative to streptomycin for treatment of possible tularemia would be useful on occasions when a patient develops a perplexing pneumonia that does not respond to initial treatment. In geographic areas where tularemia is endemic, an antimicrobial drug that is bactericidal for Francisella tularensis and is also effective against a spectrum of common pulmonary pathogens, including the Enterobacteriaceae and most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, would be desirable. The purposes of this report are (1) to describe observations regarding the in vitro susceptibility of Francisella tularensis to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin; (2) to describe in vivo efficacy of these drugs in mouse tularemia; (3) to describe the results in 10 patients with tularemia treated with gentamicin. Gentamicin was bactericidal for Francisella tularensis in vitro, was effective in mouse tularemia when given in large doses, and was effective in humans when given in the standard recommended dose.
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PMID:Treatment of tularemia, including pulmonary tularemia, with gentamicin. 735 12

The antibiotic therapy of aspiration pneumonia was retrospectively reviewed in 74 institutionalized children with lung abscess (10), necrotizing pneumonia (12), and pneumonitis (52). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 69 patients (93%); and in 67 (90.5%), they were mixed with aerobic bacteria. Penicillin G was given to 20 patients, clindamycin to 20, and carbenicillin to 34. Gentamicin was concurrently given to 35 of the patients. The mean duration of therapy in the three types of pulmonary infection was: lung abscess 30.2 days, necrotizing pneumonia 26.6 days, and pneumonitis 15.1 days. The mean duration of fever after initiation of therapy was 5.8 days, 8.1 days, and 3.4 days, respectively. The mean time for radiologic clearance was 35.6 days for lung abscess, 39.2 days for necrotizing pneumonia, and 13.5 days for pneumonitis. The three antibiotics were equally effective in all patients, including those from whom Bacteroides fragilis was recovered.
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PMID:Aspiration pneumonia in institutionalized children. A retrospective comparison of treatment with penicillin G, clindamycin and carbenicillin. 746 Apr 62


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