Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Second and fifth grade schoolchildren living within 19 km from a 1400 megawatt coal fired power plant are followed up. Their parents filled out an ATS-NHLI health questionnaire and they performed pulmonary function tests (PFT), which included: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF. The effects of socioeconomic background, smoking habits and pulmonary diseases in the families on the distribution of respiratory symptoms, respiratory diseases and PFT of the children were analysed. Higher FEV1/FVC, lower prevalence of respiratory diseases and excess respiratory symptoms were present among children from crowded homes. Mothers' smoking was found to be connected with significantly higher prevalence of bronchitis, non significant higher prevalence of asthma, significant lower FEV1/FVC and a trend of lower FEV1 and PEF among their children. House heating did not effect the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases of the children. Significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases was found among children, whose families reported about a history of pulmonary diseases, but no reduction of PFT parameters could be found among them. Mothers' contribution to respiratory symptoms and diseases of their children seems to be more significant than that of the children's fathers. Most respiratory symptoms were more common among children with a history of pneumonia in childhood, especially those who had pneumonia recently.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of childhood respiratory disease in Israel. 349 Mar 98

Microbiologic studies (MBSs) fail to identify a specific pathogen in more than 50% of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The 1993 American Thoracic Society guideline (ATS-GL) for the management of CAP advised selecting initial antibiotic regimens based on severity of illness and comorbidities. Our study evaluated the role of initial MBS in adult patients hospitalized with CAP and treated according to the ATS-GL. In 184 patients hospitalized at our facility for CAP in 1996, and treated according to the ATS-GL, 25 (14%) failed to respond to initial antibiotic regimens. In these nonresponders, there was no difference in mortality between those in whom antibiotics were changed empirically, and those with MBS-guided changes. We conclude that initial MBS may not be warranted in many adult patients admitted for CAP. Exceptions include patients with conditions that predispose to less common, more resistant pathogens.
 ...
PMID:Initial microbiologic studies did not affect outcome in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. 1039 Apr 23

This retrospective multicenter study compared microorganisms documented by quantitative cultures from bronchoscopic samples in episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) from three different institutions in Barcelona (B), Montevideo (M), and Seville (S). The observations were compared with the findings reported by Trouillet and coworkers (AJRCCM 1998;157:531-539) in Paris (P). The objective was to evaluate whether a classification of etiologies of VAP in four groups, based on the number of ventilation days and previous antimicrobial use, might contribute to establishing generalized guidelines for empirical therapy. Significant variations in etiologies (p < 0.05) were found in all of the microorganisms isolated from VAP episodes across three treatment sites when compared with the reference site (P). In Group 1 (< 7 d and absence of antibiotics), Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained extremely infrequent (3 of 89, 3.3%) in the joint category, whereas the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher, owing to M findings. On the other hand, one site (B) had a significantly lower incidence of multiresistant pathogens (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and nonfermenters other than P. aeruginosa), even in Group 2 (< 7 d and antibiotics), Group 3 (>/= 7 d and absence of antibiotics), and Group 4 (antibiotics and >/= 7 days). Similar findings were documented when episodes were grouped according to Groups 1 and 3 of the ATS guidelines. We conclude that causes of VAP varied markedly across four treatment sites, resulting in the need for large-scale variations in antimicrobial prescribing practices. Instead of following general recommendations, antimicrobial prescribing practices for VAP should be based on up-to-date information of the pattern of multiresistant isolates from each institution.
 ...
PMID:Variations in etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia across four treatment sites: implications for antimicrobial prescribing practices. 1043 Jul 36

The aim of this retrospective study was to elucidate the characteristics of five guidelines of community-acquired pneumonia: ATS (1993), ATS (2001), IDSA (1998), IDSA (2000) and the guidelines of the Japan Respiratory Society (2000). One hundred community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to the International Medical Center of Japan were investigated in accordance with each set of guidelines based on the physical, laboratory, and chest radiography findings on the first day of treatment. According to the ATS (1993) guidelines, 33% of the cases were classified as "severe" pneumonia. On the other hand, according to the ATS (2001) guidelines, only 8% of the cases were classified as "severe" pneumonia. According to the IDSA guidelines, 35% of the patients were classified as "outpatients". Fluoroquinolone appears to be a very important antibiotic drug in the new guidelines of both ATS and IDSA. The scoring system of IDSA suggested a correlation between the patient's score and the pathogenic bacteria. According to the guidelines of the Japan Respiratory Society, 42% of the cases were classified as "severe" pneumonia. There are evident differences between these guidelines, and clinicians need to have a full understanding of their respective characteristics.
 ...
PMID:[Comparison of five guidelines of community-acquired pneumonia]. 1185 80

The 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias standardizes definitions and criteria for classification and diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and replaces previous classifications. Based on clinico-radiologic-pathologic criteria seven entities were defined: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, acute interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. The following paper includes a brief overview of the histopathological diagnosis of these entities as compared to other diffuse interstitial pulmonary diseases and pulmonary manifestations of collagenvascular diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Histological classification of interstitial lung diseases]. 1262 98

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the plasma D-Dimer (D-d) level and the severity of the pneumonia in patients who have not any disease that may increase the D-d level, but pneumonia. This is prospective controlled study. Using the ATS 2001 Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Guideline we divided the patients into two groups [severe (n= 14) and non-severe (n= 37) CAP] and looked for any significant difference in D-d levels with ELISA method among the patients groups and control group. Plasma D-d levels were 2438 +/- 2158 ng/mL in severe CAP group, 912.6 +/- 512.6 ng/mL in non-severe CAP group and 387 +/- 99.56 ng/mL in the control group. Patients with non-severe CAP and those with severe CAP group both showed an increase in plasma levels of D-d compared to control group (p< 0.05, p< 0.001, respectively). We also found that the severe CAP group had increased in plasma levels of D-d compared to the non-severe CAP group (p< 0.001). Plasma D-d level increases significantly in patients with CAP compared to control group. Plasma D-d levels increases significantly with the severity of the CAP.
 ...
PMID:Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the severity of community acquired pneumonia. 1555 56

In Thailand, the death rate from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially severe CAP, has increased steadily over the past decade. To optimize the outcome, rapid start of appropriate antibiotics and supportive care are the mainstay of management. We therefore assessed the local etiology and outcome of adult patients with severe CAP admitted between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001. One hundred and five of 383 patients (27.4%) met the ATS criteria for severe CAP. The mean age was 56.9 (SD 18.2) years. The male to female ratio was 60:45. Duration of symptoms before admission was 5.3 (SD 4.0) days. Most of them (91.4%) had co-morbidity, diabetes mellitus being most common. A microbiological pathogen was isolated in 62 patients (59%). The pathogens most commonly isolated were B. pseudomallei (29.4%), S. pneumoniae (20.6%), K. pneumoniae (19.1%), and H. influenzae (11.8%). Other less common pathogens were E. coli (5.9%), S. aureus (5.9%), M. pneumoniae (1.5%), M. catarrhalis (1.5%), P. aeruginosa (1.5%), P. fluorescens (1.5%), and S. stercoralis (1.5%). Hospitalization averaged 14.7 (SD 14.3) days and mortality was 21%. Clinicals in 17.1 % of patients did not improve and they transferred home. Most (81.9%) patients required mechanical ventilation, while 60 (57.1%) developed septic shock, and 13 (12.3%) acute renal failure. Severe CAP carried high mortality, despite intensive care. Empirical therapy for B. pseudomallei should be considered, where endemic, and for patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure.
 ...
PMID:Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 1569 Nov 51

The pathological classification of interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes two general groups, diffuse infiltrative pneumonia with a specific histological presentation due to primary disease of unknown or unrecognized cause and idiopathic ILD. Diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical, radiological and pathological findings. In the first group of diffuse infiltrative pneumonia, the diagnosis is usually straightforward, established on endoscopic biopsy, alveolar lavage or surgical material depending on the case. The pathological classification of idiopathic ILD requires a surgical specimen. The entities redefined by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) are: usual interstitial pneumonia, non specific interstitial pneumonia, chronic organized pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia with respiratory bronchiolitis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is established in a precise clinical and radiological context with an aspect of common interstitial pneumonia of the biopsy material. It is important to recognized common interstitial pneumonia because of the severe prognosis and to distinguish it from non-specific ILD.
 ...
PMID:[New classification of interstitial lung disease]. 1614 85

Organising Pneumonia (formerly called Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Organising Pneumonia) is a particular form of inflammatory and fibroproliferative lung disease. Its idiopathic form called Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia, was recently defined by an ATS/ERS consensus conference. The disease onset is subacute with cough, dyspnea, fever, asthenia, weight loss, crackles, and elevation of biological inflammatory markers. Bronchoalveolar lavage reveals a mixed alveolitis with elevated lymphocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts. Chest imaging usually shows multifocal alveolar opacities predominating in the subpleural regions, often with a migratory pattern. Lung biopsy reveals budding connective tissue filling the distal airspaces. Diagnosis is established by combining clinical, radiological and histological criteria. Similarities with other disease processes can lead to delayed or erroneous diagnosis. Most patients respond well to corticosteroid therapy. Relapses are frequent but can generally be controlled with moderate doses of prednisone and do not worsen the prognosis. The therapeutic strategy aims at reducing the steroid doses while maintaining an optimal disease control.
 ...
PMID:[Cryptogenic organising pneumonia]. 1614 93

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a clinical-pathological entity that, if idiopathic, makes part of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias classification of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) of 2002 (50% of the cases, called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, or COP). In the remaining 50% it is secondary, representing one modality of response of the lung to various forms of injury. Typical computed tomography (CT) pattern has been widely described and consists of peripheral parenchymal consolidations with air bronchogram with or without surrounding ground-glass-like opacities. The purpose of this article is to describe the less frequent imaging pattern of this disease represented by single or multiple focal lesions (nodules or masses that place diagnostic problems with malignancy), bronchocentric pattern (parenchymal consolidations with peribronchovascular distribution), atoll sign (central area of ground-glass-like density and peripheral area of consolidation), nodular lesions (poorly defined micronodular pattern), linear and band-like opacities (subpleural linear opacities that can have disposition parallel or perpendicular in relation to the pleura), perilobular pattern (thickening of the interlobular septa with reticular pattern) and progressive fibrotic pattern (irregular thickening of the interlobular septa with associated ground-glass-like appearance and consolidations).
 ...
PMID:Organizing pneumonia: typical and atypical HRCT patterns. 1667 78


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>