Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously unrecognized autosomal dominant syndrome affecting oral, nasal, vaginal, urethral, anal, bladder, and conjunctival mucosa with cataracts, follicular keratosis, nonscarring alopecia, and terminal lung disease is described in a four-generation kindred of German extraction. Severe photophobia, tearing, and nystagmus in infancy heralds the development of keratitis, corneal vascularization, and lens cataracts. Repeated corneal transplants have failed. Red, periorificial mucosal lesions involving the above structures are noted by 1 year of age and may persist throughout life. Chronic rhinorrhea and repeated upper respiratory infections frequently progress to bilateral pneumonia accompanied by loss of hair, diarrhea, occasional melena, enuresis, pyuria, and hematuria. Spontaneous pneumothorax is frequent, terminating in fibrocystic-type lung disease and cor pulmonale. Women have had repeated abnormal vaginal PAP smears. Histologically the mucosal epithelium shows dyshesion, thinning of the epithelial layer, and dyskeratosis. Mucosal PAP smears show lack of epithelial maturation, cytoplasmic vacuoles and inclusions, and individual cell dyskeratosis. Histochemically there is a lack of cornification and keratinization. Ultrastructural studies show lack of keratohyalin granules, a paucity of desmosomes, intercellular accumulations, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and formation of bands and aggregates of filamentous fibers and structures in the cytoplasm resembling desmosomes and gap junctions. The condition is probably a panepithelial cell defect of desmosomal and gap junction structure most prominently affecting mucosal epithelia associated with an increased susceptibility to a variety of adventitious organisms.
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PMID:Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: a disease apparently of desmosome and gap junction formation. 48 50

The effect of an experimental Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis infection (3 times intranasal instillation of 3-5 ml bouillon with 10(7) Colony forming units [CFU]/ml) in combination with a standard thermomotoric stress (swim-test) was studied in piglets using pathomorphological, immunomorphological and microbiological methods. The 92 piglets were divided into the following 5 groups: swimmers with infection (S-I; n = 19); swimmers without infection (S; n = 19); control piglets with infection (K-I; n = 21); controls without infection, but direct (K1; n = 16) or indirect contact (K2; n = 17) with experimentally infected animals. The experimental or spontaneous infection (direct or aerogenous infection) with M. hyorhinis caused in 30.4% of the piglets an acute or subacute, catarrhal-purulent bronchopneumonia with an interstitial component. Incidence and intensity of pneumonia were significantly higher in the groups with thermomotoric stress (independent from the mode of infection) than in the non-stressed groups. The M. hyorhinis pneumonia was characterized by a limited expansion and a trend to restitution. The causal agent (M. hyorhinis) was demonstrated with immunomorphological methods (immunofluorescence and PAP) in the ciliary zone of the nasal, tracheal and especially on the bronchial mucosa, and occasionally in the bronchioles and alveoli.
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PMID:[The pathology and pathogenesis of experimental Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection of piglets with and without thermomotoric stress. 1. Pathologico-anatomic, histologic and immunomorphologic study results]. 190 90

Twenty-two patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia underwent cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography late after repair. In ten patients, the disease was not associated with the major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA), but in 12 patients, the disease was associated with it. Three patients died after restudy, two because of pulmonary hypertension and one because of pneumonia. Pulmonary artery mean pressure was 15-92 (28 +/- 21) mmHg, being higher in 75% of the patients with MAPCA than the normal range. The number of pulmonary artery subsegments connected to the central pulmonary arteries was determined from pulmonary arteriography, being 22-42 (38 +/- 6). Pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vasculature resistance (PVR), 0.8-35.2 (10 +/- 9), inversely correlated with the number of the centrally connected pulmonary artery subsegments (r = -0.81, p less than 0.001 vs PAP, r = -0.85, p less than 0.001 vs PVR). PVR per subsegment also inversely correlated with them (r = -0.81, p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that pulmonary vasculature resistance is abnormally high in this disease, and increase as the number of the centrally connected pulmonary artery subsegments decrease.
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PMID:[Late postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia]. 192 1

Using the formulae of Fazio and coworkers, the regional extravascular lung water per blood volume and flow was calculated in normal volunteers, in patients with left heart failure, sarcoidosis, allergic alveolitis and pneumonia. The double-isotope technique was used. 113mIn-chloride was intravascular tracer and 123I-antipyrine extravascular tracer. They were injected intravenously as rapid bolus. The activity in the lungs was detected with gamma camera and the time-activity curves were generated with PDP-Gamma-11 computer system. Mean transit times were calculated using two different mathematical handlings of the dilution curves, with gamma fitting parameters and by the area-per-height method. The latter method gave mean transit times about double those calculated with gamma fitting parameters, because the peripheral injection decreased the peak height. Therefore, the area per height method to calculate mean transit times by peripheral injection was found to be inaccurate. The control group consisted of 16 healthy adults. In two subjects repeated studies were made in one week. Their individual, regional extravascular lung water values varied somewhat, but were on second examination found to be between the range of the values found from the first examination. The regional extravascular lung water values in patient groups were correlated with corresponding clinical, laboratory and roentgenographic findings. The values for extravascular water discussed on the next page are calculated only by means of transit times with gamma fitting parameters, although the extravascular water values determined by the area-per-height method also significantly increased in patients compared to the control group. The cardiac group consisted of 52 patients, of whom 23 had clinically compensated and 29 decompensated left heart failure. Regional extravascular lung water significantly increased in patients with decompensated heart failure when compared to patients with compensated heart failure. The cardiac group was also divided into three subgroups after radiological grading of pulmonary venous hypertension. Between GR I (n = 17) without signs of venous hypertension and GR II (n = 18) with signs of venous congestion no significant differences in regional extravascular lung water were found. However, in GR I and GR II the values for regional extravascular water increased when compared to the control group, which is probably due to increased perfusion of vessels or increased blood volume in these cardiac patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Measurement of regional extravascular lung water using the double indicator-dilution isotope technique. 391 68

Clinical effect of acetylspiramycin, one of macrolide antibiotics, primary atypical pneumonia and serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumonia in children was studied. Twenty-four cases of these pneumonia (PAP 11, MP 13) in children were selected and acetylspiramycin was given in dose of approximately 30 mg/kg/day orally. Clinical response was evaluated in terms of improvement in fever, cough and chest X-ray. Clinical response was excellent in 4, good in 5, fair in 14 cases and none in 1 case. No definite adverse effect was observed, however 3 cases showed skin rashes. Two cases showed evanescent small erythematopapulous rash and 1 case developed urticaria on the 2nd to 4th day after this drug was given. These skin rash seemed one of the manifestation of Mycoplasma infections, rather than adverse side effect. One case showed elevated transaminase activity before acetylspiramycin was given and improved on the 2nd week, although this drug was continued. No other side effect was observed. We were able to use acetylspiramycin only in the form of 200 mg tablet and difficulty of the administration was encountered in children under 5 years of age. Other form (dry syrup, etc.) of this drug should be considered for the clinical use in children. In conclusion, acetylspiramycin was effective and safe for the treatment of primary atypical pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumonia.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of acetylspiramycin on primary atypical pneumonia in children (author's transl)]. 732 Nov 87

We describe the cases of two individuals with advanced AIDS who sought treatment for rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to T gondii pneumonia. The first patient responded to specific therapy after an early diagnosis but died 2 months later of bacterial sepsis. In the second case, the diagnosis was made at autopsy. This led to a meticulous retrospective review of the original slides of material obtained from BAL. T gondii tachyzoites not previously identified during the initial analysis of the slides were seen on both GIE and PAP stains. Neither of our severely immunocompromised patients had evidence of central nervous system involvement. Even though we cannot exclude dissemination to other organs, a progressive pneumonitis mimicking a classic P carinii infection was the primary presentation. Trophozoites were identified by BAL in both cases, underscoring the diagnostic potential of this minimally invasive procedure.
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PMID:Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage. 820 79

A broad spectrum of diseases and clinical syndromes can masquerade as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Many such disorders, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), bronchiolitis obliterans--organizing pneumonia (BOOP), reactions to drugs or exogenous agents, systemic vasculitis, and alveolar hemorrhage (AH; pulmonary-renal) syndromes, are immune-mediated and warrant treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. In addition, rare neoplastic and lymphoproliferative disorders, and conditions of uncertain etiology (eg, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis [PAP]) may have clinical and radiographic features that overlap with infectious causes of pneumonia. Distinguishing infectious from noninfectious causes of pneumonia may be difficult, and requires the use of ancillary serologic studies and often histologic material to establish a precise etiologic diagnosis. For some of these disorders (particularly Wegener's granulomatosis [WG], systemic necrotizing vasculitis [SNV], and antiglomerular basement antibody disease [anti-GBM disease]), serologic markers are invaluable in confirming the diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease. In this report, we review the salient clinical and histologic features of these diverse diseases, and present a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
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PMID:Noninfectious mimics of community-acquired pneumonia. 837 73

The aim of the study was the ultrastructural analysis of endogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP)-type changes localized in the vicinity of primary neoplasms of the lungs. The analysis was carried out on the material obtained from 30 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Routine histopathological examination was performed in light microscope, focusing mainly on the presence or lack of ELP-type changes. Ultrastructural examinations in transmission electron microscope used 12 cases classified among early (4 cases) or advanced (8 cases) ELP forms. Results of the study reveal a likely coexistence of ELP- and PAP (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis)-type changes in the vicinity of NSCLC and suggest a correlation between the processes leading to the development of ELP or/and PAP. Ethiopathogenesis of the changes observed and the role of granulocytes, macrophages and type II alveolar epithelial cells are discussed.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of endogenous lipid pneumonia and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis coexistent with lung cancer. 927 46

Women over 40 years of age comprise only between 9% and 20% of the population of Latin America and the Caribbean, but their numbers are growing. Life expectancy for women in the region is expected to exceed 71 years by the year 2000. In Costa Rica, women are responsible for more than 36% of urban households headed by persons over 60, according to a report. Many women in developing countries continue to bear children in their forties. In the 1980s the major causes of death for women over 45 in Latin America were heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, accidents and pneumonia/influenza. Cancer is the leading cause of death followed by heart disease. In urbanized countries chronic liver disease is a prime cause of death, often as the result of alcohol abuse. Infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and intestinal infections are more lethal in countries with more rural populations. Beginning at about age 35, cancer ranks first or second as a cause of death. Breast and uterine cervix cancers are the most deadly for both Latin American and Caribbean women. In the less developed and rural countries cancer of the cervix predominates. In more developed countries breast cancer is more prevalent. Lower cervical cancer rates in more developed countries occur because of greater use of PAP smears. Among women aged 65 years and older, heart disease and strokes are the main causes of death in both Latin America and the Caribbean. Diabetes and other chronic degenerative diseases are increasing throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Diabetes is among the leading causes of death both in midlife and older women in 13 of the 18 Latin American countries and 6 of the 10 Caribbean nations. Among Latin American and Caribbean women at midlife and older chronic undernutrition is common. An estimated 37% of adult women in the Caribbean are anemic, 26% in Central America, 14% in tropical South America, and 12% in temperate South America. Osteoporosis with the potential for fractures is common among older women in the region. Community-based and home health care programs may be the solution for the health care needs of midlife and older women.
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PMID:The invisible force. Midlife and older women. 1215 75

Arnold Chiari Malformation (ACM) is defined as a condition where part of the cerebellar tissue herniates into the cervical canal toward the medulla and spinal cord resulting in a number of clinical manifestations. Type I ACM consists of variable displacement of the medulla throughout the formamen magnum into the cervical canal, with prominent cerebellar herniation.Type I ACM is characterized by symptoms related to the compression of craniovertebral junction, including ataxia, dysphagia, nistagmus, headache, dizziness, and sleep disordered breathing. We report a case of a life-long non-smoker, 54 years old woman who presented these symptoms associated with bronchiectasis secondary to recurrent inhalation pneumonia, hypercapnic respiratory failure, and central sleep apnea (CSA).CSA was first unsuccessfully treated with nocturnal c-PAP. The subsequent treatment with low flow oxygen led to breathing pattern stabilization with resolution of CSA and related clinical symptoms during sleep. We suggest that in patients with type I ACM the presence of pulmonary manifestations aggravating other respiratory disturbances including sleep disordered breathing (SDB) should be actively investigated. The early diagnosis is desirable in order to avoid serious and/or poorly reversible damages.
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PMID:Type I Arnold-Chiari malformation with bronchiectasis, respiratory failure, and sleep disordered breathing: a case report. 2343 5


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