Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthesis of collagen and EIIIA-containing cellular fibronectin in certain forms of pulmonary fibrosis occurs in discrete locations: in the Masson bodies in bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and in focal clusters of fibroblasts (fibroblastic foci) within airspaces in usual interstitial pneumonia. These sites were examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cytoskeletal markers and extracellular matrix components in biopsies from three patients with bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and four patients with usual interstitial pneumonia. Fibroblasts of both Masson bodies and fibroblastic foci expressed vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin but not desmin, distinguishing them from true smooth muscle. In both structures fibroblasts with well-formed actin filament bundles were aligned parallel to one another, enmeshed in a matrix of fibronectin-containing fibrils (microtendons) that linked cells and collagen bundles. Similar features characterize the phase of contraction during the healing of skin wounds. This suggests that active contractions of fibroblasts plays a role in the remodeling of the lung in pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:The roles of the myofibroblast in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of sites of active extracellular matrix synthesis. 202 10

Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is characterized by air space fibrosis of unknown origin. Clinical resolution under steroid treatment suggests the removal of the fibrotic lesion. Open lung biopsies of four patients with idiopathic BOOP were studied by immunochemistry and electron microscopy. Three distinct cell-matrix patterns of intra-alveolar bud were found to represent the sequential evolution of the fibrotic process: fibrinoid inflammatory cell clusters in which immunoglobulins and procoagulant factors (fibrinogen, factors VII and X) were identified; fibroinflammatory buds in which desmin-containing fibroblasts were observed migrating, proliferating, and secreting matrix proteins; fibrotic buds in which myofibroblasts organized a loose connective matrix predominantly composed of fibronectin and type III collagen. Extending forms of fibrotic buds may join contiguous alveoli. Fibrotic bud remodeling ability is correlated to the nature and organization of the matrix components but the factors permitting intra-alveolar matrix degradation must be characterized.
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PMID:Intra-alveolar fibrosis of idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia. Cell-matrix patterns. 237 39

A primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland in a 72 year old Japanese woman is described. This is the second case reported in the English literature. The patient presented with a 7 month history of a gradually expanding tumor in the right neck. The surgical specimen taken by thyroid lobectomy revealed a relatively well demarcated tumor, 2 x 2 x 3 cm in size, confined to the right lobe. Histologically, the tumor showed a classical leiomyosarcomatous appearance of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with occasional blunt-ended nuclei and a high frequency of mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells clearly showed smooth muscle differentiation; the cells were positive for desmin, muscle-specific actin and vimentin and negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, thyroglobulin and calcitonin. The patient was free of disease for 3 years and 11 months without further treatment when evidence of multiple bone metastases appeared on bone scintigraphy. She died of pneumonia 4 years and 3 months after the lobectomy.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland. 846 59

Granular cell tumours rarely involve the lower respiratory tract. We report eight cases surgically resected at our institution. There were four females and four males, aged between 18 to 56 years (mean 40). One tumour associated with a peripheral lung adenocarcinoma was asymptomatic. The other lesions presented with obstructive pneumonitis (3 cases), haemoptysis (2), dyspnea (1) or cough (1). These tumours were tracheal (1) or bronchial (6) and one case was located in the lung parenchyma. Four cases were multicentric with associated lesions located in a bronchus (2), the oesophagus (1) or a mediastinal lymph node (1). All tumours, with the largest diameter ranging from 0.5-4.5 cm, were histologically invasive. The tumours were positive for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, KP1 (CD68) and vimentin. No tumour expressed desmin, keratin or p53 oncoprotein. Our study demonstrates that, in spite of marked anatomical and clinical polymorphism, the rare granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract have a constant histological appearance. Our observations confirm that large tumours (> 8-10 mm) usually extend beyond the tracheo-bronchial cartilages and, therefore, only surgical treatment may avoid recurrence.
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PMID:Granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract. 852 90

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver are extremely rare. Worldwide only 50 cases have been described so far. In lung tissue, their incidence is higher, with 119 cases being published. Etiological factors are still a matter of debate; reactive inflammatory processes have recently been proved by immunohistological and cytophotometric studies. This seems to be true for both liver and lung locations of inflammatory pseudotumors. Considerable morphological heterogeneities, conspicuously varying from one case to another, reflect the numerous synonyms that have been created for this condition, i.e., plasma cell granuloma, xanthoma, fibroxanthoma, histiocytoma, plasmacytoma, solitary "mast cell tumor" and pseudoneoplastic pneumonia, just to number a few of them. This multicolored morphology explains the difficulties in histologic diagnosis, especially if needle biopsies or frozen sections are submitted to pathology. Differential diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver needs to include fibrohistiocytic neoplasia if spindle-cell-shaped areas are included or, on the other hand, parenchymal infiltrates of the nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's granuloma. Immunohistological investigations do not allow final decisions since spindle-shaped cells within pseudotumours can express vimentin and/or desmin as well. Such histological cases should always include the excision of a piece of liver tissue of sufficient size to comfortably allow for the recognition of the multicellular composition and morphological heterogeneity of this process.
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PMID:[Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Morphologic and cytophotometry studies and differential diagnosis]. 857 May 61

A case of medullomyoblastoma is described. Partial removal of a cerebellar tumor was performed at the age of 21 months old, and histopathological diagnosis was medulloblastoma. Death occurred at 15 years of age, due to pneumonia and relapse of the tumor. Autopsy revealed well-differentiated muscular and ependymal components disseminated in the medulloblastic area. Immunohistochemically, desmin was positively detected in not only autopsy materials but also undifferentiated cells of the surgical specimens, suggesting prospective myoblastic differentiation.
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PMID:Development of medullomyoblastoma from classical medulloblastoma following a long term latency. 886 88

We examined 33 successive pulmonary biopsy specimens from nine patients who underwent pulmonary transplantation; they were compared to "normal" lung tissue selected from routine transbronchial biopsy material and also to surgical biopsy specimens from a previously reported study. We used as controls the three successive biopsy specimens from Patient 7, in whom rejection reaction did not develop, and the two specimens from Patient 6, who had pneumonia caused by cytomegalovirus. The material was embedded in paraffin, and the sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and Gomori's silver stains. They were also immunostained for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, transforming growth factor beta1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, keratin, CD3, CD20, CD68, and HLA-dr. In all of the lung tissue from patients in whom a rejection reaction developed, alveolar myofibroblasts (MFs) expressed alpha-SMA. Sometimes, alpha-SMA expression appeared before the classical manifestations of rejection reaction. MFs labeled by alpha-SMA antibody did not express desmin; alveolar septa containing alpha-SMA-positive cells were frequently lined by transforming growth factor beta1 and, occasionally, tumor necrosis factor alpha-laden Type II pneumocytes. In lung tissue (from successive biopsies) that did not show evidence of rejection reaction, alveolar MFs did not express alpha-SMA. Our findings demonstrate that modulation of alveolar MFs is one of the manifestations of rejection in transplanted lungs; furthermore, they suggest that alpha-SMA staining might be useful in predicting rejection reaction before the classical cellular events occur.
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PMID:Phenotypic modulation of alveolar myofibroblasts in transplanted human lungs. 938 65

An immature Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) with a history of seizure-like episodes developed signs of respiratory disease. The initial clinical diagnosis was pneumonia, and antibiotic therapy was started. The animal failed to improve after 14 days of therapy and developed unilateral, bloody nasal discharge. Endoscopic examination and radiography revealed a soft tissue mass in the nasopharynx depressing the soft palate. The tapir died 32 days after initial presentation. Histologic examination of the mass demonstrated a mesenchymal tumor composed of spindle cells with elongate nuclei forming densely packed fascicles. The neoplastic spindle cells showed prominent cross-striations. Immunohistochemistry revealed the cells to be positive for desmin and myoglobin, but negative for smooth muscle actin, confirming diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common nasopharyngeal soft tissue tumor of humans, and it has been reported infrequently in dogs, horses, and pigs. Neoplasia should be a differential diagnosis in cases of unilateral nasal discharge and inspiratory stridor, even in young animals.
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PMID:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an immature Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii). 1746 86