Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme from human lung and characteristics of the enzyme was studied. Experimental pneumonitis was produced in rabbits and the change of the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme was studied in purpose to clarify the role of this enzyme in the metabolism of vasoactive peptides in the lung. Purification was performed using trypsin treatment, acid treatment, DE52-cellulose column chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme after final step showed a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. Experimental pneumonitis was produced by injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (acute pneumonitis) and of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (chronic pneumonitis). In acute experiment, angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity in pulmonary tissue and in plasma was significantly decreased. In perfusion experiment, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and inactivation of bradykinin were also significantly decreased. In case of decreased activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in the lung, less angiotensin II will be released into systemic circulation and bradykinin will pass through the pulmonary circulation into systemic circulation, thus this may result in the decrease of systemic blood pressure.
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PMID:Purification and properties of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in human lung and its role on the metabolism of vasoactive peptides in pulmonary circulation. 22 10

The staining of viral antigens present in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by fluorescent antibodies is markedly enhanced by trypsin digestion. When the trypsin digestion method was used to detect viral antigens present in hamster brain following experimental infection with measles virus, the results were comparable to those obtained with acetone-fixed, freshly frozen tissues that had been sectioned with a cryostat. Measles antigens were readily identified in brain cells from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and in lung and liver tissue from a patient with acute giant cell pneumonia, following preparation of the tissues for routine histologic examination. Viral antigens were detected in brain tissue that had been taken from patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and stored in paraffin for up to 15 years. Cells containing antigen could be precisely identified without loss of histologic detail by restaining the same tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin.
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PMID:Enhancement of fluorescent antibody staining of viral antigens in formalin-fixed tissues by trypsin digestion. 23 Oct 70

The trypsin-inhibiting activity in pulmonary arterial blood and in blood of the left atrium was measured in rabbits with bacterial or papain-induced pneumonitis. In both experimental models, the trypsin-inhibiting activity was significantly lower (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.002) in blood after it had passed through the inflamed lung than in pulmonary arterial blood. Healthy rabbits had no arteriovenous difference of antitryptic activity in the pulmonary circulation. Consumption or alteration of inhibitors by protease in the inflamed tissue is a reasonable explanation for this difference. We interpreted these data as supporting the hypothesis that protease inhibitors in serum exert a protective function against proteolytic enzymes during inflammation. In conditions of low serum protease-inhibiting activity, as in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, proteolytic damage to lung tissue could result.
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PMID:Pulmonary arteriovenous differences in serum antiprotease activity during experimental pneumonitis. 120 Apr 87

A new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus was isolated from the lungs of pigs experiencing respiratory problems in 7 different swine herds in Quebec. Pigs of different ages were affected, and the main clinical signs were fever, dyspnea, and abdominal respiration. Coughing was not a constant finding of the syndrome. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions included the overall appearance of pale animals, general lymphadenopathy, hepatic congestion, and consolidation of the lungs. Histopathologic findings were mainly proliferative pneumonia with a significant macrophage invasion, necrotic inflammatory cells in the alveoli and the airways, a marked proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and thickening of the alveolar septae. Fluorescent antibody examination of lungs of sick piglets did not demonstrate porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, or encephalomyocarditis virus. However, evidence of the presence of an influenza type A infection was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining using monoclonal antibody directed to nucleocapsid protein (NP) of human type A influenza virus. The virus was isolated either by intra-allantoic inoculation of specific-pathogen-free embryonating hens' eggs or propagation in canine kidney (MDCK) cells in the presence of trypsin. By hemagglutination inhibition tests, no cross-reactivity was demonstrated with human influenza H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 strains, and infected MDCK cells did not react by IIF with monoclonal antibodies to NP protein of type B influenza virus. The hemagglutination activity of plaque-purified isolates was only partly inhibited by hyperimmune serum produced to subtypes A/Wisconsin/76/H1N1 and A/New Jersey/76/H1N1 of swine influenza virus. Gnotobiotic piglets that were infected intranasally with egg-adapted isolates of this new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus developed the very same type of lesions observed in field cases.
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PMID:Antigenic variant of swine influenza virus causing proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in pigs. 133 15

Different proteases from various microorganisms present in the respiratory tract were capable of enhancing influenza virus infectivity and pathogenicity in mice by proteolytic activation of hemagglutinin (HA). Aerococcus viridans, isolated from a patient with pneumonia, secreted a protease that could activate HA directly, similarly to some Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could not activate HA directly, but combined application of P. aeruginosa protease and virus into mice enhanced virus titers and pathogenicity. Generation of trypsin-like activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids resulting from this combination treatment may be responsible for HA activation. A similar indirect effect on HA activation was induced by streptokinase and staphylokinase, which are known to generate plasmin by plasminogen activation. It was concluded that plasminogen-activating streptococci and staphylococci facilitate viral replication and pathogenicity of plasmin-sensitive influenza virus strains by amplification of the plasminogen/plasmin system.
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PMID:Interactions between bacteria and influenza A virus in the development of influenza pneumonia. 152 12

Four strains of Mortierella wolfii isolated from cattle in Britain were compared in pathogenicity and toxigenicity with a strain isolated from a cow with the mycotic abortion-pneumonia syndrome in New Zealand. All strains produced acute lethal infection in rabbits after intravenous inoculation of mycelial suspensions and all produced subacute mycotic encephalitis in mice after intracerebral injection. They also produced an acid-stable, heat- and trypsin-labile toxin in vitro. The action of the toxin was exerted mainly on the kidneys in rabbits and mice and produced effects distinct from those resulting from infection with M. wolfii.
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PMID:Observations on the experimental pathogenicity and toxigenicity of Mortierella wolfii strains of bovine origin. 177 93

Ninety-eight patients with protracted pneumonia were examined for activity of the system proteinases--proteinases inhibitors in bronchial secretion. Correlation between antitrypsin activity (ATA) and activity of trypsin-like proteinases (TLP) was most demonstrable. By calculating the ratio ATA/TLP the index of inhibition of proteolytic activity was derived applied in diagnosis of protracted and chronic pneumonias. ++Clinico-biochemical parallels obtained in patients with protracted pneumonia upon 1.5-year follow-up led the authors to conclusion that if the above index remains low for 1 month of the adequate therapy protracted pneumonia tends to chronicity. If the follow-up results are indicative of increasing index, pneumonia may terminate in recovery.
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PMID:[Prognosis and differential diagnosis of protracted pneumonia using the indicators of inhibition of proteolytic activity]. 202 10

Tachyzoites of 2 isolates of Neospora caninum (NC-1 and NC-2) were inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), or orally into mice to compare the effects of route of inoculation on pathogenicity. Mice developed more severe disease, and disease occurred sooner when inoculated with the NC-1 isolate compared to the NC-2 isolate. Deaths occurred earlier in mice inoculated i.p. with either isolate. Mice inoculated orally or s.c. with tachyzoites responded similarly to infection. Tissue cysts of the NC-2 isolate produced infections in mice following oral or s.c. inoculation. Lesions seen in mice inoculated with tachyzoites or bradyzoites were primarily acute pneumonia, myositis, encephalitis, ganglioradiculoneuritis, and pancreatitis. In vitro studies demonstrated that tachyzoites of both isolates were killed by incubation in pepsin-HCl solution but not 1% trypsin solution. Bradyzoites of the NC-2 isolate were able to withstand treatment with pepsin-HCl solution.
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PMID:Infections in mice with tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa). 211 99

Granulocyte elastase (GE, EC 3.4.21.37) is a key enzyme in tissue injury. To elucidate the role of GE in tissue injury, a new method of measuring GE activity in various inflammatory tissue fluids was developed using diazotization and the chromogenic synthetic substrate, L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide (S-2482). GE activity demonstrated first order kinetics in the range from 1.9 to 30 U/l. Other proteases, such as pancreatic elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin did not hydrolyze S-2484. This assay permits the determination of GE activity with a coefficient of variance less than 7.8% and 95.6 to 105.4% recovery. With this method, hydrolytic GE activity was found to be increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with ARDS or pneumonia, synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and blister fluid from burn patients.
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PMID:A sensitive and specific assay for granulocyte elastase in inflammatory tissue fluid using L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide. 231 34

As many as 95 children staying at a clinic were examined for the proteinase-inhibitory balance of the bronchoalveolar secretion in acute pneumonia, relapsing bronchitis and chronic pneumonia in the stage of exacerbation. In all the three diseases, there was a rise of the protein content, trypsin-like activity and alpha 2-macroglobulin level. In acute pneumonia, free antitryptic activity and the level of acid-resistant inhibitors increased; in relapsing bronchitis, these parameters remained within the limit of control values, and in chronic pneumonia, they significantly reduced. The degree of inhibition of the antiproteinase potential rose as the catarrhal bronchitis progressed to the purulent pattern.
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PMID:[Changes in protease inhibitor balance of the bronchoalveolar secretion in children with inflammatory lung diseases]. 238 64


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