Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imipenem (N-Formimidoyl thienamycin) (MK-0787) is a new beta-lactam carbapenem antibiotic. When it is combined with the renal dipeptidase inhibitor cilastatin (MK-0791) the combination is known as primaxin. In this study 28 adult patients (24 males and 4 females) with acute bacterial pneumonia were treated with primaxin. Twenty-one patients were evaluable and 20 (95%) were clinically cured of their pneumonia. Bacteriological cures were demonstrated in 84% of the cases. One patient with a susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa failed. Major complications or toxic reactions included antibiotic associated diarrhoea in one patient; hypotension in one patient; increased grand mal seizures in one patient and elevated liver function studies in one patient. Results of this study suggest that primaxin will be useful in the treatment of a variety of serious Gram-positive and Gram-negative pneumonias. The true incidence of possible toxic reactions with this drug is not known at this time and awaits further experience.
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PMID:Primaxin in the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia in adults. 398 Mar 11

A case of malignant lymphoma in the skull after head injury associated with whole bone metastasis is reported. The patient was a 66-year-old man who was admitted to Almeida Memorial Hospital because of headache and general fatigue 2 months after head injury. After admission tumors appear in the frontal and occipital region and grew rapidly. Plain craniogram revealed large map-like bone destructions and multiple punched out lesions. Bone scintigram with 99mTc-MDP revealed multiple accumulations of RI in the skull, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis. CT scan revealed destructive, markedly enhancing bone tumor which was compressing the brain as an extradural mass in the left frontal and occipital regions. Pathological examination of the tumor revealed malignant lymphoma of non-Hodgkin type and diffuse pleomorphic type. Though combination chemotherapy with ACNU, FT 207, PSK, CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine and Predonisone) and Acracinomycin A was performed after operation, and brought forth regression of tumor size and improvement of clinical symptoms transiently, he died 6 months after the onset because of recurrence in many bones with pathological fracture and complications such as pneumonia, DIC and acute renal failure. At autopsy the tumors were found to be localized only in the bones, but in none of lymphnode or visceral organs. Malignant lymphoma appearing initially as a skull tumor is rare, and its diagnosis and treatment were discussed.
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PMID:[A case of malignant lymphoma in the skull after head injury associated with multiple bone tumors]. 408 41

Twenty-one hospitalized patients with infectious diseases were randomly assigned to receive either thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor or cefazolin. Infections treated included septicaemia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis and cutaneous abscesses. All eleven patients treated with thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor responded well to therapy. One of the ten patients treated with cefazolin developed a superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Side effects detected were minor in both groups.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing clinical efficacy and safety of thienamycin formamidine (MK0787)/renal dipeptidase inhibitor (MK0791) and cefazolin. 635 77

A synthetic derivative of muramoyl dipeptide, 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine [L18-MDP(A)], showed a protective effect against bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. In about half of the animals treated with the compound before infection, death from bacteraemic pneumonia produced by intratracheal inoculation of P. aeruginosa was delayed for 7 d, although all of the animals infected without prior treatment with the compound died within 4 d of infection. Multiplication of the organisms in the lung was also suppressed for at least 10 d by treatment with the compound when the animals inhaled an aerosol of P. aeruginosa. In contrast, in untreated animals the numbers of bacteria in the lung gradually increased from 10(6) to 10(9) c.f.u. g-1, and a few animals in which the organism increased to 10(9) c.f.u. g-1 had died by 6 and 10 d after infection. In both healthy and immunosuppressed animals, the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in a subcutaneous air-pouch injected with heat-killed organisms was augmented by subcutaneous treatment with L18-MDP(A) 1 d before bacterial injection. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal PMNs was also increased by treatment with this compound. The augmentation of protective mechanisms against pseudomonas pneumonia by L18-MDP(A) may be attributed at least partly to the increased chemotactic and phagocytic activity of PMNs.
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PMID:Enhancement of non-specific resistance to Pseudomonas pneumonia by a synthetic derivative of muramoyl dipeptide in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. 715 54

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC), a complication of chronic renal failure, is uncommonly diagnosed antemortem, yet may be a significant etiology of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with renal failure. The degree of respiratory distress often does not correlate with the degree of macroscopic calcification. Patients with extensive calcification may be asymptomatic, while others with subtle calcification or normal chest radiographs may have severe respiratory compromise. Additionally, the findings on chest radiographs may be confused with air-space disease, including pulmonary edema and pneumonia. Radionuclide imaging may detect MPC in the setting of normal chest radiographs, and confirm the diagnosis when there are radiographic findings of air-space disease without macroscopic calcification. We present a patient with bilateral upper lobe disease suspected to represent edema or pneumonia, proven to represent MPC on 99mTc MDP scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), CT, and later at transbronchial biopsy.
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PMID:Metastatic pulmonary calcification mimicking air-space disease. Technetium-99m-MDP SPECT imaging. 777 54

The SV-40-transformed MH-S cell line maintains some, but not all, features of primary alveolar macrophages (AMs) from BALB/c mice. We show here that MH-S cells produce inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL10 in response to challenge with Gram-positive Lactobacillus reuteri, and to TLR2 and NOD2 ligands Pam3CSK4 and MDP, respectively. In contrast, although wild-type AMs are infected in vivo by pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), no virus replication was detected in MH-S cells. Interestingly, the surface immunophenotype of MH-S cells (CD11c(+)Siglec F(-)) differs from that of wild-type AMs (CD11c(+) Siglec F(+)) and is similar to that of immature AMs isolated from granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-deleted mice; AMs from GM-CSF(-/-) mice also support PVM replication. However, MH-S cells do not express the GM-CSF receptor alpha chain (CD116) and do not respond to GM-CSF. Due to these unusual features, MH-S cells should be used with caution as experimental models of AMs.
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PMID:Immortalized MH-S cells lack defining features of primary alveolar macrophages and do not support mouse pneumovirus replication. 2691 43

Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) is a systemic fungal infection resulting from inhalation of the Coccidioides immitis or posadasii spores. In many cases, infection causes a self-limited community-acquired pneumonia; however, in patients with risk factors, such as immunosuppression or African or Pacific Island ancestry, significant morbidity and mortality from disseminated disease may occur. Presented here are comparative images using Tc-MDP bone scan, F-FDG PET/CT, and MRI. Each demonstrates particular strengths, which aid in assessing the extent of systemic involvement of a biopsy-proven case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.
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PMID:Bone Scan, PET-CT, and MRI in Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis. 2816 46