Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied clinical effects of meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem beta-lactam drug, and following results were obtained. The patients were administered with 16-20 mg/kg of MEPM every 8 hours using 1 hour drip infusion. 1. Clinical effects of MEPM were studied in 10 children with various infectious diseases: 1 with acute bronchitis, and 2 each with acute tonsillitis, acute bronchopneumonia, acute pneumonia, acute urinary infection, and 1 with pertussis pneumonia. The case of pertussis pneumonia later developed bronchiolitis obliterans, hence a steroid and gamma-globulin were used. This case was excluded from the clinical evaluation. The efficacy rate was 100% (9/9), and the bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (6/6). 2. No side effects were noted. Clinical laboratory test values were investigated in 10 patients. There was a case of abnormal laboratory test findings with mild elevations of liver functions such as GOT, GPT, and gamma-GTP. These abnormalities disappeared in 1 week after the end of therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical study on meropenem in pediatric field]. 152 76

We have carried out clinical studies on meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), the results are summarized as follows. Treatment with MEPM was made in 13 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 9 cases of pneumonia and 2 cases of colitis and 1 case each of purulent tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Results obtained were excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed in any cases, except in 1 case each of eosinophilia, elevated gamma-GTP, elevated total bilirubin and elevated GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of meropenem in pediatric field]. 152 80

We studied, in a prospective way, the characteristics of definitively diagnosed nosocomially acquired pneumonias in our hospital over 36 months. Out of 55 cases, 27 were due to Legionella pneumophila and 28 to other, non-Legionella bacteria. The cases of legionellosis concentrated in July, August, and December. The only risk factors that showed significant differences (p less than 0.05) were general anesthesia and surgery and immunosuppressive disease, which were more frequent in the non-Legionella group, as were chronic liver disease and lowering of consciousness level. The absence of severe underlying disease, chronic or not, was uncommon in both groups, but more frequent in the Legionella group. We observed no differences in the clinical features of the two groups. Mean values of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and total bilirubin were higher (p less than 0.05) in the non-Legionella group. The only x-ray data that showed significant difference were pleural effusion, more frequent in the non-Legionella group (p less than 0.02). The mortality rate of legionellosis was 14.6 percent compared to 35.7 percent for the non-Legionella group (p less than 0.05). We conclude that a sure differential diagnosis based on clinical, roentgenographic and analytical features of both groups is not possible. The relatively low mortality rate of the Legionella group, when compared to other series of nosocomial legionellosis, could be due to the standard use of erythromycin in the therapeutic approach to nosocomial-acquired pneumonia in our hospital.
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PMID:Comparative study of Legionella pneumophila and other nosocomial-acquired pneumonias. 198 93

Fluconazole, a novel triazole antifungal agent, was given orally or intravenously to 10 patients with pulmonary mycosis (7 patients with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis and 3 with pulmonary aspergillosis). Routes of administration were changed in some patients depending on their condition. Two patients from whom foci was removed by surgical operations were excluded from the efficacy assessment. Clinical efficacies in the remaining 8 patients were good in 2 cases and fair in 3 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis; excellent in 1 case of pneumonia due to Aspergillus; and fair in 1 case and poor in the other case of pulmonary aspergilloma. Side reactions developed in 9 patients who received intravenous drip infusion were nausea or loss of appetite in 3 patients, fever and/or feverish sensation in 3, vascular pain in 1 and diarrhea and eruption in 1. In the patient who reported fever the drug was discontinued and in the patient who complained of pain at the site of injection, dosing was changed to the oral route but was discontinued due to elevated GOT, GPT, Al-P and gamma-GTP. Seven patients who received the drug orally did not report side effects except 2 patients. None of these side effects reported was serious and from the above results, fluconazole was considered to be a useful agent for the treatment of pulmonary mycosis.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of fluconazole in the patient with pulmonary mycosis]. 254 Mar 59

Cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antimicrobial activities Antimicrobial activities of CDZM against clinically isolated organisms were determined. MICs of CDZM against 1 strain each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.05 micrograms/ml to 0.10 micrograms/ml. Especially, MIC against all 6 strains of Haemophilus influenzae was less than or equal to 0.024 micrograms/ml. This MIC value was lower than those of other antibiotics such as cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefazolin, piperacillin. 2. Pharmacokinetics CDZM was given to 1 case at a dose of 20 mg/kg by a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion. The peak value of serum concentration of CDZM was 207.80 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-life was 2.15 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 68.5% in the first 4 hours, 79.2% in 6 hours and 76.5% in 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion. 3. Clinical efficacy CDZM was given to a total of 27 patients, 13 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 2 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with purulent tonsillitis, 5 with urinary tract infection, 1 each with retrograde cholangitis, acute enteritis, pericementitis, phlegmon and inguinal lymphadenitis. Overall clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 cases, good in 17 and the efficacy rate was 81%. Bacteriological effects were investigated in 13 cases and the eradication rate was 85%. No adverse reactions were observed in any case. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevated GOT, GPT, A1-P, LAP and gamma-GTP, were noted in 1 out of the 28 cases examined.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 60

Serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alpha-amylase clearance were determined in a total group of 90 patients of whom 60 with renal diseases and 30 with extrarenal diseases. The renal patients were distributed, according to diagnosis in the following groups: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and manifest chronic renal failure. The 30 controls were hospitalized for different extrarenal diseases such as: pneumonia, gastroduodenal ulcer, arterial hypertension stage I and angina pectoris. Serum GGTP assay was performed in 60 patients (40 renal patients and 20 controls) using Boehringer monotest kits and in 30 patients (20 renal patients and 10 controls) using Romanian kits (I.C.C.F.). No changes suggesting a particular type of nephropathy were observed. The results obtained by using the two types of kits for the serum GGTP assay have proved to be very close. Alpha-amylase clearance was determined in all the patients with Spofa (R.S.C.) tablets concomitantly with the urea and creatinine clearance. Important decreases of alpha-amylase clearance in concordance with decreases of urea and creatinine clearances were observed in all the patients with severe renal failure. More moderate decreases of alpha-amylase clearance were observed in the patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The utility of this clearance as a test of glomerular filtration and sometimes as a prognostic test, is discussed.
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PMID:Preliminary clinical and methodologic observations on the determination of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and of the alpha-amylase clearance in nephropathies. 286 37

To clarify the reliability of urinary trehalase activity as a marker of cellular proliferation and/or damage of renal proximal tubules, the activity was examined in healthy newborn infants or infants treated with tobramycin, a drug known as causing tubular cell damage. Eighty-one newborn infants (56 mature infants and 25 premature infants) were enrolled in the study. Urinary trehalase was examined using a spot urine sample during the first 7 days of age and on the 10th day of age. A good positive correlation was observed between urinary trehalase activity/creatinine ratio (T/Cr) on the 10th day of age and conceptional age or body weight (n = 46, r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Urinary trehalase of 29 healthy mature infants was higher during the first few days of age, after which it decreased to an almost steady level. Urinary trehalase of 6 premature infants during the first few days of age was significantly lower than that of mature infants, after which it increased and became equal to that of the mature infants on the 7th day of age. Treatment with ampicillin (100 mg/kg) and tobramycin (5 mg/kg) of 6 mature infants with pneumonia for 6 days resulted in a significant elevation of the urinary T/Cr. The extent of this elevation was greater than that of the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity/creatinine ratio (NAG/Cr). A significant correlation was observed between the urinary T/Cr and the urinary NAG/Cr (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/creatinine ratio (r = 0.48, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary trehalase activity is a useful marker of renal proximal tubular damage in newborn infants. 747 50

A 69-year-old Japanese female was admitted because of general fatigue. Laboratory data showed elevation of serum total bilirubin, transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatinine levels. An immunological study revealed hypergammaglobulinemia, low titer of complement, and high titers of antinuclear antibody, anti-DNA antibody, and circulating immune complexes. Antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 were positive. Histology of the liver disclosed numerous giant cell hepatocyte transformations with the lobular architecture being slightly distorted by portal inflammation and fibrosis. These findings led us to make a diagnosis of giant cell hepatitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Prednisolone was effective in improving the anemia and the serum immunoglobulin, immune complex, and antinuclear antibody levels. The addition of cyclosporine to the initial corticosteroid therapy was also beneficial in decreasing the transaminase level and in improving liver histology. The patient died of acute pneumonitis and renal failure on the 166th day after admission. Parainfluenza virus 3 and autoimmune mechanisms were thus considered to be the causes of the giant cell hepatitis.
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PMID:Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in an elderly female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 806 7

We conducted fundamental and clinical evaluations of a cephem antibiotic, cefozopran (SCE-2787, CZOP), in infants with low birth weights and mature infants. (1) Blood concentrations CZOP was intravenously given in bolus dose of 20 mg/kg to the newborn. The blood antibiotic concentrations were 69.7 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after administration and the elimination half life was 2.99 hours in mature infants aged 1 to 3 days. They were 38.7 micrograms/ml and 2.85 hours in those aged 4 to 7 days, and 40.8 micrograms/ml and 3.81 hours in those aged 8 days or elder, respectively. In infants with lower birth weights aged 4 to 7 days the blood antibiotic concentrations were 48.6 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after i.v. administration and the elimination half life was 3.77 hours. The blood antibiotic concentrations at 30 minutes after intravenous doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg in mature infants aged 8 days or elder were 21.1, 40.8 and 153.6 micrograms/ml (value at 60 minutes) and the elimination half lives were 2.24, 3.81 and 3.07 hours, respectively. Administration of CZOP at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes gave the blood drug concentrations of 48.0 and 103.2 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion and the half lives were 2.60 and 3.33 hours, respectively. (2) Urinary excretion The urinary excretion rates after i.v. bolus doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 28.4 to 58.6% of dose. The urinary excretion rate after i.v. drip infusion of 40 mg/kg over 30 minutes was 49.0% of dose. (3) Transfer into cereblospinal fluid The transfer of the antibiotic into cereblospinal fluid in patients with serous meningitis was 4.1 to 15.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hours after administration. (4) Clinical results The clinical efficacy was judged "good" or "excellent" in 2 of the 3 patients with septicemia and in all of the 10 patients with suspected septicemia. It was judged "excellent" in all of the 9 patients with pneumonia, 3 with urinary tract infections and 3 with intrauterine infections. Prophylactic use of the antibiotic was effective in all of the 12 patients. Of the patients in whom bacteriological evaluation was successful, 7 of the 10 causative organisms were confirmed to be eradicated. No adverse drug reactions of signs and symptoms were recognized. Fourteen abnormal alterations of the laboratory test values such as elevation of gamma-GTP and that of GPT were recognized in 8 patients (16.7%). None of them were particularly serious. These results indicate that CZOP is a drug useful for treatment and prevention of infections in infants with lower birth weights as well as in mature infants.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluation of cefozopran in low birth weight infants and neonates]. 954 69

The clinical usefulness of injectable biapenem (BIPM) was examined for various infectious diseases in the fields of internal medicine, urology, surgery, orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, dermatology, oral surgery, and plastic surgery. BIPM was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 150, 300, or 600 mg twice a day. The concentrations in various body fluid and tissues were also examined. 1. In the total enrollment of 256 cases, the numbers subjected to the analyses for clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy, side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were 214, 170, 252 and 251 cases, respectively. 2. The clinical efficacy rate was 85.5% (183/214 cases) as a whole, being 2/2 for sepsis, 6/8 for cellulitis and lymphangitis, 76.2% (16/21) for traumatic, operative wound and burn infections, 4/6 for osteomyelitis and arthritis, 92.9% (13/14) for peritonsillar abscess and peritonsillitis, 83.3% (15/18) for chronic lower respiratory tract infection, 7/7 for pneumonia, 83.3% (30/36) for complicated urinary tract infection, 100% (14/14) for cholecystitis and cholangitis, 88.2% (15/17) for peritonitis, 86.5% (32/37) for internal genital infection, 8/9 for pelvic peritonitis, 2/4 for corneal ulcer, orbital infection and panophthalmitis, 1/2 for otitis media, 4/4 for sinustitis, 93.3% (14/15) for osteitis of jaw and cellulitis of mouth floor. The efficacy rate in the poor responders to the pretreatment by other antibiotics was 86.4% (70/81). 3. 300 strains of causative organisms were isolated from 170 cases which contained polymicrobial infections. The elimination rate of causative organisms was 85.3% (256/300 strains), in terms of bacteriological efficacy. 4. Side effects were noted in 11 of 252 cases (4.4%) with 11 events. The signs and symptoms were the skin symptoms (5 cases), gastro-intestinal symptoms (3 cases), interstitial pneumonia (2 cases), and feeling bad (1 case), all of which disappeared during treatment or after the discontinuation of treatment. The abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 31 of 251 cases (12.4%) with 50 events, and major ones were an increase in eosinophils, and elevations of AST, ALT, gamma-GTP and Al-p. 5. The concentrations of BIPM in body fluid and tissues were determined in 46 cases (212 samples) most of which were administered 300 mg of BIPM by intravenous drip infusion for 60 minutes. The concentrations in the sputum within 6 hours after administration were 0.1-2.5 micrograms/g. The maximum concentrations in body fluid and tissues were 0.2-1.8 micrograms/g or ml in the bile, middle ear mucosa, tonsillar tissue, aqueous humor and bone tissues and were 2.0-5.7 micrograms/g or ml in the gallbladder, maxillary sinus mucous membrane, ethmoidal sinus mucous membrane, oral tissues, skin, woman genitals, synovia, joint tissue, and the eschar. The concentrations in the uterine arterial plasma and retroperitoneal fluid were almost similar to those in the cubitl vein plasma. From the above-mentioned results of clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy, and safety, injectable BIPM was confirmed to be useful in the treatment of moderate, severe and/or refractory infections in various fields.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of biapenem in various infectious diseases]. 1065 41


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