Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy five patients with respiratory infections, including 40 cases of acute pneumonia, 33 cases of secondary infection after chronic pulmonary diseases and 2 cases of pulmonary abscess, were treated with cefotetan (CTT, Yamatetan) by drip infusion in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy. The overall rate of effectiveness was 83.8%. CTT was examined comparatively with other beta-lactam antibiotics for antibacterial activity on clinically isolated strains of 3 major respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of CTT on H. influenzae were less than 3.13 micrograms/ml regardless of the production of beta-lactamase by these organisms. As to B. catarrhalis, CTT also exerted an antibacterial activity enough to control the proliferation of all the strains at a level of 1.56 micrograms/ml. Against S. pneumoniae, on the other hand, CTT exhibited the lowest activity of all the drugs tested but still showed MIC's of 3.13 micrograms/ml or less. Drip infusion of CTT at a dose of 2 g brought about an average maximum blood concentration of 342 +/- 25.7 micrograms/ml and an average half-life in blood of 2.48 +/- 0.41 hours Maximum sputum concentration of the drug, however, was variable among the cases tested, ranging from 0.40 to 1.80 micrograms/ml. Side effects of the drug were observed in 5 cases or 6.7%. Four of them had some allergic symptoms; i.e., pyrexia and eruption. One patient was especially diagnosed as possible drug-induced interstitial pneumonia during the treatment with the drug. The diagnosis was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy and lymphocyte blastogenesis by CTT in vitro. As to abnormal laboratory findings, blood transaminases were elevated during drug administration in 13 cases or 17.3%, but were reduced back to the normal level after the withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefotetan in respiratory tract infections]. 304 35

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most frequent causative agents of community acquired pneumoniae, meningitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and otitis media both in children and adults. Conventional laboratory methods may sometimes fail to identify S. pneumoniae. The aims of this study were i) to compare the conventional methods and molecular methods which detected pneumococcal surface antigen A (psaA) and autolysin (lytA) genes; ii) to determine the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory samples. Randomly chosen 62 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from respiratory samples of patients with clinically proven pneumococcal pneumonia (age range: 1-79 years) between years 2000-2006, were included in the study. Classical microbiological analysis for the isolates included Gram staining, optochin sensitivity test performed in 5% CO2 and ambient air and bile solubility test. Capsular serotyping was performed by using latex particles sensitized with mono-specific typing sera (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark). Quellung reaction (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark) was used for serotyping the isolates that gave equivocal results using latex agglutination. Pneumococcal surface antigen A and autolysin genes were detected by in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using psaA1 (5'-CTT TCT GCA ATC ATT CTT G), psaA2 (5'-GCC TTC TTT ACC TTG TTC TGC), lytAF (5'-ACG CAA TCT AGC AGA TGA AGC) and lytAR (5'-TGT TTG GTT GGT TAT TCG TGC) primers. Twenty six different serotypes were detected in 62 S. pneumoniae isolates. The most prevalent capsule serotype was 14 (n= 6), followed by 19A (n= 5). Four isolates could not be typed by the available antisera. All the isolates were optochin sensitive with or without carbondioxide incubation and were bile soluble. All the isolates included in the study have harboured (100%) psaA and lytA genes. No difference was found between the classical and molecular methods for the identification of S. pneumoniae isolates. In conclusion, detection of psaA and/or lytA genes by molecular methods is of value especially in "nonserotypeable strains" when they are performed with conventional methods in clinically proven S. pneumoniae isolates.
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PMID:[Value of demonstration of pneumococcal surface antigen A and autolysin genes for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates]. 1933 75