Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We experienced a case of a 68-year-old female with beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillin G (PCG) resistant pneumococcal pneumonia, leading to death during the treatment with ceftizoxime (CZX). We reported the clinical course and the mechanism of resistance of isolated bacteria. The present case is the first in Japan. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pneumoniae 88031 isolated from the present case was 1.56 micrograms/ml in PCG and 6.25 micrograms/ml in CZX, showing PCG resistance. The isolate was no beta-lactamase production and serotype 23. The drug susceptibility in 34 strains of S. pneumoniae which were isolated as causative organism of respiratory infection in our department in 1988 was studied. PCG high resistant strain (PCG MIC greater than 1.56 micrograms/ml) was only observed in the isolated strain in the present case and PCG low sensitive strains (PCG MIC = 0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml) were observed in 3 strains (8.8%). The CZX resistance was observed only in the present case. The detection of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and binding affinity of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied using PCG sensitive strain, S. pneumoniae type I (preserved strain PCG MIC = 0.05 micrograms/ml, CZX MIC = 0.1 micrograms/ml, CMX MIC = 0.025 micrograms/ml) and PCG resistant strain, S. pneumoniae 88031. The result obtained showed that PBP1a, detected in sensitive strain type I, was not detected in resistant strain 88031 and PBP1b was increased. The binding of 14C-PCG of PCG resistant strain to PBP1b showed lower affinity for CZX and CMX than PCG sensitive strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and penicillin-binding proteins of the clinical isolates]. 162 45

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders]. 346 75

Cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was administered by drip infusion to 65 patients with various respiratory infections and its effect was evaluated. The rate of effectiveness was 86.2% in all cases including 40 cases of acute pneumonia and 12 cases of chronic bronchitis. CMX was examined comparatively with other drugs for antibacterial activity on clinically isolated strains of 2 bacterial species, i.e. H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis, each of which has a high frequency of clinical isolation from infected respiratory organs. On H. influenzae CMX exerted the strongest antibacterial activity among test drugs (ampicillin, piperacillin cefoperazone, latamoxef) regardless of the production of beta-lactamase by the organism, while on B. catarrhalis it also exerted an antibacterial activity strong enough to control the proliferation of all strains at a dose level of 0.39 microgram/ml. Drip infusion of this drug (2 gram) brought about an average maximum blood concentration of 127.2 +/- 21.5 micrograms/ml and an average half-life in blood of 1.10 +/- 0.28 hours. However, different values were obtained for different individual cases because these subjects were patients of chronic respiratory infections each having some underlying disease or other. Side effects of the drug were observed as allergic symptoms such as pyrexia, eruption and the like, but only 5 cases without any serious cases. Increases in transaminase suggestive of abnormal clinical test results were also observed in 5 cases. However, numerical recoveries to the normal values were obtained in all of these 5 cases with the withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in respiratory tract infections]. 346 21

Therapeutic effects on cefmenoxime hemihydrochloride (CMX, Bestcall), a new synthetic cephem antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various infections complicated with hematological diseases. The number of patients treated with CMX was 37 including 5 cases of sepsis or suspected sepsis, 14 cases of pneumonia or suspected pneumonia, 5 cases of upper respiratory diseases, 2 cases of urinary tract infections and 11 cases of other infections. All of these infections were complicated with hematological diseases: Acute leukemia, 13 cases; chronic myelocytic leukemia, 1 case; adult T cell leukemia, 3 cases; malignant lymphoma, 8 cases; Hodgkin's disease, 2 cases and myeloma, 3 cases. CMX were administered by a single intravenous injection or by a drip infusion. The dose was between 2 and 6 grams per day. Good to excellent clinical results were obtained in 25 out of 37 cases, total effective rate of 67.6%. No clinical side effects or abnormal laboratory findings attributable to CMX were observed except for light diarrhea in 2 cases. By the clinical investigation, it was demonstrated that CMX was one of safe and effective antibiotics for treating infections in the compromised hosts complicated with hematological diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation of the therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime in the treatment of infections complicated by hematological diseases]. 348 22

Two to 6 g of CMX was administered daily to 9 patients who were admitted to ICU, i.e. 5 cases with pneumonia and 4 with sepsis. In all cases, CMX was administered concomitantly with aminoglycoside which had been administered, and additional administration of other antibiotics was avoided. Bacteriologically, P. aeruginosa was isolated from 4 cases, K. pneumoniae from 4 cases, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis and P. cepacia respectively from 1 case. The CMX treatment was considered effective in 4 of 5 pneumonia cases and in 3 of 4 sepsis cases. In total, 7 of 9 cases responded effectively. The clinical effective rate was 77.8%. Elevation of GOT and GPT values was noticed in 1 case, however, the causality with CMX administration was unclear.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefmenoxime in the intensive care unit]. 629 78

Between mid-October to mid-November 1992, of 500 freely-ranging Formosan and striped squirrels kept at Garden Y in the suburbs of Kanagawa Prefecture, 414 (82.8%) suddenly died one after another by bleeding from the nasal and oral cavities after developing a mild facial swelling. Isolation of microbes including viruses were carried out from the Formosan squirrels that had suddenly died. Various organs from these animals were histologically examined. 1. In bacteriological tests, beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains were isolated in a pure culture from 5 (83.3%) of 6 Formosan squirrels that had died suddenly. By serological analysis, 14 isolated strains were serotyped as group C according to the classification of Lancefield. From their biochemical characteristics, these were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. A drug sensitivity test revealed that ABPC, PCG, SBPC, CMX and CPZ are highly sensitive against the isolates. 2. In the virological test, the viral isolation was applied for three blind passages by primary cultured kidney cells of Formosan squirrels, but no evidence of CPE was obtained. 3. At autopsy, a pathological change was detected mainly in the lungs. Histopathological examinations revealed severe hypertrophic changes of the alveolar wall in the entire pulmonary lobe. Severe congestion, hemorrhagic pneumonia, neutrophils and macrophages infiltration were observed in the hypertrophic alveolar wall. In the other cases, thrombi were observed in the branches of the pulmonary artery. Other organs demonstrated no remarkable histopathological changes. 4. Streptococcal strains were not isolated from the pharynx in all of the employees working at this garden.
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PMID:[Studies on hemolytic streptococcal infection: 1). Outbreak of group C hemolytic streptococcal infection in Formosan squirrels]. 829 64