Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transfer to cerebrospinal fluid of a new oxacephem antibiotic flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections were investigated. 1. In 3 cases of purulent meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of FMOX after one shot intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg during the acute stage of infections were 5.12-6.32 micrograms/ml and ratios of FMOX in cerebrospinal fluid in serum were about 5%. During the recovery stage, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were about 3.8 micrograms/ml and cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratios were about 3.5%. 2. In 1 case of purulent meningitis, the treatment with FMOX was clinically effective but this case was classified as "unevaluable" because other drug was used concomitantly. FMOX was rated effective in other 2 cases of purulent meningitis. Of 9 cases of pneumonia, FMOX was rated very effective in 8 cases and it was rated only effective in the other. Of 4 cases of bronchitis, the drug was rated very effective in 3 cases and only effective in the other. FMOX was rated very effective against 2 cases of tonsillitis, also. 3. As side effects, thrombocytosis was observed in 3 of 20 cases examined. All cases, however, were deemed unrelated to the FMOX treatment and the side effect was only transient as are often found in courses of recovery from infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 343 Jul 23

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new intravenous cephem antibiotics, was administered to a total of 11 cases with their ages ranging from 7 years and 4 months to 10 years and 10 months. Among them, two were administered with (FMOX at) a dose level of 10 mg/kg, three each with 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg using one shot intravenous injection, and the remaining 3 with 40 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes. Plasma concentrations, urine concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined. The clinical efficacy of FMOX was evaluated in 2 cases with tonsillitis, 45 with acute pneumonia, 10 with urinary tract infections, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis, and 2 with abscess, a total of 61 cases. Of these cases, one case of pneumonia in which a side effect occurred was excluded from the evaluation because the treatment was interrupted short of the required period. In the remaining 60 cases, the mean daily dose was 79.3 mg/kg in 3 or 4 divided doses and, except one case treated by 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, all cases were treated by one shot intravenous injection for a mean period of 6 days. Bacteriological effects of FMOX, its side effects and influences on laboratory test values were also investigated. 1. Maximum plasma concentrations after one shot intravenous injections of FMOX occurred at 5 minutes after administration regardless of dose levels (10 mg/kg in 2 cases, 20 mg/kg in 3 and 40 mg/kg in 3). Mean peak values obtained upon the 3 different dose levels were 62.5, 103.1 and 244.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean plasma half-lives were 0.670, 0.915 and 0.595 hour, and mean AUCs were 33.0, 65.2 and 133.1 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Thus, a positive dose-response relationship was found among the 3 doses. 2. Plasma concentrations after 30-minute intravenous drip infusions of FMOX at 40 mg/kg always reached a peak at 30 minutes after the initiation of infusion, i.e. at the completion of infusion, and the mean value for 3 administrations was 151.0 micrograms/ml. The mean half-life was 0.973 hour and the mean AUC was 149.1 micrograms.hr/ml. 3. Maximum concentrations in urine after one shot intravenous injections of FMOX were always obtained in 0 approximately 2 hours after administration regardless of dose levels (10 mg/kg, 2 cases, 20 mg/kg, 3 cases and at 40 mg/kg, 3 cases) and mean values for the 3 dose levels were 2,570, 4,410 and 6,290 micrograms/ml, respectively. Thus, urine concentrations were also dose-dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 27

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) is a new antibiotic of oxacephem group with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Seven patients were treated by intravenous instillation of 1 g of FMOX twice daily. Seven-day treatment with FMOX was ineffective against chronic bronchitis caused by Escherichia coli in a patient who had received an operation for esophageal cancer 6 years previously. Seven-day treatment with FMOX was effective against acute pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with lung cancer. Nine-day treatment with FMOX was effective against pulmonary suppuration caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a patient with lung cancer. Six-day and 7-day treatment with FMOX were excellently or moderately effective against suspected obstructive pneumonia in 2 patients with lung cancer. Five-day and 6-day treatment with FMOX were ineffective against fever of unknown origins in 2 patients with lung cancer. Overall, FMOX was effective in 4 of the 7 patients evaluated.
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PMID:[Investigation of clinical effect of flomoxef]. 344 16

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) was administered to 22 patients with respiratory tract infections. The patients consisted of 13 patients with pneumonia, 7 with bronchitis, 1 with bronchiectasis and 1 with pyothorax. The drug was administered by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion twice a day with doses of 1 to 2 g and total doses ranged from 17 to 64 g. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical responses to the therapy were excellent in 1 case, good in 10 cases, fair in 4 cases, poor in 4 cases and not determined in 3 cases. Efficacy ratio was 57.9%. 2. As for adverse reactions, exanthema in 1 patient and stomatitis and numbness of tongue in another patient were observed, but these symptoms improved with cessation of the therapy. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 5 cases. From these results it appears that FMOX is a valuable antimicrobial agent against patients with respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Flomoxef treatment of patients with respiratory tract infections]. 344 18

Clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and safety of a new antibiotic flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) in respiratory infections were studied. Efficacy of FMOX in 6 patients with infectious diseases including 2 cases with pneumonia, 3 cases with acute exacerbation by respiratory infection, 1 case with obstructive pneumonia were clinically evaluated. Two strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus which were detected as causative organisms in 2 cases disappeared or decreased after treatment with FMOX. Assessing both clinical and bacteriological findings, effects of FMOX were good in 5 cases and fair in 1 case. No adverse effects were observed in clinical or laboratory findings. Consequently, FMOX is considered to be a very useful antibiotic in the treatment for respiratory infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on flomoxef in respiratory infection]. 344 20

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) is a new oxacephem with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. We used FMOX for treatment of 13 patients with respiratory tract infections including 4 cases of pneumonia, 5 of lung abscess and 4 of exacerbation of the chronic airway diseases. FMOX showed excellent in vitro antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates including 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and each one strain of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinical responses were excellent in 3 cases, good in 7 and fair or poor in 3. No side effect was observed, but abnormal laboratory findings caused by FMOX administration were found in 2 cases; hypertransaminasemia and eosinophilia. However, neither of them was severe. From the above results, it is considered that FMOX will be useful for treatment of patients with respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on flomoxef in respiratory tract infections]. 344 21

The current state of causative bacteria in infectious diseases and the trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents were mentioned. The commonest micro-organisms isolated from the blood and intravascular catheter tips were CNS, S. aureus and C. albicans. Significant urine culture isolates were E. coli and other enterobacteriaceae in uncomplicated UTI, and Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in complicated UTI with a urinary catheter. In respiratory tract infections (RTIs), H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, were common causative organisms. Community-acquired pneumonia was mainly caused by H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis. In common with hospital-acquired pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and enterobacteriaceae were the frequent microorganisms isolated. In anaerobic infections, the most common micro-organisms were B. fragilis and other B. fragilis group isolated from intra-abdominal focus of post operative patients. The trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of common bacteria over a period of 5 years (1988-1992) have been monitored. The proportion of isolates of S. aureus resistant to CEZ, CMZ, FMOX, IPM or MINO has increased. There was no trend towards increased resistance among isolates of P. aeruginosa except for CBPC. The incidence of resistance to PCG, ABPC, EM and LMOX increased in isolates of S. pneumoniae and that of resistance to PIPC, CMZ, LMOX and IPM increased in those of B. fragilis group.
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PMID:[Current state of causative bacteria in infections diseases and trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents]. 812 76

An epidemiological investigation for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia (PRSP) was performed at 18 medical institutes in Kinki area by the questionnaire from Kinki Infection Working Group 1995. This investigation was the first report that was performed for a long term (one year) and a large area. The most frequent specimen was sputum from out-patients (50.3%) and inpatients (48.8%), and especially from spinal fluid of 3 cases were detected. Polymicrobial infection with more than 3 pathogens was 15.7%, and it was more frequent than MRSA previously investigated. Simultaneous pathogens detected with PRSP were Candida species, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. In terms of chemosusceptibility, VCM (100%), FMOX (97.9%), IPM/CS (85.9%), CEZ (93.4%) and CDTR-PI were determined to be high by sensitive. However, the sensitivity of CCL, which was one of the most common antibiotics, was only 37.7%.
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PMID:[An epidemiological investigation for gram-positive coccus, especially PRSP, in Kinki area]. 933 24

A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of acute respiratory failure accompanied by high fever and severe cough. He had started smoking about 3 weeks earlier and had gradually increased the number of cigarettes he smoked each day. After the number of cigarettes reached 10 per day, the patient experienced cough with serous sputum, high fever (38 degrees C) and dyspnea. Chest X-ray films revealed diffuse, peripheral shadows predominantly in the right lung. The patient was treated with an intravenous drip infusion of antibiotics (FMOX). On the second day of hospitalization, the dyspnea and chest X-ray shadows rapidly resolved. Although the cause of respiratory failure and diffuse shadows on chest X-ray films remained unclear, the patient was discharged. However, on the day of discharge, he smoked cigarettes and experienced cough with serous sputum for a few hours the following morning. He was readmitted for evaluation. We previously reported a case of smoking-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). We suspected that the present case was AEP induced by cigarette smoking but did not perform bronchoalveolar lavage or transbronchial lung biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. Although we did perform a provocation test, the patient demonstrated no respiratory symptoms without cough and respiratory failure. Blood gas analysis and pulmonary function tests also revealed no abnormalities. However, the eosinophil count (3066/mu/l) and percentage (42%) in peripheral blood increased after the patient resumed cigarette smoking, and returned to normal ranges after smoking cessation. These results pointed to a correlation between cigarette smoking and eosinophilia. This case suggested that in some patients, AEP may be induced by cigarette smoking, but does not recur after the resumption of smoking.
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PMID:[Eosinophilia and cough induced by resumption of cigarette smoking in a beginning smoker recovering from acute respiratory failure]. 1048 60

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
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PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20


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