Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Efficiency of ceftriaxone (Rocephin Hoffman Laroche) was assessed in 16 children aged between 3 and 14 years and in 4 adults aged between 17 and 70 years with severe infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts caused by E. coli. S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis or enterococci. Pyelonephritis as a sole pathology was diagnosed in 10 patients whereas in further 8 patients it complicated other diseases (nephrotic syndrome, hepatitis, cholangitis, leukemia). Pneumonia complicated nephritis leukemia or lymphoma in 8 children. Peritonitis was diagnosed in 1 adult patient. Ceftriaxone was given in a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg to all children and 2.0 g to adult patients for 7-10 days. No adverse reactions were noted. Clinical improvement was achieved in all treated patients. Cultures became negative in 17 cases after the treatment. Significant bacteremia caused by P. aeruginosa persisted in 2 patients and by E. coli in 1 patient. No toxic effects on liver, renal, pancreatic and bone marrow functioning were seen. Ceftriaxone may be safely and efficiently used for the treatment of the urinary and respiratory infections.
 ...
PMID:[Use of ceftriaxone in urinary and respiratory tract infections]. 223 13

Sixty-two episodes of bacterial infection were studied in 51 cirrhotic patients. 2 g of ceftriaxone (active ingredient of Rocephin) were given intravenously once daily for 7-10 days. The infections were pneumonia, bacteremia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary infection and others. Good responses were seen in 90% of the cases.
 ...
PMID:Use of ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients. 261 36

Two different forms of cephalosporin prophylaxis were investigated in a prospective randomized comparative study: a one-day cefazoline prophylaxis (Kefzol 0.5 g every six hours) and a single dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin 2 g). A total of 541 patients were included in the study over 10 months: 272 in the cefazoline (CFZ) group and 269 in the ceftriaxone (CRO) group. The patients were checked postoperatively for an infection. The total rate of infections was 4.7%; 4.6% in the CFZ group and 4.8% in the CRO group. A wound infection occurred in 1.1% of the cases, in 0.4% of the CFZ group and in 1.8% of the CRO group. Septicemia was diagnosed in 1.5% of the operated patients; in 1.2% of the patients treated with CFZ and in 1.8% of the patients treated with CRO. 1.3% of the patients developed pneumonia, 1.8% in the CFZ and 0.8% in the CRO group. Only one patient had a urinary tract infection (CFZ group). Furthermore, two double infections occurred in the CFZ group. A double infection was observed only once in the CRO group. Fever of unclear etiology developed in 3.6% of the patients in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the rate of infection between the two groups. A single administration of ceftriaxone prophylaxis is accordingly just as effective as a one-day cefazoline prophylaxis. Despite reduction of the antibiotic application, the rate of infection has not risen in the last five years. The single application is advantageous compared to longer-term applications.
 ...
PMID:[Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in heart and vascular surgery. A prospective randomized comparative study with cefazolin and ceftriaxone]. 354 70

In a randomized, prospective study a 2-day course of cefuroxime prophylaxis (Zinacef, 1.5g every 12 h) was compared with 2-day ceftriaxone prophylaxis (Rocephin, 2g i.v. plus 1g i.v. after 24 h). To date 512 patients undergoing cardiac (n = 418) and major vascular surgery (n = 94) entered the study: 258 in the cefuroxime and 254 in the ceftriaxone group. The one-month lethality rate was 1.0%. The total infection rate was 4.7% (12 patients in the cefuroxime and 12 in the cefuroxime group. Septicaemia occurred in 1-4% (cefuroxime n = 4; ceftriaxone n = 3); pneumonia in 2% (5 vs 5 patients). One patient developed diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile. Plasma concentrations of ceftriaxone were measured (HPLC method) over the first 24 h in 110 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Plasma concentrations 24 h post-injection were 25.4 +/- 12.7 micrograms/ml. Prophylaxis with either cefuroxime or ceftriaxone was highly effective. The mean plasma levels of ceftriaxone achieved are far in excess of the MICs for the microorganisms commonly associated with infection following cardiovascular surgery, with the exception of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas. A single dose of ceftriaxone should therefore provide adequate prophylaxis for most patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery.
 ...
PMID:Cefuroxime versus ceftriaxone prophylaxis in cardiovascular surgery. 391 87

The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was studied in 14 children receiving a dose of 10, 20 mg/kg or 1 g as a intravenous bolus. The mean half-lives of CTRX were 4.5, 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 5.2 +/- 0.7 hours, respectively, while the urinary recovery rates up to 12 hours were 51.7, 48.6 and 48.9%. Forty-one patients, aged 2 months to 10 years, were treated with an intravenous dosage of 10 to 58 mg/kg CTRX every 12 hours for 2 to 29 days. The diseases consisted of upper respiratory tract infections (4), bronchitis (7), pneumonia (18), pyothorax (2), urinary tract infections (4), pertussis (4), meningitis (1) and endocarditis (1). Clinical cures were achieved in 38 cases, overall clinical response rate being 92.7%. No serious side effects were observed, although mild diarrhea was seen in 2 cases.
 ...
PMID:[Ceftriaxone therapy for pediatric infections]. 609 95

Clinical studies on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) were carried out and the results were as follows: Twelve patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 1, pneumonia 6, urinary tract infection 5) were treated with CTRX, in doses of 21-48 mg/kg divided 2 times per day for 3.5-8 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. No adverse reactions were observed. No abnormal laboratory data were noted.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. 609 96

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was evaluated in 20 children with a suspicion of bacterial infections, 18 were shown to be effective (efficacy rate, 90%). The diagnosis included upper respiratory tract infection (3), bronchitis (3), pneumonia (8) and urinary tract infection (6). The etiologic pathogens isolated were S. pneumoniae (1), and enteropathogenic E. coli (6). These strains were eradicated after treatment. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CTRX therapy. The data suggest that CTRX is an effective and safe parenteral antibiotic in the treatment of susceptible pediatric bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in pediatric infections]. 609 97

Fundamental and clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a newly-developed injectable cephem antibiotic was performed as follows. The serum and urine concentrations of CTRX as well as the urinary recovery rate were determined in 7 children at 3 different dose levels; 3 cases administered with 10 mg/kg, 3 with 20 mg/kg and 1 with 48 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined in 1 case of purulent meningitis associated with bacteremia, administered by one shot intravenous injection with 47.6 mg/kg. CTRX was also examined in its clinical and bacteriological efficacies by one shot intravenous injection for 8 days on average in a mean daily dose of 46.5 mg/kg, divided into twice a day in 31 cases, 3 times in 1 case, and 4 times changed from twice in 1 case; in a total of 33 children consisting of 3 with tonsillitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 20 with pneumonia, 2 with purulent meningitis associated with bacteremia, 3 with urinary tract infections, 1 with osteomyelitis associated with phlegmon, 3 with purulent lymphadenitis. The adverse reactions and laboratory test values were examined in a total of 40 cases, i.e., the above-mentioned 33 cases plus the 7 drop-out cases in which the clinical efficacy could not be evaluated. The results were as follows. The serum levels of CTRX in 7 cases consisting of 3 administered with 10 mg/kg, 3 with 20 mg/kg and 1 with 48 mg/kg reached their peaks 5 minutes after one shot intravenous injection and the mean values of them were 93.6 mcg/ml, 143.0 mcg/ml and 558.0 mcg/ml, respectively, indicating the existence of a dose-response among these groups, while the half-life times were 4.41, 5.86 and 4.09 hours. Among the 7 cases examined in the urinary levels as well as the serum levels, the 3 cases administered with 10 mg/kg reached the mean peak of 334.0 mcg/ml 2 to 4 hours after administration, while another 3 cases administered with 20 mg/kg showed peaks of 793.0, 522.0 and 536.0 mcg/ml, respectively, 2 to 4 hours, 4 to 6 hours and 6 to 12 hours after injection; this dispersion being partly because of that the urine specimen was unable to be collected regularly every hour in this dose group. In the case administered with 48 mg/kg, urinary level reached the highest value of 6,100.0 mcg/ml from 0 to 2 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. 609 8

Twenty-eight pediatric patients were treated with ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) in the doses ranging from 8.75 to 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3.5 to 11.5 days, and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Among the 21 children with bacterial infections including pneumonia, acute bronchitis, otitis media, tonsillitis and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 9, good in 11, and fair in 1 patient. Out of the 28 patients, 2 patients had diarrhea, 3 patients had slightly elevated serum concentrations of transaminases, and 2 patients showed eosinophilia. The serum concentrations of CTRX in 5 children ranged from 50.0 to 93.8 micrograms/ml (mean 75.0 micrograms/ml) at 15 minutes and from 10.2 to 15.6 micrograms/ml (mean 13.4 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after 10 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of CTRX. The serum half-lives were from 2.61 to 8.30 hours (mean 6.16 hours), and urinary recovery rates were from 43.3 to 58.0% (mean 48.5%) during 0-6 hours and from 52.0 to 66.1% (mean 59.4%) during 0-12 hours. After 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of CTRX in 4 children, the serum concentrations of CTRX were from 118.8 to 162.5 micrograms/ml (mean 139.1 micrograms/ml) at 15 minutes and from 18.0 to 21.1 micrograms/ml (mean 19.2 micrograms/ml) at 6 hours. The serum half-lives were 4.07 to 6.34 hours (mean 5.13 hours), and urinary recovery rates were 38.6 to 51.1% (mean 45.4%) during 0-6 hours and from 54.8 to 64.0% (mean 59.0%) during 0-12 hours. Patients with impairment of renal function were excluded from this pharmacokinetic study.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftriaxone in children]. 609 20

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20


1 2 Next >>