Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was nearly equal to that of CTX, LMOX, CMZ and CPZ against the 4 species of clinically isolated strains. CMNX was applied to a total of 17 patients including 11 cases of bronchitis, 4 cases of pneumonia and 2 cases of urinary tract infection. The results showed an efficacy rate of 94% (16/17). In the 4 patients from whom the isolation of pathogenic organisms was possible, the bacteriological response to CMNX was appreciable the efficacy rate being 80% (4/5). No side effect of the drug was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefminox in the pediatric field]. 383 63

Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean serum concentrations of CMNX following intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 73.1, 112.5 and 181.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, respectively. The serum half-life times were 1.37, 1.20 and 1.53 hours, respectively. Average recovery rates in the urine until 6 hours from the start of injection were 91.4, 59.4 and 85.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CMNX against clinically isolated organisms was measured; CMNX was more active than CMZ and CEZ against H. influenzae. CMNX was equal to or more active than CMZ and CEZ against E. coli. CMNX was administered clinically to 32 pediatric patients with various infections; 19-pneumonia, 5-bronchopneumonia, 3-bronchitis and 5-pyelonephritis. Overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT was observed in 2 patients. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefminox in pediatric field]. 389 3

Cefamandole sodium (CMD), a new cephalosporin-derivative, was synthesized in the Laboratory of Eli-Lilly Co. Ltd. U.S.A. in 1972. CMD, which is several times more active than cefmetazole (CMZ, a cephamycin antibiotic) against Gram-positive cocci, is only as active as the latter antibiotic against Gram-negative bacilli. Against Haemophilus influenzae, CMD exhibits an antimicrobial activity which is as strong as that of ampicillin sodium. Our previous comparative tests on efficacy and safety of CMD versus cefazolin (CEZ) demonstrated that CMD was as effective and safe as CEZ in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. In the present clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of CMD are evaluated by a comparative double blind method using CMZ, a more recently synthesized cephamycin antibiotic, as a reference drug. For this purpose, a comparative double blind study was carried out in 50 institutions and clinics in Tohoku and Hokkaido districts in Japan. A total of 272 inpatients, who was aged over 16 years and was diagnosed as having pneumonia, lung abscess or acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, was included in this trial. They received 2 g of CMD or CMZ twice a day by intravenous drip infusions, as a rule, for 14 days. Of these patients, 264 (133 received CMD and 131 CMZ) were available for the evaluation of safety and usefulness. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (122 received CMD and 116 CMZ) were adopted for the evaluation of efficacy. Prior to the treatment, there was no significant difference with respect to age, sex, severity of infection and underlying diseases between subjects in 2 treatment groups. An excellent or good clinical response was obtained in 82% of the patients treated with CMD, and in 81% of those treated with CMZ. Thus, there was no significant difference in cure rate between 2 treatment groups. However, an excellent clinical response was found in 12.3% of the patients treated with CMD, whereas only in 4.3% of those treated with CMZ. This difference in percentage of excellent clinical response between 2 treatment groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Of the 87 patients with moderate to severe infection who were treated with CMD, 13 showed an excellent response. Only 4 of 90 patients treated with CMZ showed an excellent response. Statistically the difference in the rate of excellent response between these 2 groups was significant (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Double-blind comparative clinical evaluation of cefamandole and cefmetazole in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 637 Dec 91

The current state of causative bacteria in infectious diseases and the trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents were mentioned. The commonest micro-organisms isolated from the blood and intravascular catheter tips were CNS, S. aureus and C. albicans. Significant urine culture isolates were E. coli and other enterobacteriaceae in uncomplicated UTI, and Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in complicated UTI with a urinary catheter. In respiratory tract infections (RTIs), H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, were common causative organisms. Community-acquired pneumonia was mainly caused by H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis. In common with hospital-acquired pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and enterobacteriaceae were the frequent microorganisms isolated. In anaerobic infections, the most common micro-organisms were B. fragilis and other B. fragilis group isolated from intra-abdominal focus of post operative patients. The trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of common bacteria over a period of 5 years (1988-1992) have been monitored. The proportion of isolates of S. aureus resistant to CEZ, CMZ, FMOX, IPM or MINO has increased. There was no trend towards increased resistance among isolates of P. aeruginosa except for CBPC. The incidence of resistance to PCG, ABPC, EM and LMOX increased in isolates of S. pneumoniae and that of resistance to PIPC, CMZ, LMOX and IPM increased in those of B. fragilis group.
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PMID:[Current state of causative bacteria in infections diseases and trends in resistance to antimicrobial agents]. 812 76

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
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PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20