Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IMP/CS) was administered to patients with severe infections complicated by hematological disorders and solid tumors to assess its efficacy and safety. Primary diseases in this series of 76 cases included 37 cases of hematological disorders (acute leukemia in 25 cases, malignant lymphoma in 7 cases, aplastic anemia in 3 cases and 2 other diseases) and 38 cases of solid tumors (lung cancer in 7 cases, gastric cancer in 11 cases, esophageal cancer in 6 cases, pancreatic cancer in 3 cases, bile duct cancer in 4 cases, hepatocellular cancer in 3 cases, and 4 other diseases). Following results were obtained. 1. Types of infection in hematological diseases were sepsis in 5 cases, suspected sepsis in 24 cases, pneumonia in 5 cases and 3 others. The efficacy rates were 100% in sepsis, 62.5% in suspected sepsis, 80% in pneumonia and 73% in all cases. 2. Types of infection in solid tumors were sepsis in 2 cases, suspected sepsis in 13 cases, pneumonia in 10 cases, cholecystitis in 2 cases, cholangitis in 5 cases, liver abscess in 2 cases, and 4 others. The efficacy rates were 50% in sepsis, 69.2% in suspected sepsis, 80% in pneumonia, and 71.1% in all cases. 3. IPM/CS was administered in single use in 66 cases and in combination with other antibiotics in 9 cases. The efficacy rate in the single use was 72.7% and that in the combination use was 66.7%. 4. The efficacy rate in 35 cases of first use was 71.4% and that in 40 cases of second use was 72.5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against severe infections complicated with hematological disorders and solid tumors]. 261 13

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were performed in neonates. The results were as follow: 1. A total of 27 patients consisting of 17 mature and 10 immature infants were treated with IPM/CS. Each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, and it was administered 2 approximately 3 times daily, in a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion for 3 approximately 12 days. The clinical efficacy of IPM/CS in 10 patients with bacterial infections (2 with sepsis, 3 with suspected sepsis, 2 with pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with acute omphalitis) was evaluated as excellent in all patients, with an efficacy rate of 100%. All 5 causative organisms found in 5 patients (Staphylococcus aureus in 1, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Escherichia coli in 2 and Flavobacterium meningosepticum in 1) were eradicated. Among 27 patients administered IPM/CS, adverse reactions were observed in 2 patients. These were rash and diarrhea. As for abnormal laboratory test values, elevations of GOT and GPT were observed. 2. MICs of IPM against 14 clinical isolates (S. epidermidis 1, S. aureus 6, Streptococcus agalactiae 4, E. coli 1, Enterobacter cloacae 1 and F. meningosepticum 1) from neonatal patients with bacterial infections were examined. IPM showed good antibacterial activity comparable to that of cefotaxime against S. agalactiae; however, the activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus was poor. 3. Serum levels of IPM and CS were investigated in a total of 22 patients consisting of 15 mature and 7 immature infants after 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM/CS was administered. IPM and CS produced peak serum levels at the end of the drip infusion. In mature infants, peak serum levels of IPM and CS were 31.8 micrograms/ml (17.1 approximately 59.0 micrograms/ml) and 59.9 micrograms/ml (35.6 approximately 99.0 micrograms/ml), respectively. In low birth weight infants, these were 25.0 micrograms/ml (16.8 approximately 41.8 micrograms/ml) and 55.2 micrograms/ml (33.8 approximately 82.4 micrograms/ml), respectively. Half-lives of IPM and CS were 1.0 approximately 2.7 hrs. and 0.9 approximately 7.4 hrs. in mature infants, and 1.6 approximately 3.0 hrs. and 1.3 approximately 9.7 hrs. in immature infants, respectively. Generally the longer half-lives were observed in the younger neonates. Serum levels of CS remained higher and half-lives of CS were longer than those of IPM. The pharmacokinetics in neonates were different from those in adults or children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. 274 57

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were performed in neonates. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of IPM and CS sodium were determined in 7 neonates with ages between 7 and 26 days (gestation periods were 37 to 41 weeks and birth weights were 2,410 to 3,890 g) upon 1 hour drip intravenous infusion of IPM/CS at 10 mg/10 mg/kg, or 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Mean plasma concentrations of IPM reached their peaks at the end of infusion with levels of 12.7 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml for the group given 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 19.1 +/- 4.1 micrograms/ml for 20 mg/20 mg/kg. The concentration of IPM in plasma showed a dose-response to the 10 mg/10 mg/kg and 20 mg/20 mg/kg dosages. Concentrations decreased with half-lives of 1.87 +/- 0.71 hours and 1.97 +/- 0.21 hours for the low and the high dosages, and plasma levels at 8 hours after administration were 0.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.8 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml, respectively. Mean urinary recovery rates in 8 hours after administration were 37.6 +/- 11.8% and 26.8 +/- 17.2% for the low and the high dosages. While, mean plasma concentrations and mean urinary recovery rates of CS were higher than those of IPM, mean plasma half-lives of CS were similar to IPM. 2. IPM/CS was administered to 11 neonatal patients (with ages between 1 and 26 days) of various bacterial infections, and clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Clinical efficacies in cases including 7 with acute pneumonia and 1 each with suspected septicemia, intrauterine infection, acute urinary tract infection and periproctal abscess were judged excellent in 10 and good in 1 case, and the efficacy rate was 100%. Causative organisms isolated from these patients included 3 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain each of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae Enterococcus faecalis and Haemophilus influenzae. All the organisms were eradicated by IPM/CS, thus the bacteriological eradication rate was 100%. No adverse reactions were observed, but decreased platelet in 1 patient and increased GOT in 2 patients were found as abnormal laboratory test values. These changes, however were transient, and returned to normal after discontinuation of IPM/CS. It was concluded that the clinical results of IPM/CS are indicative of excellent efficacy, safety and usefulness of the drug in the treatment of infections in neonates.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. 274 58

Imipenem/cilastatin as a single agent or in combination with amikacin was used as empirical treatment of severe hospital infections. Twenty-five patients were evaluable for efficacy and the overall response rate was 62% with imipenem/cilastatin alone and 80% with imipenem/cilastatin in combination with amikacin. The highest response rate was obtained in urinary tract infection (75%) and in pneumonia (70%) and the lowest response rate (50%) was observed in bacteremia of unknown origin and in skin and soft tissue infections. Eight failures were observed and seven of them occurred in patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin alone. Two deaths occurred, both in patients with bacteremia. Imipenem/cilastatin treatment was interrupted early in 3 patients because the pathogen developed resistance during therapy and in 2 other patients because of side effects. In our study imipenem/cilastatin proved to be efficacious and well tolerated. The addition of an aminoglycoside to imipenem/cilastatin might improve its efficacy and prevent pathogens from becoming resistant during therapy. Therefore this association would seem to be advisable for the therapy of bacteremic infections and for those caused by difficult pathogens.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of severe hospital infections. 316 56

Imipenem/cilastatin (Tienam 500; Logos) 1 g, administered intravenously every 8 hours, was evaluated in an open clinical trial in 35 patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia. In 84.4% of cases there was a favourable clinical response; microbiological success was achieved in 63.3% and partial success in 20% of patients. The majority of Gram-negative and Gram positive organisms were sensitive to imipenem, including those resistant to the aminoglycosides. Although colonisation was frequent, superinfection was uncommon. Imipenem was well tolerated in these critically ill patients, many of whom had renal and other organ failure. The wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and minimal side-effects made it a useful agent in patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of severe nosocomial pneumonia. 318 16

Imipenem/cilastatin (Tienam 500; Logos) 1 g, administered intravenously every 8 hours, was evaluated in an open clinical trial in 35 patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia. In 84.4% of cases there was a favourable clinical response; microbiological success was achieved in 63.3% and partial success in 20% of patients. The majority of Gram-negative and Gram positive organisms were sensitive to imipenem, including those resistant to the aminoglycosides. Although colonisation was frequent, superinfection was uncommon. Imipenem was well tolerated in these critically ill patients, many of whom had renal and other organ failure. The wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and minimal side-effects made it a useful agent in patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin. A new dimension. 318 39

Imipenem 2 g daily was administered intravenously to 40 evaluable patients with neutropenia and fever. Twenty-three patients had acute leukaemia and 17 malignant lymphoma. The overall response rate was 70.0%. Of the 14 patients with documented infection, 9 (64.3%) responded. Poorer responses were observed in patients with pneumonia (40%) or pseudomonal infection (50%). The response rate was significantly higher among patients with increasing neutrophil counts during therapy (P less than 0.02). Fungal infection was a common cause of treatment failure. Gastrointestinal side effects and skin rashes were occasionally seen. No patient developed central nervous system toxicity. Imipenem is a practical alternative to antibiotic combinations for management of neutropenic infection. However, careful monitoring is essential in the subgroups of patients with pneumonia or pseudomonal infections, who may require modifications of therapy.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin as initial therapy for febrile neutropenic patients. 320 33

Twenty three neonates and young infants were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 83 days, and their body weights ranged from 750 to 4,760 g. Doses of IPM/CS ranged from 17.4 to 21.5 mg/kg as IPM every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 12 days. Sixteen patients with infections including sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, appeared to have responded to the IPM/CS treatment. Among them, clinical results were excellent in 2, good in 12 and fair in 2 patients. The drug was well tolerated, but 1 patient had diarrhea, 1 had redness of body during infusion, 1 had elevated GOT and GPT, and 2 patients showed only elevated values of GOT only among the 23 patients. The pharmacokinetics of IPM/CS were studied in 7 patients. Their ages ranged from 0 to 9 days, and body weights ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 kg. Serum concentrations of IPM were between 18.0 and 96.9 micrograms/ml and those of CS ranged 31.7 and 144.5 micrograms/ml in 6 patients at the end of intravenous drip infusion 20 mg/20 mg/kg during 30 or 60 minutes. Elimination half-lives of IPM ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 hours, and those of CS ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 hours. Serum concentrations of IPM was 14.7 micrograms/ml and that of CS was 32.4 micrograms/ml in 1 patient at the end of 30 minute-drip infusion 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The elimination half-lives of IPM was 1.5 hours, and that of CS was 2.9 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and young infants]. 321 Feb 99

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered in a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg or 20 mg/20 mg/kg by a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion to 19 mature and premature neonates with ages from 1 to 12 days with various bacterial infections, and plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates in these subjects were measured. Because of the small number of patients recruited, neonates were not divided into mature and premature groups, but into 3 groups based on their day-ages: 0-3 days, 4-7 days and 8 days or older. A clinical evaluation of IPM/CS was carried out in 10 male and 3 female neonates with ages 0-28 days. These patients included 6 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infection and 1 each with septicemia, suspected septicemia and maxillary sinusitis. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates (1) The 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at 10 mg/10 mg/kg of IPM/CS IPM: Its peak plasma concentrations were obtained at the end of drip infusion of the test drug in all 3 groups, their values ranged from 18.18 to 19.90 micrograms/ml with no statistically significant variations. The plasma concentrations rapidly decreased to 0.32-0.98 microgram/ml at 8 hours after administration of IPM/CS. The half-lives tended to be shorter in older neonates, with mean half-lives being 1.87, 1.55 and 1.40 hours, respectively. CS: Its peak plasma concentrations were obtained for all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 28.23 to 30.00 micrograms/ml with no significant variations. Plasma concentrations in the 0-3 day-age group and the 4-7 day-age group slowly decreased to 6.30 micrograms/ml and 4.58 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after administration of IPM/CS, respectively. Half-lives were 4.10 hours and 3.08 hours, respectively. On the other hand, those of the 8-day or older group rapidly decreased to below the detection limit in 8 hours after administration with a half-life of 1.6 hours. (2) The 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM/CS IPM: Peak plasma concentrations were obtained in all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 31.1 to 38.24 micrograms/ml. Plasma concentrations rapidly decreased, and were 0.95-2.08 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after administration with half-lives of 1.5-1.88 hours. CS: Peak plasma concentrations were obtained in all 3 groups at the end of drip infusion and were ranging from 47.0 to 55.82 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and premature infants]. 321 Mar 1

Ten patients with infections (8 neonates and 2 infants) were treated with 10.2 mg/10.2 mg/kg-37.7 mg/37.7 mg/kg of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) b.i.d. or t.i.d. by a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. The plasma concentrations of IPM/CS were determined in 5 of the 10 patients and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 patient of the 5. 1. The patients studied included 5 with pneumonia and 1 each with urinary tract infection, omphalitis, suspected meningitis, periproctal abscess and suspected septicemia. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 9 patients: the patient with suspected meningitis was excluded from the clinical evaluation because the infection was doubtfully due to bacteria. Responses were excellent in 4 and good in 5 patients. No patient with a poor response was observed. All of the 6 etiological isolates obtained from 5 patients (2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 each of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Bacteroides fragilis) were eradicated. 2. As for side effects, rash was observed in 1 patient and petechiae accompanied by decreases in platelets and reticulocytes and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in another. Other abnormal laboratory test values in addition to the above abnormalities consisted of an increase in GPT in 1 patient and increases in GOT and GPT in another. These side effects and abnormalities in laboratory test values were mild and normalized after discontinuation or completion of IPM/CS administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonatal infections]. 321 Mar 3


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