Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical trial of cefotiam was made in children and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacodynamic studies of the drug in CSF of experimental staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits showed a CSF/serum ratio of T 1/2 of 3.52, which was relatively high, but a percentage of CSF/serum ratio of AUC of only 3.42% up to 3 hours, suggesting a low efficiency of passage of the drug into CSF. 2. Blood concentrations of the drug were determined in children after an intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg and were 46 mcg/ml (15 min.) and 26 mcg/ml (30 min.), T 1/2 being 40.8 min., Urinary recovery rate was 91.3% up to 4 hours in one patient and 61.9% up to 6 hours in another, respectively. 3. Thirteen patients with the following 14 episodes of infections were treated with cefotiam; urinary tract infection (5 cases), pneumonia (5), empyema (1), tonsillitis (1) and suspected sepsis (2). An overall efficacy rate was 100%, i. e., excellent in 12, good in 2 and no failure. No adverse reactions were clinically discernible and only laboratory abnormalities were transient or slight elevations of transaminase levels in 2 patients. 4. Based on the above results, it was concluded that cefotiam is a potent new antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections. Spectrum and antibacterial activity of the drug suggest that the drug particularly indicated for pneumonia.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in children (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 21

An 8-month-old male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted to the hospital with pneumonitis and, subsequently, died at 21 months of age. During his lengthy hospitalization, parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) was isolated from respiratory secretions and unusual sites, such as pericardial fluid, CSF, and WBCs. A postmortem examination showed apparent viral pancreatitis, and PIV-3 was isolated from the lung, brain, and pericardial fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of disseminated parainfluenza infection identified during life. We speculated that a mutant fusion protein may have been elaborated by the virus, allowing dissemination beyond the respiratory tract.
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PMID:Disseminated parainfluenza infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. 631 7

The efficacy of endolymphatic route of gentamicin and ceporin administration was studied in 89 patients with neurosurgical pathological processes complicated by acute pneumonia (80 patients) and meningoencephalitis (9 patients) usually after ineffective antibiotic therapy according to the routine methods. The antibiotics were used in accordance with the antibiograms of the causative agents isolated from the bronchial tree or CSF. The endolymphatic use of gentamicin or ceporin once a day in doses of 80 mg or 1 g respectively provided rapid sanation and arresting of the inflammatory foci, lowering of the intoxication level, more rapid promotion of the positive time course of the clinico-roentgenological and laboratory indices and decreasing of the recovery periods by 1.5-2 times in 86 per cent of the patients with pneumonia. The endolymphatic administration of gentamicin in a dose of 80 mg twice a day or ceporin in a dose of 1 g twice a day allowed one to maintain the antibiotic therapeutic levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and to obtain satisfactory clinical results in the combined treatment of meningoencephalitis. The endolymphatic administration of the drugs was well tolerated by the patients and no adverse reactions were observed. This route of administration of antibiotics and in particular broad spectrum antibiotics may be recommended for urgent antibacterial therapy of especially severe neurosurgical patients with pyo-inflammatory complications and patients who did not respond to the routine antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[Intralymphatic administration of antibiotics in the complex treatment of suppurative complications in patients with neurosurgical pathology]. 633 Dec 89

Ninety patients with serious infections, including 61 with septicaemia, pneumonia, peritonitis or meningitis, were treated with ceftazidime. Of these patients, 85.6% were clinically cured (73.3%) or improved (12.2%) by the antibiotic. In this study, 57.7% had infections due to Escherichia coli (24.7%), Klebsiella sp. (14.5%) and Pseudomonas sp. (18.5%). Two children with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas pneumonia and an adult with Legionella pneumonia responded well to ceftazidime treatment. Seventy patients had fever before treatment and most of them became apyrexial in less than 2 to 3 days. Ceftazidime was given either intramuscularly (42 patients) or intravenously (48 patients), in a dose of 1 g tds in 71 patients or 2 g tds in severe infections in 11 patients, or reduced to suit the renal function (7 patients) or in paediatric doses (2 children). Blood ceftazidime levels were measured in eight patients with normal renal function. The average level one hour post dosing was 45.2 mg/l and the average trough level was 8.1 mg/l. Six patients were suffering from variable degrees of renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 149 to 668 mmol/l). Their average blood level 1 h post-dosing was 68.8 mg/l. In a patient with meningitis, the CSF level was 2.4 mg/l 2 h after a 1 g dose. These levels are several times the ceftazidime MIC values for most clinical bacterial isolates. Ceftazidime is a valuable and safe alternative to aminoglycoside therapy.
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PMID:Ceftazidime: a new approach in the treatment of moderate and severe infections. 635 15

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4), acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected) (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1). The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 637 50

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new injectable cephem antibiotic, was used for treatment of infections in children, and the following results were obtained. After an intravenous injection of CAZ at a dose of 20 mg/kg, the mean blood levels in 2 patients were 41.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 18.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 2.55 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 1.37 hours. In a 22-day-old baby with meningitis given CAZ intravenously at a dose of 43.5 mg/kg, the blood levels were 100 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 68 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 25 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 2.96 hours. After intravenous administration of CAZ in doses ranging from 35.7 to 50 mg/kg, CSF concentrations ranged from N.D. to 6.3 micrograms/ml in 3 patients with purulent meningitis, although 19 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 13 micrograms/ml at 2 hours in 1 patient after intravenous administration of 46.7 mg/kg. In patient with mumps meningitis, CSF concentrations were undetectable after intravenous administration of 35.7 mg/kg. Seventeen patients (each 1 patient with lymphadenitis, tonsillitis and septicemia, each 2 patients with pneumonia, bronchiectatic bronchitis, pyothorax and purulent meningitis, each 3 patients with pyelonephritis and enteritis) were treated with CAZ intravenously, at the daily doses of 178.2 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in 4 divided doses in patients with meningitis and 44.1 to 103.4 mg/kg in 3 divided doses in patients with other infections (two of them were given by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes). The clinical responses were excellent or good in all the patients except for 1 case of Salmonella enteritis (poor) and 1 case of Campylobacter enteritis (poor). The efficacy rate was 88.2%. It was noteworthy that the clinical response was excellent in 1 case of septicemia with P. aeruginosa with leukemic stage of malignant lymphoma and in 2 cases of purulent meningitis. As side effects, fever, eruption, leukocytopenia, elevation in GOT and positive CRP considered to be allergic, were observed on day 16 of administration in 1 case of pyothorax. These symptoms disappeared by discontinuance of administration. In addition, there were elevation in GOT and GPT in 2 cases and elevation in GOT in 2 cases and elevation in GPT in 1 case; they were all mild or transient, and there was nothing to be worried about.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in paediatrics]. 637 60

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly-developed parenteral cephem antibiotic, was administered to 8 children; by one shot intravenous (i.v.) injection in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, and by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion in the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg each to 2 children, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. CAZ was also administered to 2 patients with purulent meningitis, one complicated with subdural abscess and the other with bacteremia, in the doses of 19.2 and 50.7 mg/kg, respectively, by one shot i.v. injection, and the CSF level of CAZ was determined. In addition, CAZ was administered to 2 children with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 37 with pneumonia, 3 with pleuropneumonia, 1 each for purulent meningitis, purulent meningitis accompanied with subdural abscess and purulent meningitis with bacteremia, 5 with urinary tract infections and 3 with purulent lymphadenitis (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 85.8 mg/kg/day mostly in 4 divided doses by one shot i.v. injection for 9 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 66 cases which included 12 drop-out cases. 1. After the administration of CAZ to 4 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, by one shot i.v. injection, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 115.8 and 199.5 mcg/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes. The results were good, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.48 and 1.37 hours, respectively. After the administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of CAZ each to 2 children by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 58.5 and 80.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.06 hours in the former 2 cases, and 1.38 and 3.26 hours, respectively, in the latter 2 cases. The reason for the prolongation observed in 1 case was not clear. 2. In the above mentioned each 2 cases receiving one i.v. injection, the mean urinary levels got to the peak of 4,240 and 4,445 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0-2 hours after the administration , and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were high, 95.7% and 99.5%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 61

A new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam derivative, 6059-S, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-five patients were treated with 10 to 274 mg/kg per day of 6059-S by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (2), pneumonia (4), pertussis (4), acute enterocolitis (2), recurrent urinary tract infection (2), suspected septicemia (3), and acute purulent meningitis (1); and the remaining 5 patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Enterobacter aerogenes (1), Proteus morganii (1), Psuedomonas aeruginosa (2) and Salmonella typhimurium (1). All the patients of bacterial infections were cured after the 6059-S therapy. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium were not eradicated after the 6059-S therapy, and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 75%. Diarrhea (3), precordial pain (2, only in cases with high-dose therapy), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (2), and transient eosinophilia (2) were found to be associated with the 6059-S therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum 6059-S level was 1.34 +/- 0.16 hours. CSF concentrations in a case with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis ranged 4.0 to 9.7 mcg/ml after an intravenous injection of 34.3 to 75 mg/kg of 6059-S. From the present study, 6059-S appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. It remains to be further determined whether 6059-S is superior to ABPC in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of 6059-S therapy in children (author's transl)]. 645 68

Cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic having a long serum half-life (2.93 +/- 0.78 hours), was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-four patients were treated with a daily dose of 30 to 100 mg/kg of CTT by intravenous administrations mostly in 2 divided doses. The diagnoses of the effective patients were acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (4), acute urinary tract infections (4), acute enterocolitis (2), presumed septicemia (1), and phlegmon (1); and the effectiveness was 77.3%. The pathogens recovered from these patients were S. pneumoniae (1), H. influenzae (3), S. marcescens (1), E. coli (2), and K. oxytoca (1). CTT was not effective in staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema (each 1 case), in Pseudomonas pneumonia (2), and in a case of brain abscess and mastoiditis of unknown etiology. Diarrhea (2), and transient elevations of the serum GOT, GPT, and LDH (1) were associated with the CTT therapy, but no severe adverse reaction was encountered. The CSF level of CTT seemed to be lower among several new cephalosporins. From the present study, CTT appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. A twice-a-day schedule was recommended from its long serum half-life.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 31

Lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in the blood serum, erythrocyte membranes and CSF were examined in 110 patients (aged 1 month to 3 years) with infectious neurotoxicosis developed in the presence of acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia and intestinal infection. The results obtained showed a considerable fall in the level of total phospholipids and in their individual fractions in the blood serum and erythrocyte membranes; and their elevation in the CSF as well as increased lipid peroxidation in the blood serum and in the CSF. Among the questions discussed is a possible involvement of upset metabolism of lipids and their peroxides in the pathogenesis of infectious-toxic impairments of the nervous system in children of early age. The questions of their correction with lipostabilizing agents are also reviewed.
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PMID:[Disorders of lipid metabolism indices and various aspects of their correction in infectious-toxic lesions of the nervous system in young children]. 665 79


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