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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), the authors have looked for pneumococcal antigens in biological fluids in 141 pneumococcal infections cases (70 meningitis, 25 empyema, 40 pneumonia, 5 peritonitis, 1 pericarditis). The best results (superior to bacteriological results) were obtained with CSF and pleural fluid. Testing sputum by CIE seems to have a real interest in pneumonia. CIE associated with bacteriology, gives more than 20% increase in aetiological diagnosis in pneumococcal infections and permits to set accurate aetiological diagnosis in less than two hours.
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PMID:[Contribution of the counter-immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal infections (author's transl)]. 39 23

We presented a case of hemangioblastoma associated with spina bifida occulta, persistent metopic suture, thyroid adenocarcinoma, vertebro-occipital anastomosis and erythrocytosis. We have not found a hemangioblastoma with these associations, as far as we have seen in the literature. 36-year-old male was admitted with complaints of nausea, vomiting and ataxic gait in June, 1970. On admission, the examination revealed no evidence of increased intracranial pressure except for elevated CSF pressure by lumbar puncture and incoordination. The peripheral blood count disclosed slight erythrocythemia. Vertebral angiography revealed a vascular lesion of 2.0 cm in diameter situated almost in the midline of caudal cerebellum receiving its blood supply from the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. In addition, a right vertebro-occipital anastomosis was visualized. Plain reoentgenograms showed persistent metopic suture and spina bifida occulta of C 5 - 6. After admission, installation of Ommaya reservoir and decompressive suboccipital craniectomy were performed, and a thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma was totally removed. After discharge, he had been well for two years until a month previously to the second admission, when he commenced to have again headache, nausea, and vomiting with ataxic gait. Vertebral angiography showed the tumor enlarged in size measuring 4.0 X 5.0 cm and the tumor stain was more irregular and less homogenous than 3 years before. Brain scan revealed an increased uptake in the midline of the posterior fossa. After readmission, in April, 1973, he gradually developed dysphagia, disturbance of articulation and inactivity of mentality and died from pneumonia in October, 1974. Autopsy revealed a vascular tumor originated from the medial portion of the right cerebellum and the tumor showed multiple cyst formation in the rostral part in contrast to the caudal solid mass. Histologically the tumor tissue was composed of capillaries supported by fine argyrophilic fibers, large clear interstitial cells containing lipid granules and hemosiderin pigment. Carcinoma of the right lobe of the thyroid was found with metastasis to the bone marrow, lungs and anterior cervical lymphnodes and lymphnodes at the left supraclavicular angle. Bone marrow showed marked erythropoiesis. The case reported here provides an evidence to suggest that there is more than a random relationship between hemangioblastoma, dysraphic state and thyroid carcinoma. The other association, the vertebrooccipital anastomosis may result from the enhanced demand of blood supply by hemangioblastoma but this speculation needs further examination.
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PMID:[A case of hemangioblastoma associated with spina bifida occulta, persistent metopic suture, thyroid adenocarcinoma, vertebro-occipital anastomosis and erythrocytosis (author's transl)]. 79 Feb 13

We review the clinical and laboratory features of 79 children with 83 episodes of pneumococcal meningitis over a 26-year period. The onset of illness was often severe, with convulsions occurring in 31% of the patients. The mortality was 10.8% and all deaths occurred in patients younger than 1 year of age; the death rate has dropped from 19% in the 1948 to 1962 era to 3% from 1963 to 1973. The association of pneumonia with meningitis, the presence of hypoglycorrhachia, and an increased CSF protein concentration were associated with a poor prognosis; bacteremia and convulsions were also more common in the fetal cases. Neurologic sequelae including recurrent meningitis, deafness, hydrocephalus, convulsions, and retardation were present in 56% of the patients observed. Findings from EEGs did not correlate well with the clinical picture during the acute or convalescent stage of the illness. Despite accurate diagnosis, prompt therapy, and a decrease in the mortality in the past decade, pneumococcal meningitis in children is still often associated with a serious outcome.
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PMID:Pneumococcal meningitis in children. 88 97

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) acts on eosinophil differentiation and activation, suggesting the existence of a membrane receptor for IL-5 on eosinophils. Here, we report that 125I-labeled recombinant human IL-5 bound to high affinity receptors on human eosinophils, especially pulmonary eosinophils in eosinophilic pneumonia obtained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No specific binding occurred on neutrophils, nor on the undifferentiated eosinophilic cell line. EoL-3, in the absence of stimulation. The specific binding of IL-5 was induced by incubation at 37 degrees C of human eosinophils and EoL-3 cells with GM-CSF and with the supernatants of BAL cells from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. These results indicate the existence of a specific binding site for IL-5 on human eosinophils with variable affinity in eosinophil hypodense or normodense subpopulations, as previously reported for other membrane receptors. Furthermore, lung cells (BAL cells) in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia may be involved in the production certain eosinophilopoietic growth cytokines such as IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5.
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PMID:[Characterization of a receptor for interleukin-5 on pulmonary eosinophils with eosinophilic pneumonia]. 130 41

RhGM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor which stimulates the proliferation, differentiation and functional activity of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. It also stimulates proliferation of endothelial cells and induces the production of other cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon, prostaglandin E2, and plasminogen activating factor which affects both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell activities. Initial clinical studies in 1987 generally excluded experimental therapy with rhGM-CSF in pediatric patients (age < or = 17 years) unless life threatening illness related to neutropenia and infection developed (i.e., patients with graft failure). Serious complications of patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) related to pancytopenia include infection and hemorrhage. Other regimen related complications include venooclusive disease, pneumonitis and mucositis. As a result of these complications, patients require intensive medical support including antibiotics and hyperalimentation. Initial hospital duration following marrow reinfusion is generally 4 to 5 weeks. Hematopoietic growth factors have been administered to patients undergoing autologous BMT as an attempt to reduce regimen related toxicity.
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PMID:RhGM-CSF in bone marrow transplantation: experience in pediatric patients. 130 85

We investigated a broad spectrum of immunoactive mediators in a mouse model of influenza. ICR mice (4-5 wk old) that were infected with a 10 LD50 dose of influenza A/PR8/34 virus died after 6 days without evidence of bacterial superinfection. Maximal virus titers were reached by day 2 postinfection, whereas the multifocal pneumonia with mononuclear cell infiltration reached its maximum at the end of infection. We measured the cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, granulocyte (G)/macrophage (M)-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, and the lipid mediators leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor in the cellfree bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice during infection. We found an early increase of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and leukotriene B4. Levels of these factors peaked between 36 h and day 3 postinfection, with the exception of IL-6 that remained at elevated levels throughout infection. G-CSF and M-CSF increased slowly and reached a maximum by day 5 postinfection. We were unable to detect IL-2, IL-3, or IL-4. PAF remained at the same level throughout infection. Our results suggest that lung-resident cells, and possibly the alveolar macrophages, participate actively in the onset of the inflammatory response against the invading virus. The inability to detect the T cell products IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4 was unexpected considering the role of T cells in the elimination of the virus in infected mice. Our observation confirms thus earlier findings about the inability of specific T cell clones to elicit an unspecific antiviral effect.
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PMID:A kinetic study of immune mediators in the lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus. 132 55

In order to clarify the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndrome, immunohistochemical studies were performed in a patient with subacute sensory neuropathy secondary to a small cell lung cancer. The case was a 73-year-old ex-farmer, whose chief complaints were pins and needles sensation of distal limbs and gait difficulty. After 6 weeks prodromata of pain in the upper limbs and numbness in all the limbs, he became unable to stand up without assistance. Neurological examinations on admission revealed marked sensory disturbances with glove and stocking type hypalgesia to pin prick and the loss of position and vibration senses in the distal extremities. His deep tendon reflexes also decreased in all the limbs. A chest X-ray showed a mass in the left upper lung field. A transbronchial lung biopsy of the mass revealed a small cell carcinoma. He was treated with anti-cancer drugs and radiation but he died of pneumonia after 8 months illness. Autopsy revealed a marked demyelination of the entire posterior column of the spinal cord. Dorsal root ganglia were infiltrated by lymphocytes with significant neuronal loss. Immunohistochemically, most of the infiltrated cells around the neurons were classified as CD8+ with fewer CD4+ lymphocytes. No B-lymphocytes were detected in the ganglia. The HLA-ABC and HLA-DR positive cells were found only among the satellite cells, not in the neurons. The serum and CSF from the patient were immunohistologically reacted with the nuclei and cytoplasm of all neurons of human as well as of rats, indicating the presence of anti-Hu type antineuronal antibody in the patient's CSF as well as serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies of paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy--an analysis of antineuronal antibody and infiltrated lymphocytes]. 132 6

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a disorder of myelopoiesis characterized by severe neutropenia secondary to a maturational arrest at the level of promyelocytes. We treated five patients with SCN with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) for 42 days and subsequently, between 1 and 3 months later, with rhG-CSF for 142 days. The objective was to evaluate the safety and ability of these factors to elicit a neutrophil response. rhGM-CSF was administered at a dose of 3 to 30 micrograms/kg/d (30 to 60 minutes, intravenously). In all patients, a specific, dose-dependent increase in the absolute granulocyte counts was observed. However, in four patients this increase was due to an increase in eosinophils, and in only one patient it was due to an increase in the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). Subsequently, all patients received rhG-CSF at a dose of 3 to 15 micrograms/kg/d subcutaneously. In contrast to rhGM-CSF treatment, all five patients responded to rhG-CSF during the first 6 weeks of treatment with an increase in the ANC to above 1,000/microL. The level of ANC could be maintained during maintenance treatment. In one patient, the increase in ANC was associated with an improvement of a severe pneumonitis caused by Peptostreptococcus and resistant to antibiotic treatment. No severe bacterial infections occurred in any of the patients during CSF treatment. All patients tolerated rhGM-CSF and rhG-CSF treatment without severe side effects. These results demonstrate the beneficial effect of rhG-CSF in SCN patients.
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PMID:Differential effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with severe congenital neutropenia. 168 95

A 2.5-year retrospective study of pyogenic meningitis in hospitalized children in Kelantan was carried out with regard to aetiology, clinical features, investigation, treatment and outcome. There were 58 children with 43 cases (74.1%) occurring below the age of 1 year. Frequent presenting symptoms included fever (98.3%), fits (77.6%), anorexia (39.7%), vomiting (34.5%) and drowsiness (12.1%). On admission, 37 (63.7%) had neck stiffness, 10 (17.2%) had Kernig's sign and 32 (55.2%) had coma. CSF cultures were positive for Haemophilus influenzae in 29 (50%), Streptococcus pneumonia in 13 (22.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis in 3 (5.2%). The antibiotic sensitivity profiles showed that the three main organisms were 100% sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Streptococcus pneumoniae was 100% sensitive to penicillin, Neisseria meningitidis was 100% sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin, and Haemophilus influenzae was 90% sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. The total hospital mortality was 18.9%. All but two of the eleven deaths occurred in children younger than 1 year. Nineteen of the 35 (54.3%) survivors attended for at least one follow-up after discharge from hospital. Of these 19 children, 47.4% had neurological sequelae.
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PMID:Pyogenic meningitis in hospitalized children in Kelantan, Malaysia. 169 51

We studied the antibiotic sensitivity of 130 Streptococcus pneumonia strains isolated from respiratory samples (96 cases), blood (13 cases), CSF (6 cases), ocular secretions (5 cases) and other origins (10 cases). High-level penicillin-resistance was found in 13.08% of strains, and intermediate-level penicillin resistance was also found in 22.3% of strains. A multiple-antibiotic resistance pattern was shown by 80.44% of all penicillin-resistant strains. Resistance rates found against antibiotics were as follows: tetracycline, 41.53%; chloramphenicol 17.69%; cotrimoxazole, 16.92% and erythromycin 6.92%. All isolated strains were sensitive to rifampin and vancomycin.
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PMID:[Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Galicia]. 180 53


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