Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was evaluated for its absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 3 premature infants 1 to 11 days old upon intravenous administration of about 10 mg/kg body weight (1st group), in 2 premature infants 18 and 32 days old and 1 neonate 17 days old upon intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg (2nd group), and in 1 neonate 15 days old with meningitis upon intravenous administration of 45.2 mg/kg. Concentrations of CMX at 30 minutes after administration were 43, 29 and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 46, 37 and 44 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 208 micrograms/ml in the other neonate, and appeared to be dose-dependent. Concentrations of CMX at 6 hours after administration were 18.2, 6.6 and 8.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 9.6, 11 and 1.35 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 5.2 micrograms/ml in the other subject. Serum half-lives were, respectively, 4.59, 2.85 and 3.48 hours in the 1st group, 2.52, 2.73 and 1.14 hours in the 2nd group and 1.0 hour in the other subject. Urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours after administration were 45.8, 87.0, 50.2 and more than 100% in 4 cases examined. Two of these cases, in which recovery rates were 45.8 and 50.2%, were premature infants of low birth weight. Spinal fluid concentrations of the drug at 80 to 90 minutes after dosing to 1 neonate with purulent meningitis (causative organism presumed: Escherichia coli) given 48.3 mg/kg tended to decline gradually with the recovery of the disease, 3.8, 1.72 and 1.32 micrograms/ml on the 2nd, 6th and 8th day, respectively. 2. The drug was given to 9 neonates 0 to 24 days old. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infections was evaluated in 7 cases (10 diseases) including 1 disease of purulent meningitis presumably caused by E. coli, 4 of septicemia caused by E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (1, 2 and 1, respectively), 3 of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli, Serratia and Enterococcus faecalis (1 each), 1 of purulent parotitis caused by S. aureus and 1 of pneumonia (causative organism was unknown). Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in all of meningitis, septicemia and urinary tract infection cases, and "Good" in 1 each of purulent parotitis and pneumonia cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in infections of neonates]. 261 20

Cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was administered by drip infusion to 65 patients with various respiratory infections and its effect was evaluated. The rate of effectiveness was 86.2% in all cases including 40 cases of acute pneumonia and 12 cases of chronic bronchitis. CMX was examined comparatively with other drugs for antibacterial activity on clinically isolated strains of 2 bacterial species, i.e. H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis, each of which has a high frequency of clinical isolation from infected respiratory organs. On H. influenzae CMX exerted the strongest antibacterial activity among test drugs (ampicillin, piperacillin cefoperazone, latamoxef) regardless of the production of beta-lactamase by the organism, while on B. catarrhalis it also exerted an antibacterial activity strong enough to control the proliferation of all strains at a dose level of 0.39 microgram/ml. Drip infusion of this drug (2 gram) brought about an average maximum blood concentration of 127.2 +/- 21.5 micrograms/ml and an average half-life in blood of 1.10 +/- 0.28 hours. However, different values were obtained for different individual cases because these subjects were patients of chronic respiratory infections each having some underlying disease or other. Side effects of the drug were observed as allergic symptoms such as pyrexia, eruption and the like, but only 5 cases without any serious cases. Increases in transaminase suggestive of abnormal clinical test results were also observed in 5 cases. However, numerical recoveries to the normal values were obtained in all of these 5 cases with the withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in respiratory tract infections]. 346 21

Cefmenoxime, an investigational semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in 18 pediatric patients with a variety of infections. There were seven patients with urinary tract infections, two with wound infections, two with osteomyelitis, two with abscess infections, one with cervical adenitis, one with hidradenitis, one with pneumonia and sepsis, one with periorbital cellulitis, and one with ventriculitis. A total of 16 (88%) patients had a satisfactory clinical response demonstrated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. A total of 12 (67%) patients demonstrated eradication of their infecting organisms. Of the pathogens isolated in these patients, 16 isolates were susceptible to cefmenoxime. One patient developed a generalized urticarial rash that resolved within 24 h after cessation of cefmenoxime therapy. Mean peak level in serum after intravenous infusion was 55 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy and safety of cefmenoxime in children. 386 30

Nephrotoxicity frequently complicates the use of aminoglycosides in severely compromised acute care patients. Therefore, we initiated an open clinical trial to determine if cefmenoxime alone is useful for serious Gram-negative pneumonias in this population. Thirty consecutive patients were studied. Average age was 66 years. Most were malnourished at entry, with serum albumin averaging 2.8 g/dl and prognostic nutritional index values over 70% (normal less than 40%). One-half of the patients had severe COPD and 67.9% were on ventilators. Fifty-seven per cent suffered concomitant cardiac disease, and 78.6% had been previously treated with antibiotics. Pneumonia was proven by new infiltrates on chest X-ray, new fever, elevated WBC count and Gram-negative rods on Gram's stain and in cultures of tracheal aspirate or sputum. Patients were given cefmenoxime 1-2 g every 6 h for an average of 12 days. Cefmenoxime peak (1 h) and trough concentrations were measured by HPLC and averaged 58 and 7 mg/l respectively. Gram-positive organisms, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Haemophilus influenzae were usually eradicated. Persistence was noted for Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. Persistence in patients with good clinical response was considered colonization rather than superinfection. Overall, satisfactory clinical response rate was noted in 78.6%, while four patients responded satisfactorily with recurrence, and two treatments were unsatisfactory. No serious adverse effects were observed. Cefmenoxime is a promising agent for treatment of susceptible pneumonias in critical care patients.
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PMID:Cefmenoxime in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonias in critical care patients. 609 Mar 80

Fifty-nine patients with serious infections were assigned at random in a two-to-one ratio to receive either cefmenoxime or cefoxitin given intravenously in a dosage of 0.5 to 2.0 g every six hours. Of 44 patients evaluable for efficacy, eight had concomitant bacteremia and all but 10 had serious underlying disease. The average duration of therapy was seven days. All patients with skin and soft tissue infections were cured after treatment with either antibiotic. Cefmenoxime achieved clinical and bacteriologic cures in 92 and 83 percent, respectively, of 12 patients with pneumonia and in 100 and 82 percent of 11 patients with urinary tract infections. Cefoxitin therapy resulted in clinical and bacteriologic cures in all four patients with pneumonia. Among 10 patients with urinary tract infection, respective cure rates were 90 and 50 percent. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. One cefmenoxime-treated patient discontinued treatment because of a rash.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of cefmenoxime versus cefoxitin in serious infections. 609 17

Nephrotoxicity frequently complicates the use of aminoglycosides in severely compromised acute care patients. Therefore, an open clinical trial was initiated to determine if cefmenoxime alone is useful in serious nosocomial pneumonias. Thirty consecutive patients were entered in the trial, and 28 patients with an average age of 66 years were evaluable. Most were malnourished at entry, with serum albumin averaging 2.8 g/dl and prognostic nutritional index values over 70 percent (normal less than 40 percent). One-half the patients had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 68 percent required ventilators. Fifty-seven percent had concomitant cardiac disease, and 79 percent had previously been treated with antibiotics. Pneumonia was proven to be present by new infiltrate on chest x-ray, new fever, elevated white blood cell count, and gram-negative rods on gram stain and in cultures of tracheal aspirates or sputum. Patients were given cefmenoxime 1 to 2 g every six hours an average of 12 days. Cefmenoxime peak (one hour) and trough concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and averaged 58 and 7 micrograms ml, respectively. Pharmacokinetic data in 18 patients were determined from serum profiles. Gram-positive organisms, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Hemophilus influenzae were usually eradicated. Persistence was noted for some Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Acinetobacter. Persistence in patients with good clinical response was considered colonization rather than superinfection. Overall, a satisfactory clinical response rate was noted in 78.6 percent of evaluable patients, whereas four patients responded satisfactorily with recurrence and two treatments had an unsatisfactory response. No serious adverse effects were observed. Cefmenoxime is a promising agent in the treatment of susceptible pneumonias in critical care patients.
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PMID:Cefmenoxime efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in critical care patients with nosocomial pneumonia. 609 22

Cefmenoxime concentration/effect relationships were retrospectively explored for gram-negative bacteria isolated from 14 critical care patients treated for nosocomial pneumonia. The effects of cefmenoxime concentrations on in vitro growth kinetics of 21 isolated pathogens were studied using the Abbott MS-2 Research System, from which a dynamic response concentration was derived. Serum pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in each patient. These data were used to calculate the in vivo total area under the curve over dynamic response concentration and the time that cefmenoxime concentrations exceeded the dynamic response concentration for each bacteria. The same determinations were made in 18 patients prospectively treated, except that dosage was optimized on the basis of previous mathematical relations to achieve bacterial eradication in four days. This method of dosage optimization is termed dual individualization. Serial cultures of infected tissues were evaluated to determine the number of days to the eradication of bacteria, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables were used to describe the bacteriologic response of the original pathogen isolated in pretreatment culture. Bacterial eradication rates could be described from cefmenoxime pharmacokinetics in the patient and from the relation between concentration and bacterial inhibition. Patients who were prospectively treated using these retrospectively derived relationships had a predictable day of bacterial eradication. This, in turn, was associated with a shorter duration of treatment (p less than 0.05). The success of prospective dual individualization is encouraging and suggests that more precise optimization of antibiotic dosage can yield a predictable rate of bacterial eradication from the infection site.
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PMID:Role for dual individualization with cefmenoxime. 609 24

Cefmenoxime was evaluated in an open trial consisting of 41 patients. Forty infections in 36 patients could be evaluated. Thirteen patients had pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli (two bacteremic), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Streptococcus faecalis; all improved and 12 of 13 were clinically cured, but one relapse (S. faecalis) occurred at two weeks. Six patients with cystitis due to E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, P. aeruginosa, or S. faecalis all improved, but relapse or reinfection, or both, occurred in five due to P. aeruginosa, S. faecalis, C. fruendii, or E. coli. Neurogenic bladder or other complications were present in five of 13 patients with pyelonephritis and five of six with cystitis. Ten patients with pneumonia and one with tracheobronchitis due to Hemophilus influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, or Neisseria meningitidis all improved and seven had resolution without relapse, but P. aeruginosa emerged in two patients, one of whom died. Eight soft tissue infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Peptococcus prevotti, Streptococcus species, or infections of mixed origin resolved in six. Sterility of blood cultures was obtained in one patient with endocarditis due to S. anginosus, but other therapy was substituted. Clinical resolution of the toxic shock syndrome and subsequent negative endocervical cultures for S. aureus occurred in one. Granulocytopenia of unverified cause in four (with less than 1,500 mm3) and two (with less than 2,000 mm3) was reversible. Headache during treatment occurred in six patients and a possible disulfiram-like effect in three. Elevations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase occurred in five, Coombs' positivity in two, and diarrhea in three. Clinical efficacy of cefmenoxime was significant. Possible side effects require further study.
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PMID:Cefmenoxime: clinical evaluation. 609 26

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was intravenously administered to 20 children with the following bacterial infection; pneumonia in 14 cases, purulent meningitis in 2 cases, pyothorax in 2 cases, urinary tract infection in 1 case and brain abscess in 1 case. The daily dosage administered in meningitis, pyothorax and brain abscess ranged from 145-311 mg/kg/day, from 43-88 mg/kg/day in other bacterial infections. The therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 15, good in 3, poor in 2 patients, efficacy rate being 90%. Causative organisms were H. influenzae in 4 cases, S. aureus in 2 cases, Streptococcus sanguis in 1 case, E. coli in 1 case and unknown in 12 cases. All were eliminated with the exception of 2 strains of S. aureus after the administration of CMX. As for side effect, transient eosinophilia was only observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of cefmenoxime in children]. 630 40

Cefmenoxime (CMX) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Basic and clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. 1. Serum level and urinary recovery A 7 years old male was administered 10 mg per kilogram of CMX by one shot intravenous injection. Serum levels were 23.3 micrograms/ml at the time of 15 minutes after injection, 12.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 2.0 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, and 0.3 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. In this same patient, 6-hour urinary recovery was 54.7%. 2. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction Thirty-seven patients (upper respiratory infection 4, pneumonia 20, pyothorax 1, purulent lymphadenitis 1, cellulitis 2, sepsis 1 and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CMX in doses of 30 approximately 212 mg/kg divided 3 approximately 4 times per day for 1.5 approximately 21 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 94.6%. As to adverse reaction, exanthema and drug fever were observed in 1 patient respectively. Abnormal laboratory data noted were eosinophilia in 2.3%, and elevation of serum transaminase in 9.8%.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in pediatric field]. 630 90


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