Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20-year-old man developed a pneumonia after using throat gargles containing lipoid paraffin over 5 years. The lung biopsy showed a lipoid pneumonia and the bodyplethysmographic examination a ventilation disorder indicating a starting lung fibrosis. By the means of gaschromatography the identity of the lipoid in the sputum and in the gargle sample was established and the diagnosis continued. The disease, its pathophysiology and iatrogenic etiology are discussed and the consequencies concerning the ENT-specialist are stressed.
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PMID:[Mineral oil pneumonia caused by throat gargles containing lipoid paraffin. Diagnosed by biochemical examination of the sputum (author's transl)]. 13 46

Three patients developed severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after bone marrow autograft for acute leukaemia. Clinically, the disease presents as interstitial or bilateral alveolo-interstitial pneumonia with hypoxaemia. Signs of ENT infection (otitis media, sinusitis) are present in 30 percent of the cases. In all 3 patients, the syncytial virus was isolated by direct immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In 2 patients the infection began soon after the autograft, in deeply aplastic subjects, and required intubation and assisted ventilation. These 2 patients died despite inhalation of aerosolized ribavirin combined, in one of them, with ribavirin injections. In the third patient the infection began some time after the autograft and responded well to ribavirin in aerosols. In these three cases the viral infection occurred in an epidemic and nosocomial context. The respiratory syncytial virus is usually transmitted by the hands. Owing to the severity of this infection with lung involvement in immunodepressed patients, specific prophylactic measures should be taken side by side with the conventional measures.
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PMID:[Severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia following bone marrow autograft. 3 cases]. 153 59

Out of 144 patients suffering from cervical osteochondrosis, single or multiple foci of chronic infection (ENT infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, ect.) were found in 99. All of them had various combinations of symptoms indicating lesions of the radices spinales, cervical spine, insufficient circulation in the vertebrobasilar area. Literature and first-hand experience suggest a conclusion on the underlying infection and allergic processes in development of the disk ossification. Relevant treatment modalities are recommended.
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PMID:[Chronic infections and osteochondrosis of the spine]. 194 89

The value of prophylactic monoclonal or polyclonal antibody therapy early after cardiac transplantation is controversial. Between Jan. 1, 1987, and July 1, 1988, 32 consecutive patients underwent cardiac transplantation (cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone maintenance therapy) with either early prophylactic rabbit antithymocyte globulin (n = 17) or monoclonal OKT3 (Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Raritan, N.J.) (10 days) (n = 15). Follow-up was through Sept. 1, 1988, for morbid events and through Jan. 1, 1989, for survival. All patients (100%) survived the study period (follow-up of 6 to 24 months). The efficacy of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and OKT3 prophylaxis was similar regarding median time (days) to first rejection (16 versus 21 days, p = 0.5), number of rejection episodes during first 2 months (1.5 versus 1.3 days, p = 0.8), and freedom from rejection at 2 months (18% versus 27%, p = 0.8). Early infections were slightly less common in the rabbit antithymocyte globulin group than the OKT3 group (median time to first infection: 318 versus 250 days, p = 0.5; freedom from rejection at 2 months: 82% versus 64%, p = 0.21), although differences were likely due to chance. Cytomegalovirus syndrome was common, with one case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. T-cell markers during OKT3 treatment did not predict subsequent rejection (within 2 weeks after OKT3) as assessed by mean T3-lymphocyte count during OKT3 use (p = 0.3) or T3-lymphocyte count during the last 3 days of OKT3 use (p = 0.4). Inferences: (1) Prophylactic rabbit antithymocyte globulin or OKT3 with triple-drug immunosuppression yields excellent intermediate survival after heart transplantation. (2) These protocols for rabbit antithymocyte globulin and OKT3 provide similar protection against early rejection with a relatively low risk of early infection. (3) T-cell markers do not predict early rejection after OKT3.
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PMID:Prophylactic therapy for rejection after cardiac transplantation. A comparison of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and OKT3. 210 82

Cefixime, the first oral third generation cephalosporin, was administered to 2,832 patients in the USA, UK, FRG and France. 478/1063 patients were treated for urinary tract infections (upper or lower UTI) with 200 mg cefixime bid; clinical cure was obtained in 92 and 96 per cent of upper and lower UTI respectively, and bacteriological cure in 97.5 and 89 per cent of the cases; among 142 patients with a 1 month follow-up, no relapse or reinfection was observed in 78 per cent of cases. Of 521 patients treated for lower respiratory tract infection, 355 received 200 mg cefixime bid and 166 received a single daily dose of 400 mg. Clinical cure was obtained in 88 per cent and 93 per cent patients with pneumonia or bronchitis respectively, with bacteriological cure in 93.2 and 93.8 per cent. Among ENT infections, the most interesting study was in the treatment of sinusitis and otitis. Good clinical results were shown in nearly 95 per cent of cases, with bacteriological cure in more than 90 per cent. The safety studies demonstrated a global 6.6 per cent incidence of undesirable effect. These manifestations were mild and reversible, consisting of abdominal discomfort and minor diarrhea in most cases. The overall effectiveness of cefixime appears to be similar to that of established compounds as far as susceptible pathogens are concerned. However, in clinical trials, cefixime seemed to be effective on isolated bacteria unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of cefixime in international and French studies]. 253 May 48

A nine-year-old boy was hospitalized for pneumonia of the left lower lobe. A left pleural effusion developed 48 hours later. The same E. coli strain was recovered from five blood cultures, pleural fluid, and middle ear fluid. Recovery was achieved after two months. Pleural lavage was performed twice daily for the first 15 days and parenteral antimicrobial therapy was given for 45 days. Because E. coli is not usually responsible for ENT or lower respiratory tract infections, an immune deficiency was sought for. The index patient had a twin in whom a history of osteomyelitis at the age of 2 and pneumonia at the age of 8 was found. Recurrent otitis had been a problem in both twins from the age of 14 months. In both twins, immunoglobulin assays led to the diagnosis of Bruton agammaglobulinemia. These two children are now receiving intravenous infusions of human immunoglobulins every three weeks. Bruton agammaglobulinemia is infrequently diagnosed at so late an age.
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PMID:[Pleuropulmonary colibacillus infection in a 9-year-old boy leading to the diagnosis of Bruton agammaglobulinemia]. 264 38

Three patients underwent single left lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis between June and November 1987. Preoperatively all were housebound, receiving continuous, supplemental oxygen, and their pulmonary function had deteriorated despite corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy. Pulmonary preservation was by means of pulmonary arterial perfusion with modified Euro-Collins solution, 60 ml/kg, at 4 degrees C with adjunctive iloprost (synthetic prostacyclin) infusion. The heart from each donor was used successfully for transplantation. Good early graft function enabled extubation 11, 46, and 96 hours after transplantation. An omental wrap was used around the bronchial anastomosis, and bronchial healing was satisfactory in all. All patients had episodes of pulmonary rejection diagnosed by a combination of symptoms, chest x-ray infiltrates, the exclusion of pneumonitis by bronchoalveolar lavage, and prompt response to "pulse" steroid therapy. Two of the three patients had three episodes of opportunistic pulmonary infections: Herpes simplex pneumonitis, Pneumocystis carinii infection, and Aspergillus pneumonitis. The three patients were discharged from the hospital after 5, 6, and 7 1/2 weeks, respectively. The first and third patients remain alive and well, living essentially normal lives 24 and 19 months after transplantation with no evidence of arterial desaturation on exercise testing while breathing room air. The second patient had symptoms of deteriorating lung function with a progressive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, vital capacity, and diffusion capacity despite repeated "pulse" therapy with combinations of methylprednisolone, antithymocyte globulin, and OKT3 (Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc., Raritan, N.J.). An open lung biopsy specimen showed obliterative bronchiolitis, and this patient underwent orthotopic lung retransplantation, on the right side. Despite excellent early graft function and early extubation, he died of uncontrolled rejection and general debility after 3 weeks. This early experience in our center with two of three patients surviving 19 to 24 months, respectively, confirms the restoration of good pulmonary function and near normal life-style in patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis after single lung transplantation, as first reported by the Toronto Lung Transplant Group. We have used an alternative method of lung preservation (cold crystalloid pulmonary perfusion as opposed to topical cooling, used by the Toronto group), which provided excellent pulmonary preservation up to and beyond 4 hours' storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Early results of single lung transplantation in patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. 267 9

Direct fluorescent antibody assay (DFA) using monoclonal antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapid detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were compared with conventional virus isolation and identification procedures in cell cultures. When 134 NPS were examined from infants and young children with acute respiratory tract infection, 42 (31%) were culture-positive for RSV and 31 of these were detected by the appearance of a typical cytopathic effect and identified by DFA either before or after its appearance, whereas 11 were identified as RSV-positive by DFA performed blindly on HEp-2 cell cultures 5 or 10 days after inoculation. DFA for RSV on NPS smears was positive in 33 (26%) cases, from seven of which RSV was not isolated. The same group of 134 NPS was tested for RSV detection by three commercial ELISA kits. The sensitivities of the three ELISA kits when compared with a combination of culture and DFA results, were comparable (53%, 51%, and 47% for Ortho, Kallested, and Abbott, respectively), whereas specificity was 100% for all three assays. In the group of 26 NPS detected as positive by both virus isolation and DFA, 20-22 (77-85% according to different kits) were found positive for RSV by the three ELISA assays. These data suggest that virus isolation is still critical for diagnosis of a fair number of cases of RSV infection. Of the two rapid techniques, DFA is a valuable complementary method, whereas ELISA still lacks sensitivity. However, both DFA and ELISA were able to detect RSV in 7 of 8 young patients with severe respiratory infection (pneumonia, bronchiolitis), thus permitting diagnosis of RSV infection at least two days before culturing.
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PMID:Rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by immunofluorescence and ELISA does not justify discontinuation of virus isolation. 267 34

Epidemiology of nonspecific pulmonary diseases in the Transbaikal region was studied with regard to the extremal climatic conditions, industrial specificity, and mass migration of the population to the construction sites of the Baikal-Amur railway (BAR). A total of 7.495 persons were examined. Of these, the population of the northern regions accounted for 39 percent, the workers of the mining integrated works for 9.1 percent, and builders of the BAR for 51.9 percent. The persons examined were divided into 3 groups. Group I was constituted by normal persons, group II by subjects with a disease risk (a premorbid group), and group III included patients suffering from chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD). It has been shown that in the region under study, the disease was encountered in 20.2 percent of the local population, in 30.6 percent of the natives (Evenks), in 35.5 percent of the workers of the mining industry. and in 6 percent of the builders of the BAR. In the newcomers, acute pneumonia ran a graver course and was encountered 1.5 times more frequently than in the natives, that was connected with alterations in the people's immune status during adaptation. The risk factors of CNPD development in the region were as follows: industrial occupational hazards, tobacco-smoking, age and length of service, extremal climato-meteorological conditions, chronic diseases of the ENT organs, respiratory diseases experienced in childhood, migration of the population from other climatic areas, and alcohol abuse. The risk factors were enumerated in accordance with their significance.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of nonspecific pulmonary diseases in the Transbaikal region]. 274 Nov 23

This retrospective hospital study concerns 159 infectious episodes observed in 60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) staged A, B or C on first admission. The most frequent site of infection was pulmonary (33%), followed by ENT and stomatological infections (15%), septicaemia (9%), urinary and genital tracts infections (9%), herpes virus infections (9%), skin and soft tissue purulent sepsis (8%), digestive tract (3%) and meningeal (1%) infections and isolated fever (8%). Seventy nine bacteria were isolated, including 35 Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus spp. 12, Streptococcus spp. 13, D. pneumoniae 5, Enterococcus spp. 5), 43 Gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae 36, Pseudomonas spp. 5, Haemophilus influenzae 2) and 1 M. tuberculosis. The other documented infections were: candidiasis 11, viral infections 19 (including 17 of the herpes group) and 2 parasitoses (1 pneumocystosis, 1 toxoplasmosis). Sixteen patients died of toxic -infectious shock (9 cases, including 1 meningitis) or pneumonia (7 cases, including one chicken-pox). Stage C leukaemia and granulopenia (less than 1 X 10(9) PN/l) were associated with significantly more frequent and severe infections.
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PMID:[Severe infections associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia. 159 infectious episodes in 60 patients]. 294 30


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