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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-one patients with community-acquired lower respiratory infections were treated orally in a comparative 10-day trial of ofloxacin versus amoxicillin or erythromycin. Approximately one-half of the patients had no major underlying disease and the other half had some form of chronic lung disease. Pneumonia was present in 31 percent of the patients and the remainder had purulent bronchitis. Bacterial pathogens were recovered from 60 percent of the patients, with Haemophilus influenzae (33 isolates) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (16 isolates) being the most common. Ofloxacin was found to be a safe, well-tolerated therapeutic agent, which was as effective clinically as amoxicillin or erythromycin and with an advantage of less frequent administration. Ofloxacin was more effective than amoxicillin (90 percent versus 75 percent; p = 0.05) in elimination of pathogenic bacteria from lower airway cultures. Caution should be exercised in the use of ofloxacin, at least in short-term treatment regimens, with anaerobic pulmonary infections; additional information is needed for S. pneumoniae given the relatively high minimal inhibitory concentrations for this species.
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PMID:Ofloxacin in community-acquired lower respiratory infections. A comparison with amoxicillin or erythromycin. 269 Jun 20

To asses the efficacy and the safety of ofloxacin as therapy of pneumonia caused by intracellular pathogens, 35 patients were studied (26 male, 9 female, mean age: 52.5 +/- 16.6 years). Causative pathogens were Chlamydia psittaci (n = 13), Legionella pneumophila (n = 10), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 7) and Coxiella burnetii (n = 5). Ofloxacin was administered orally in 32 cases (200 mg b.i.d. in 80% of cases) and by I.V. route in 3 cases. All patients were cured without any side effects. In conclusion, ofloxacin appears, in our study, as an efficient therapy for these pneumonias. It could be considered as a valuable alternative to other antimicrobial agents with intra-cellular activity.
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PMID:[Treatment of pneumonia caused by Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae and Rickettsia using ofloxacin]. 269 69

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin against experimental pneumonia was investigated with special reference to its treatment regimen. A pneumonia model was successfully produced by inhalation of a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate. One or 4 days after infection, the animals were treated orally with the fixed daily doses of ofloxacin either once a day or thrice a day for 3 consecutive days. Ofloxacin given thrice a day eliminated the organisms from the lung more efficiently than the equivalent total doses injected once a day in both series of treatment, starting 1 or 4 days after infection. The superiority of the triple dosing in chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin was found to be attributable at least to the longer retention of its pulmonary levels exceeding the antibiotic concentrations.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin against experimental pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs. 277 37

Thirty-two patients were treated by ofloxacin on bacteriological documented infections. They were Enterobacterias: n = 15 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter: n = 1 (MIC 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml); Staphylococcus: n = 6 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml); Pneumococcus: n = 1; Mycoplasma: n = 1; Chlamydia psittaci: n = 2; Legionella pneumophila: n = 1; Rickettsias: n = 4 (three mediterranean fevers one query fever). Ofloxacin was given orally from 400 to 800 mg per day (5 to 15 mg/kg/day). It was used alone 26 times and on 6 occasions it was associated with rifampin on 6 staphylococcal infections. On 19 cases it was used after failure or intolerance of initial therapy. Thirty times it was the first antibiotic substance used. Results were good mainly: 1) on nine pneumonitis (enterobacterias: 4; Pneumococcus: 1; Mycoplasma: 1; Chlamydia: 2; Legionella: 1) during a mean duration of twenty days; 2) urinary infections (n:7) provoked by E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae (mean duration: 20 days); 3) 4 osteo-articular-infections (mean duration: 77 days); 4) Rickettsial infections (n:4) during a mean duration of 11 days. Results are particularly noteworthy because patients treated had severe infections: 12 bacteremias, 1 endocarditis and 1 purulent meningitis. None severe adverse effect was observed.
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PMID:[Ofloxacin (RU 43280). Clinical study]. 330 73

A murine model of bacteremic Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of the quinolone antimicrobial agents enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with those of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Ampicillin-susceptible (AS) and ampicillin-resistant (AR) challenge strains were employed. Treatment with enoxacin or ofloxacin produced intrapulmonary killing of H. influenzae that was superior to that achieved with ampicillin (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001 for both AS and AR strains). Ofloxacin and enoxacin also provided killing greater than that with chloramphenicol for the AS strain (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001). For the AR strain, ofloxacin provided killing greater than that obtained with chloramphenicol (P less than 0.001). Survival from AS strain pneumonia was 60% in enoxacin-treated and 78% in ofloxacin-treated animals compared with 41% for chloramphenicol-treated and 23% for ampicillin-treated groups. We conclude that enoxacin and ofloxacin may be effective antimicrobial agents in treating either AS or AR strains causing H. influenzae pneumonia.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of enoxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol for treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. 349 34

We investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, for the treatment of various documented bacterial infections in 26 patients (10 females, 16 males) aged 17 to 84 years. Ofloxacin monotherapy was given orally in a dose of 200 mg twice (25) or three times (1) a day. Antibiotic levels and serum bactericidal activity were measured using a microbiological method on the second and sixth days, before and 2 and 6 hours after a single dose. The infectious episode treated was enterocolitis in 7 cases (5 Shigella, 2 Salmonella), Salmonella septicemia in 9 (7 typhoid fevers and 2 Salmonella minor infections), chronic osteoarthritis in 3 (1 E. coli, 2 S. aureus + P. aeruginosa), a soft tissue infection in 3 (2 S. aureus, 1 E. coli), acute pleuropneumonia in 2 (2 Klebsiella pneumoniae), pyelonephritis with bacteremia in 1 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and pneumococcal pneumonia with septicemia in 1. Mean duration of therapy was ten days for 23 patients (range 7 to 30 days). The three patients with osteoarthritis were treated for 35, 95 and 270 days respectively. 24 patients recovered free of sequelae or germ carriage. Treatment failed in 1 case of chronic osteitis (S. aureus + P. aeruginosa) and in 1 staphylococcal soft tissue infection. No adverse reactions were observed except a slight increase in transaminases in 3 patients. Peak and through serum ofloxacin levels were 3.70 micrograms/ml and 0.95 micrograms/ml respectively on the second day and 3.25 micrograms/ml and 0.80 microgram/ml respectively on the sixth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of the use of ofloxacin in the treatment of various infections]. 353 24

A randomized, open, prospective study including 45 patients with either soft tissue infections (29 cases) or pneumonia (15 cases) after surgical intervention and one case having both indications was carried out with ofloxacin. The standard dose was 200 mg ofloxacin b. i. d. In most cases, clinical symptoms, such as fever, rubor, swelling and pain in soft tissue infections, as well as fever, dyspnoea, physical and radiological signs for pneumonia, subsided within two to seven days. Laboratory data (blood analyses, liver enzymes) remained in the normal range. The overall tolerability was good. Bacteriological controls have proven that ofloxacin is able to eradicate a broad range of pathogens, including persister pathogens and also certain bacteria like Clostridium perfringens and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In our study, Streptococcus faecalis was of intermediate sensitivity in one case and resistant in another. Ofloxacin has proven to be effective in soft tissue infections and pneumonia after surgical intervention.
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PMID:Treatment of surgical infections with a modern quinolone: therapy of soft tissue infections and pneumonia with ofloxacin. 354 48

The antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin was tested against 15 standard strains and 37 clinical and environmental strains of Legionella pneumophila by agar dilution susceptibility studies with a new growth medium. The ofloxacin MICs were inoculum dependent and ranged from 0.03 to 0.125 microgram/ml. The antibacterial activities of other agents tested relative to ofloxacin were rifampin greater than ofloxacin greater than josamycin greater than pipemidic acid. Ofloxacin, at concentrations equal to or greater than 0.05 microgram/ml, inhibited the growth of L. pneumophila grown in human monocytes. The therapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin in experimental guinea pig L. pneumophila pneumonia was greater than that observed with erythromycin or josamycin therapy; it was less effective than was rifampin. Ofloxacin was very active against intracellular L. pneumophila in these experiments and should be studied in the therapy of human Legionnaires disease.
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PMID:Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ofloxacin in vitro and in experimental Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs. 386 61

Ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 24 patients with chronic bronchitis or pneumonia at the background of chronic bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. The drug was administered in accordance with 2 regimens: orally in a dose of 400 mg once a day (group I) and intravenously in a dose of 200 mg twice a day for 2 to 4 days followed by the drug oral use in the same dosage for 6 to 8 days (group II). The trial included comparison of the treatment efficacy by a complex of clinicobacteriological indices, estimation of the drug pharmacokinetics under the two regimens and prediction of the drug concentrations in blood with the mathematical models. High clinical and bacteriological efficacies of ofloxacin were shown under both the regimens. The pathogen eradication under both the regimens was observed in 61.5 and 72.7 per cent of the cases in groups I and II respectively. Dependence of the ofloxacin blood concentrations in the patients on the dosage regimen was detected. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated the possible prediction of the drug blood concentrations after the multiple administrations based on the calculated parameters.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ofloxacin under various regimens of administration in patients with bronchopulmonary infections]. 900 86

Ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 15 patients (12 with pneumonia and 3 with aggravated chronic bronchitis). The drug was administered at first intravenously in a dose of 200 mg twice a day for 3 days and then orally in the same dosage. Before the treatment Streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Klebsiella strains were isolated from the sputum specimens (12, 2 and 2 cases respectively). All the isolates except for 3 Streptococcus strains were susceptible to ofloxacin. After the treatment the recovery and improvement were stated in 14 patients. One patient with pneumonia at the background of chronic bronchitis due to resistant Streptococcus strains was excluded from the trial since the treatment with ofloxacin failed. 252 isolates from the sputum specimens of the patients with pulmonary affections were subjected to the laboratory tests and high activity of the fluoroquinolone against the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was shown. The isolates were often resistant to tetracycline. It was concluded that the use of ofloxacin in the successive therapy of patients with pulmonary diseases was expedient.
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PMID:[Stepdown ofloxacin therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases]. 900 87


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