Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoid tumour of the thymus is a rare neuroendocrine tumour particularly at an advanced age. The authors report a case of a mediastinal mass in a man aged 85, the mass had remained asymptomatic for a long time. It was decided to achieve a diagnosis because the tumour was causing local compression: a mediastinal needle biopsy under computerised tomographic control confirmed that this was a carcinoid tumour and a study of the biopsy material using an electron microscope showed neurosecretory granules. A sternotomy enabled the tumour to be excised but a post-operative Pseudomonas pneumonia led to the death of the patient. This case underlines the diagnostic place of mediastinal needle biopsy in the presence of a mediastinal tumour. The technique can be carried out under computerised tomography or ultrasonography and this can be associated with a study of the biopsy specimen using electron microscopy which enables the diagnosis to be made before any therapeutic decisions. The treatment of choice of a carcinoid tumour of the thymus is surgery which confirms the tumour limits and also its thymic origin. Tumour excision can be completed using radiotherapy or even chemotherapy.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Carcinoid thymus tumor at an advanced age: diagnostic value of mediastinal needle biopsy with computerized tomography]. 871 Dec 39

A series of 13 patients (11 male, 2 female, average age 61 +/- 6 years) with previous aortocoronary bypass surgery and reoperated for aortic valve replacement (AVR) were analysed retrospectively. At coronary bypass, 8 patients (Group I) has insignificant aortic stenosis (AS) (mean transvalvular pressure gradient < 40 mmHg and/or aortic valve surface > 1 cm2). The other 5 had no aortic valvular lesion (Group II). The average time interval between the two operations was 7 +/- 3.3 years (Group I: 6.7 +/- 3.5 years; Group II: 7.4 +/- 3.2 years). In Group I, 2 patients required early AVR (2 years) whereas the time of reoperation varied from 6 to 12 years in the other 6 patients. No operative complications related to the sternotomy or dissection of adhesions were observed. In 3 cases, it was necessary to free the implanted grafts on the right coronary artery to gain access to the initial part of the aorta. A transverse low aortotomy allowed AVR in good conditions in all cases. One patient in Group II died on the 5th postoperative day of a low output syndrome complicated by pneumonia. After an average follow-up of 3 +/- 2 years, 9 patients are still alive. Three patients in Group I died, two of cardiac failure and one of unknown causes. The authors conclude that "prophylactic" AVR in cases of insignificant AS in patients referred for coronary bypass surgery is not justified. Regular echocardiographic follow-up should lead to AVR at the most appropriate moment, sometimes after an interval of several years, with a low operative risk.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1996 Mar
PMID:[Reoperation for aortic valve replacement after myocardial revascularization]. 873 86

P. carinii pneumonia is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. Clinical and radiological manifestations are non-specific and reference diagnostic procedure remains broncho-alveolar lavage which is costly and invasive. Alternative diagnostic strategies have been proposed. We report here our experience as well as literature date in this field with the purpose to show the usefulness of decision analysis techniques in choosing an optimal cost-effective strategy.
Rev Mal Respir 1996 Jul
PMID:[Diagnostic strategies of pulmonary pneumocystis infection in patients with HIV infection. Decision analysis and medico-economic consequences]. 876 19

Iatrogenic respiratory disorders include bronchic manifestations (asthma, bronchospasm, cough) and bronchiolar manifestations (constrictive or proliferative bronchiolitis). Many pharmacologic agents can induce a bronchospasm. The bronchospasm induced by acetylsalicylic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, often severe, is mediated by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme; it can be prevented by eviction of the drug or desensitization. Leukotriene receptor antagonists and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors may also be useful. Beta-blockers including cardioselective beta-blockers, cholinergic agonists, inhaled agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), vindesine, histamine liberators, etc..., can also induce a bronchospasm. Most of the same agents can also induce an isolated cough, particularly beta-blockers, inhaled agents, and ACE, which cause 75% of the reported cases of iatrogenic cough. ACE-induced cough usually disappears within 1 to 4 days after withdrawal of the treatment, confirming the diagnosis; ACE-induced cough may be prevented by sodium cromoglycate. The risk of obliterans bronchiolitis with expiratory airflow impairment during rheumatoid arthritis is increased by D-penicillamine. Many drugs can be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, which presents with various clinical and radiological aspects. The physician has to keep in mind that bronchospasm, cough, or bronchiolitis of unknown origin, may have a iatrogenic cause.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Iatrogenic drug-induced bronchospasm, cough, and bronchiolitis. Etiologic and physiopathologic aspects]. 892 89

Total and differential cells counts from 173 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) carried out in 19 lung transplanted recipients have been analysed. The patients were separated into seven groups: (a) those without detectable complications (86 BAL); (b) those with acute rejection (AR) (26 BAL); (c) those with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (21 BAL); (d) those with intra-alveolar cytomegalovirus (CMV) but asymptomatic (11 BAL); (e) those with an associated intra-alveolar CMV and AR (7 BAL); (f) those with CMV pneumonia (11 BAL); (g) those with infectious pneumonia excluding CMV (11 BAL). The alveolar cytological data were compared to those from control subjects who were smokers (7 BAL) or non-smokers (8 BAL). Excluding the BO group, the total cell count from the BAL of transplanted patients was significantly higher than in the non-smoking controls and was approaching that of the smoking controls. The lymphocytes count was significantly higher in transplanted patients without complication and in the AR group than in the controls, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significantly greater eosinophilia at the time of AR than either before or after. Eosinophilia was also higher in grade 3 AR than in grade 1 or 2 AR. These data stress the absence of any correlation between the lymphocyte count in the BAL and the existence of AR. Alternatively, the alveolar eosinophilia observed at the time of AR does not allow the possibility of an infection to be elimitated with certainty.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Alveolar lavage cytological data in lung transplants free of bronchial superinfection. Toulouse Lung Transplantation Group]. 892 95

We report two cases of inhalation of seeds in infants aged 11 months and two years. In the first the syndrome of inhalation had not been apreciated. The seed blocked the left bronchus, provoking an obstructive emphysema with superinfection. The outcome was statisfactory after removal by bronchoscopy. In the second case although the aspiration of the particle was appreciated the endoscopy was performed too late to prevent the migration of the seed. After having produced a pneumonia it crossed the pleura and gave a subcutaneous swelling. This migration could in part be followed by ultrasound which enabled the appropriate moment for surgical exploration to be defined. These two cases show the two possible evolutions when the inhalation of a seed occurs and the contribution that can be made by ultrasound.
Rev Mal Respir 1996
PMID:[Intrabronchial inhaled seed migration. Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pleural-cutaneous fistula]. 892 96

The objective of this study is to describe usual medical management and costs associated with recurrent respiratory infections in subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis in France. A prospective survey was performed in Autumn 1994 on a national sample of private practice pulmonologists (N = 71). Two hundred forty-four patients, presenting at least one infection of the lower respiratory tract, were included. Bronchitis was the most frequent acute exacerbation observed (94%). Pneumonia concerned 9% of the patients. Biological tests, X-rays and pulmonary function tests were prescribed for, respectively, 59, 65 and 45% of the patients. Following the visit, 15 patients were hospitalized (6%). The direct medical cost per acute exacerbation was estimated 3,289 francs (1994 value) of which 60% were hospital-related. An average 10.4 day sick-leave was prescribed to 21% of patients in employment. For those patients, this sick-leave was associated to an extra-cost of 1,264-1,876 francs for Social Security and of 0-2,553 francs out of pocket per episode varying according to their Benefit Regimen.
Rev Mal Respir 1996 Oct
PMID:[Recurrent respiratory infections in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: medical treatment and costs]. 919 43

We report a case of eosinophilic pneumonia secondary to taking Tetracycline whose severity required the use of mechanical ventilation and steroid therapy. On the basis of this case, we review the characteristics of drug-induced pneumonia as well as the differential diagnosis which are evoked.
Rev Mal Respir 1996 Oct
PMID:[A cause of respiratory distress: eosinophilic pneumopathy due to minocycline]. 899 80

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potentially curative therapy in selected patients with hematologic disorders (acute leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphoma) or solid tumors (testicular or breast cancer). Pulmonary complications occur in 40 to 60% of patients receiving BMT, and are related to various mechanisms: chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, pulmonary toxicity of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, graft-versus-host disease. Bacterial or fungal pneumonia occurring during the initial period of neutropenia, and interstitial pneumonia (related to cytomegalovirus or of unknown origin) are the major respiratory complications of the first 100 days. Bacterial sinusitis and pulmonary infections, and obstructive airways disease related to bronchiolitis are the main late-onset respiratory disorders. No single risk factor can predict the development of these complications, which result from a sequence of events including infections, pulmonary injuries related to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and inappropriate immunological reaction after transplantation. Antimicrobial prevention has been shown to reduce the mortality of these complications, but they still result in both important morbidity and mortality. They are the most frequent non relapse cause of death among long term surviving patients. Better understanding of their pathogenesis, and early recognition and treatment of respiratory complications of BMT should improve the efficacy of this therapy.
Rev Mal Respir 1996 Nov
PMID:[Lung complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 901 14

Drug induced pneumonias accompanying acute respiratory failure are defined by a delay in presentation of less two months and severe hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg in ambient air). They are poorly indexed, often poorly understood by the clinician and pose difficult problems both of diagnosis and treatment. This general review touches successively on hypoxaemic drug induced pneumonia observed in oncology and haematology then those observed outside this very specific context. In each of the two groups five questions are posed: 1) Which patients? 2) Which clinical patterns? 3) What initial diagnostic discussion? 4) Which successful elements support the drug induced hypothesis? 5) What outcome? The replies obtained were compared to case reports from the literature (188 references) or from recent general reviews concerned more specifically with the hypoxaemic forms.
Rev Mal Respir 1996 Dec
PMID:[Drug-induced pneumopathies accompanied by acute respiratory insufficiency]. 903 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>