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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the prophylactic activities of six fluoroquinolones against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. Pefloxacin was the only agent which was as effective as the reference drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clinical trials with pefloxacin in patients at risk for P. carinii pneumonia appear to be justified.
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PMID:Use of fluoroquinolones for prophylaxis of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 160 13

Nosocomial infections occurring in an intensive care unit (ICU) are commonly caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli or Staphylococcus aureus, which are frequently multi-resistant and difficult to treat and contribute significantly to the patients' morbidity in the ICU. Pefloxacin, with its wide range of antimicrobial activity, lack of serious side-effects and advantageous kinetics, is a useful drug for use in this group of critically ill patients. Pefloxacin has achieved a greater than 70% clinical cure rate and a microbiological response of over 80% in cases of nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU. Failure and superinfection has occurred with the development of resistance, particularly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a small number of cases, but this can be prevented by combination antimicrobial therapy. Serious side-effects, including confusion, psychiatric disturbance and other neurological abnormalities were rare and resolved on withdrawal of the drug. Drug interactions occur with cimetidine and theophylline but are usually not clinically relevant; significant interaction with warfarin occurs and the dose of warfarin needs careful adjustment. Pefloxacin is a valuable drug for use in bacteriologically proven sensitive infections and combination with aminoglycosides or beta-lactam agents should prevent the development of resistance.
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PMID:Pefloxacin therapy for nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. 225 56

Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin are two new quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives that have activity in vitro against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a well-standardized model of Pseudomonas pneumonia in neutropenic guinea pigs, we tested the efficacy in vivo of these new agents. Both were highly effective in increasing survival and decreasing bacterial counts in the lungs of surviving animals. Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin were significantly better (P less than 0.05) than aminoglycosides or beta-lactams tested in prior studies with this model, and they were as effective as combination therapy with aminoglycosides and beta-lactams. Resistance to either ciprofloxacin or pefloxacin did not emerge during the study period. Further studies with these drugs in the therapy of Pseudomonas sp. infections are warranted.
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PMID:Activities of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in experimentally induced Pseudomonas pneumonia in neutropenic guinea pigs. 315 36

High efficacy of pefloxacin was shown in its study on albino mice with experimental infections such as sepsis, pneumonia and peritonitis. In the effective doses administered orally the drug rapidly arrested the clinical signs of the diseases and provided the sanation of the organs and tissues. The broad antibacterial spectrum of pefloxacin substantiated its efficacy in the treatment of purulent septic processes due to gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, as well as in the treatment of mixed infections. It is a drug with prolonged action which was confirmed with its prophylactic use. Pefloxacin was efficient in the treatment of infections of various severity.
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of pefloxacin in experimental infections]. 773 83

Fluoroquinolones are used in many hospitals for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, hospital acquired pneumonia and osteomyelitis. A review of the fluoroquinolones by the System of Objective Judgement Analysis (SOJA) method is presented. The following selection criteria were involved in the study: the number of registered indications, the number of dosage forms, the ratio between the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of strains (MIC 90), variability of the oral bioavailability, drug interactions, dosage frequency, equal dosage for oral and parenteral use, development of resistance, clinical efficacy, adverse events, cost and documentation. Both the oral and the parenteral formulation were included in the study. Ofloxacin shows the highest score, mostly because of the lower incidence of drug interactions, dosage frequency, cost and (relative to ciprofloxacin) a similar dosage for oral and parenteral use. Ciprofloxacin is the best documented drug. Pefloxacin shows the lowest SOJA score. Users of this method are free to determine the relative weight of the various selection criteria that they consider to be correct, although some of the criteria are internationally valid.
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PMID:Fluoroquinolones: use of clinical data to aid formulary choice by the system of objective judgement analysis (SOJA) method. 1014 51